"The Determination of the Efficacy of Drugs by the Physiological Method where Chemical Methods are Unavailable," by F. T. Tuthill.

"On the Transformation of Calomel into Corrosive Sublimate," by George C. Diekman.

"The Antidote Cabinet," by William C. Alpers.

North Carolina.-The twenty-second Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Pharmaceutical Association was held at Wilmington, July 18 and 19, 1900, in four sessions. R. H. Jordan, of Charlotte, was elected President; T. W. Vaughan, of Durham, Secretary. An interesting address was delivered by Simon N. Jones, President of the National Association Retail Druggists.

The only paper read was

"The Venus Fly Trap," by William Niestlie.

North Dakota.-The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the North Dakota State Pharmaceutical Association was held at Fargo, August 7-9, 1900, in three sessions. J. M. S. Wilser, of Fargo, was elected President; W. S. Parker, of Lisbon, Secretary and Treasurer. Trade interests seem to have occupied the time of the Association mainly at these sessions.

Ohio. The Twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association was held at Put-in-Bay, June 19-21, 1900, in four sessions. R. S. Young, of Ada, was elected President; Lewis C. Hopp, Permanent Secretary.

The following papers were read :

"The Next Step," by Prof. Feil.

"What Constitutes a Good Member," by J. H. Von Stein.

(A "third" paper is mentioned, but for some reason, not clear to the reporter, this is not contained in the printed Proceedings.)

Oklahoma.-The Tenth Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Pharmaceutical Association was held at Shawnee, April 4 and 5, 1900. C. A. Dow, of Pond Creek, was elected President; F. M. Weaver, of Oklahoma City, Secretary. The following papers were read:

"What our Association Does for the Druggist," by F. B. Lillie.

"How are We to Increase Our Trade and Profit?" by J. C. Burton.

"Keeping Stock," by W. B. Wheeler.

"Some Preparations Profitable for Oklahoma Druggists to Make," by C. R. Miller.

Oregon. No information obtained.

Pennsylvania.-The Twenty-third Annual Meeting of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association was held at Maple Park Springs Hotel, Ebensburg, June 26-28, 1900, in five sessions. Samuel K. Hammond, of West Chester, was elected President; Jacob A. Miller, of Harrisburg, Secretary. Interesting reports were received on Adulterations and on Botany. The following papers were read:

"Adornment of Drug Stores With Plants," by Prof. Henry Kraemer.

"Anti-Nostrum Prescriptions," by L. Emanuel.

"Book-keeping for Druggists," by C. H. LaWall.

"Commercial Training Course in Colleges of Pharmacy," by Prof. J. P.

Remington.

"Condensed Milk," by F. E. Niece.

"Gasometric Analysis," by Prof. F. X. Moerk.

"Laboratory Notes," by C. H. La Wall.

"Powder Folders," by I. M. Weills.

"Should Physicians be Charged for Urinary Analysis?" by F. T. Gordon.

"Shall the Pharmaceutical Press be Throttled?" by

"South Africa," by Prof. C. B. Lowe.

"Unprofitable Proprietary Articles," by J. F. Patton. "White Wax," by Prof. H. C. C. Maisch.

"Zinc Ointment," by J. F. Patton and D. J. Thomas. Rhode Island.-No information obtained.

South Carolina.-The Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Association of the state of South Carolina was held at Charleston, May 17, 1900, in a single session. O. Y. Owings, of Columbia, was elected President; Frank M. Smith, of Charleston, Secretary and Treasurer. Routine business only appears to have been transacted.

South Dakota.-The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Pharmaceutical Association was held at Brookings, August 7-9, 1900, in three sessions. N. R. Gilchrist, of Wakonda, was elected President; E. C. Bent, of Dell Rapids, Secretary. Prof. F. J. Wulling, of the University of Minnesota, delivered an address on "The Higher Education of Pharmacists," and Prof. Oldberg, of the Northwestern University School of Pharmacy, an address on "The Model Pharmacy Law" and Prof. Sheppard, of Brookings College, an address on "Technical Education of the Pharmacist."

Tennessee. The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Tennessee State Druggists' Association was held at Kingston Springs, July 18 and 19, 1900, in three sessions. Ernest Hawkins, of Huntingdon, was elected President; R. W. Vickers, of Murfreesboro, Secretary. The following papers were read:

"Some Points About Prescriptions," by Edsel A. Ruddiman.

"What is the True Cause of the Seeming Apathy of the Druggists of this State with Regard to Both local and State Associations?" by R. C. Stockton.

"How Can We Amend Our Pharmacy Law to Increase Its Practical Benefits?" two papers, by Ernest Hawkins and H. W. McDonald.

Texas.-The Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Texas Pharmaceutical Association was held at Dallas, May 15-17, 1900. J. L. Hazlett, of Hearne, was elected President; R. H. Walker, of Gonzales, Secretary. Utah.-No information obtained.

Vermont.-The Seventh Annual Meeting of the Vermont State Pharmaceutical Association was held at Rutland, September 19th and 20th, 1900. Washington.-No information obtained.

West Virginia.-No information obtained.

Wisconsin.-The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Association was held at Waupaca, September 4th to 6th, 1900, in five sessions. J. H. Kamps, of Appleton, was elected President; Henry Rollmann, of Chilton, Secretary.

The following papers were read :

"On Methylic Alcohol," by A. F. Menges.

"What Benefit is it to Druggists to Form County Druggists' Societies ? ” by S. M. Reinhardy.

66

Photographic Supplies as a Side Line," by D. A. Taylor.

"Practical and Theoretical Education," by Jos. Hammel. "Paris Green," by Otto J. S. Boberg.

Working Formula for Peptonates and their Combinations," by E. G. Raeuber.

"The Most Attractive Way of Trimming a Window in a Pharmacy," by E. W. Sacksteder.

"A Short and Concise Tablet for Urinary Analysis for Use of Busy Druggists," by Herman L. Emmerich.

"Hints in Prescriptioning," by H. L. Emmerich.

"The National Formulary," by Henry C. Peters.

"On Sunday Closing," by Edw. Williams.

"What Benefit is it to a Pharmacist to Attend the Meetings of the Associations?" by A. A. DuMez.

"Wisconsin Medicinal Plants," by R. H. Denniston.

"How Can We Best Dispose of the Evil of Adulteration of Drugs?" by ?.

"To Make the Soda Fountain Pay," by Julius Koepenik.

"How Should a Retail Druggist Advertise His Business?" by E. W. Sacksteder.

"How to Increase the Sale of Perfume," by C. J. Sacksteder. "How to Prevent Substitution," by H. G. Thompson.

"How Can a Druggist Increase His Sales Through the Use of a Jones Excelsior Mixer and Sifter ?" by W. A. Melcher.

"How Should Druggists Observe Sunday ?" by Julius M. Farnsworth. "Formula for Syrupus Ferri Iodidi," by John Baldwin.

"What Fluid Extracts are Best Prepared from the Fresh or Green Drug?" by John Baldwin.

PHARMACOPOEIAS AND FORMULARIES.

The British Pharmacopeia-A Standard Only in a Restricted Sense.D. B. Dott discusses the direction in which he conceives the B. P. should be considered a standard. It is admittedly the standard according to which chemists are bound to prepare all medicines which are official; but even this simple statement requires qualification, since the medicines must only be of official standard when they are dispensed to the order of the physician, or when the conditions and circumstances of sale imply that they are of pharmacopoeial standard. He furthermore contests the idea that because the Pharmacopoeia states that a certain amount of ingredients is to be used in making a preparation, an analyst is to certify that he has made a calculation, and does not find the amount in it some time after it has been made. If the Pharmacopoeia does not state the strength, the analyst is not authorized to make one. The important factor of deterioration must be considered, and it is to be regretted that in some cases, such as spirit of nitrous ether, for example, a minimum standard should not have been fixed. The author gives a number of examples of confused interpretations of the B. P. standard of public analysts, in which the application of a little common sense by the latter would have avoided troublesome litigation and annoyance. Trans. Brit. Pharm. Conf., 1900, 490–

493.

The B. P. as a Standard-Important Definition.-E. M. Holmes observes that in the preface to the British Pharmacopoeia it should be distinctly stated that it is to be regarded as a standard for drugs and their preparations used in dispensing medicines only. There are many preparations which are not used in dispensing alone, but are used as veterinary remedies or for other purposes, and particularly for technical purposes, for which they would be too expensive if the B. P. standard of purity is insisted on.-Pharm. Journ., Jan. 12, 1901, 30.

The British Pharmacopoeia-Observations Concerning its Chemistry.-Dr. Frederick B. Power makes some interesting observations on the chemical description of a large number of substances in the new British Pharmacopoeia (1898), in which he points out numerous errors that have come to his notice in the course of a necessarily restricted perusal of that work. His inspection seems to indicate that the errors are more numerous than one might reasonably expect in a work of a national character, the more so since some of them might have been avoided by reference to standard works or the current literature, or even by simple experiments. The Committee of Revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia have long recognized the value of observations or criticisms pointing out defects or improvements in the official descriptions and formulas, and has accordingly gratuitously published from time to time a "Digest of Criticisms," embodying such observations, for the convenience of the medical and

pharmaceutical bodies, and all others interested in the work; but in Great Britain such work has at best been only fragmentary. In the broad spirit of giving an initiative to such a work, Dr. Power has communicated his present paper, which embraces a long list of subjects in which he has detected errors and gives such observations concerning them as he has been able to gather from the current literature. The subjects so considered number more than sixty, and embrace organic and mineral acids, alkaloids, ethers, volatile oils, and saline compounds in large variety, which may be consulted with profit in Trans. Brit. Pharm. Conf., 1900, 316–353.

Victorian Pharmaceutical Formulary of Unofficial Preparations.Compiled under the authority of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australasia for use in Victoria, with the object of securing uniformity in dispensing.

The following suggestion is also made by the society: Avoid making use of fancy or coined names, such as tabloid for tablet, lanoline for wool fat, hazeline for witch hazel, vaseline for petroleum jelly, etc. This avoids monopoly by any one firm, and all these preparations are made of official or other recognized standard by different firms. The letters "P. F." and "N. F." following some of the formulas denote that they have been taken from the "Pharmaceutical Formulas" published by the "Chemist and Druggist" and the "National Formulas," respectively.

Syr. Hypophos. Co.-Calcii hypophos., 3i, gr. iv; Potass. hypophos., 3ii, gr. viii; Sod. hypophos., 3ii, gr. viii; Strychnine hydrochl., gr. iv; Ferri pyrophos., 3i; Quin. hydrochlor., gr. xxxii; Sacch. alb. xtal, q. s. Dissolve the first three ingre ients in the smallest quantity of cold water and the ferri pyrophos. in 3i of warm water; mix the solutions and filter through kaolin. Dissolve the quin. HCl and strych. HCl in 3 i diluted alcohol. Make a strong syrup to allow for solutions, and clarify by white of an egg or felt filtering bag (and kaolin), and add enough to produce 3lxiv of syr.

Syr. Quinine Hydrobrom.—Quinine hydrobrom., gr. lxxx; Ac. hydrobrom. dil., 3iii; Syrup aurantii (B. P. 1898), ad 3 x. Dose, 3 to 3ii in water.

Mist. Pepsina Co. c. Bismutho.-Pepsin (scales 1-3000). gr. cclvi; Tr. nucis vom. (B. P., 1898), x, mxl; Ac. hydrocyan. dil., 3iv, Mxvi; Liq. carmini, 3 ss; Aq. puræ, 3 viii; Liq. bismuthi, ad xvi. Dissolve the pepsin in the water, and add the liq. carmini last. Filter per talc if necessary. Each 3i dose contains: Pepsin, gr. ii; Tr. nuc. vom., mv; Ac. hydrocyan. dil., mii. Dose, 3ss to 3i in water. N. B. Liq. carmini must be filtered perfectly bright before use.

Liq. carmini.-Carmine, gr. xx; Liq. ammon. fort, Mxx; Glycerin, 3i; Alcohol, 90 vel. sp. v. rect., 3i; A, aq. 3i. Dissolve carmine in water and ammonia, filter, and add glycerin last.

Liq. Pepticus. Pepsin (scales 1-3000), 3iv; Ac. hydrochlor, dil., 3iii; Glycerin, 3iii; Alcohol (90 per cent.), i; Ess. rennet, 3 viii; Aq., ad 3xx. Dose, 3i. Filter through talc if necessary.

Essentia Rennet.

Rennet (freed from salts and chopped fine), 3 vi; Salt, 3 iv; Alcohol, 90 or s. v. rect., 3x; Aq., ad 3 xl. Macerate four days, add vin. xericum 3 v. After a day or two strain, and then add, Glyc. ac. tannic, gtt. x; Fuller's earth, 3i. Shake and set aside for a week. Decant clear sol. and filter the sediment.

Vin. Pepsina.-Pepsin (scales 1-3000), gr. cxxviii; Glycerin, 3i; Acid. hydrochlor.