6 P.M., granum or strained barley, in plain milk, ten to twelve ounces.

IO P.M., ten to twelve ounces of plain milk.

Diet from the Second to the Third Year.-7 A.M., cereal, bread and butter or toast or graham crackers. One glass of warm milk. Soft-boiled or poached egg every other day.

9 A.M., the juice of an orange.

IO A.M., a glass of warm milk or a cup of broth. 'A slice of stale bread or toast or graham crackers.

2 P.M., a cup of broth, if not given at the 10 o'clock meal. Scraped meat-steak, chop, chicken, beef, or lamb. Vegetables-any one of the following: potato, baked, mashed, boiled; boiled rice or macaroni, cooked with milk; green peas, spinach, string beans, or celery, cooked and mashed. Bread and butter. Dessert: rice pudding, junket, custard, stewed prunes, baked apple, or apple sauce.

6 P.M., cereal and milk, or milk toast, or bread and milk. Ten to fourteen ounces of milk may be taken at this meal.

Diet from the Third to the Sixth Year-Breakfast (7 to 8 A.M.).-Cereals, as oatmeal, hominy, cornmeal, cracked wheat, macaroni, and rice, well cooked and served with cream and sugar. Eggs in some form, except fried. Bread spread with little butter. Toast or graham crackers. One to two glasses of milk. Forbid hot bread, hot rolls or biscuit, and griddle cakes of any sort, tea and coffee.

Dinner (12 to I P.M.).-Broths and soups. Meats -preferably steak, chops, rare beef or lamb, and chicken. Fresh fish, broiled, boiled, or baked. Forbid ham, sausage, or pork of any kind. Also corned beef, game, duck, liver, stews, rich gravies, dressings for roast meat, salt and smoked fish, and fish balls. Vegetables-potato once daily with cream or beef juice, spinach, asparagus, green peas, string beans, stewed celery, squash, and new beets. Forbid cucumbers, green corn, cabbage, cauliflower, baked beans, turnips, old beets and carrots, raw celery, onions, fried potatoes, eggplant, and tomatoes. Dessert: baked apple, stewed prunes, oranges, rice, sago, tapioca and bread puddings without raisins, soft custard and junket, and ice cream occasionally. Forbid bananas, raw apples, cherries, berries of all kinds, and pineapples. Stewed pears and peaches, and ripe grapes, if seeds are removed, may be allowed. Forbid tea and coffee.

Supper (6 P.M.).—Cereal, or bread and crackers, and twelve ounces of milk.

Give plenty of water between meals. Forbid candy, nuts, cake, pies, tarts, and pastries, tea and coffee, at all times, and eating of any sort between meals, a most common and harmful habit. Enforce regularity at meals, taking plenty of time and slow eating of food. To avoid peculiar tastes as regards food, require that simple food be eaten, even if at first distasteful, and allow the food which is desired only after the child has eaten the distasteful article.

Condensed Milk.-Condensed milk is an improper food for continuous feeding of babies. When diluted, as it must be, it contains much too little fat and also too small an amount of the proteid matters which are the flesh-makers. The amount of sugar varies; in the fresh condensed milk there is five times the quantity which is found in the canned milks. Babies often gain in weight for a time, but are subject to scurvy, rickets, digestive troubles, and poor nutrition, if the condensed milk is fed for any length of time, while such infants are prone to contagious diseases and to ruptures. Therefore, for continuous feeding condensed milk is to be condemned unqualifiedly. On the other hand, if the quality of fresh cow's milk is uncertain, or if cow's milk does not agree, or if a journey of a few days is to be taken, condensed milk is an excellent substitute for a proper, fresh, cow's milk, used for but a short time. The directions on the cans usually call for too great dilution: thus, for a baby of one month, dilute one part with thirteen of barley water (Vol. II, p. 197); for a two-months baby, dilute with eleven parts of barley water; at three months, with ten parts of barley water; at four to six months, with eight parts of barley water; and for older children, dilute one part of condensed milk with six parts of barley water.

Patent or Proprietary Foods for Babies.-Such of these foods as contain starch, or starch which has been partially digested, are not suitable for feeding in the early months of infant life; used injudiciously, they

have been the cause of more disease among babies than perhaps any other one thing except impure milk. They are not essential, and should be avoided unless recommended by a physician. The baby's digestive apparatus is not sufficiently developed in the early months to digest starch, and in the later months strained barley and oatmeal gruels take the place of the infant foods. If the starch does not agree with the baby in the form of barley water, it can be predigested by the mother (Vol. II, p. 198) at less expense than by buying such in a patent food. Some of the patent foods are unfit for any baby, and all used unwisely are bad. Scurvy, rickets, and many forms of malnutrition and wasting disease result from the use of these foods.

Urging or bribing children to eat, or amusing them while at meals, are practices to be avoided as both useless and harmful. Such methods will not improve a poor appetite, and will inevitably encourage the tendency to play with the food. If the child eats poorly or will take only certain favorite kinds of foods, no amount of coaxing, story-telling, or even force will be of any use. If, when the proper food is placed before the child, he will not take it or complainingly dallies with it, remove it at once, give him nothing between meals, and repeat the same procedure at subsequent meals. Hunger will quietly and forcibly accomplish what cajoling and talk never will, and the child will soon come to recognize the proper times and sorts of foods as the only ones.

CHAPTER V

Diseases of Children

Camon Disorders of Infants-Fevers-Enlarged Glands-Rickets -Holding the Breath-St. Vitus's Dance—Spinal Diseases -Bowlegs and Knock-knees.

THE larger number of diseases of children are common to adults as well, and may be found in other parts of the book by consulting the index. Special mention has been made of any peculiarities of these diseases which may occur in children.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BREASTS IN THE NEWBORN.-This is not uncommon. The breasts of either girl or boy babies become swollen and tender, and a few drops of thin milk may exude from them. Ordinarily the child's temperature is not above normal, nor is the appetite disturbed, and these cases subside without causing any trouble.

The breasts should be gently and thoroughly washed with soap and warm water, and then covered with a few layers of cheese cloth, which has been wet in a warm solution of boric acid (a teaspoonful in half a pint of water), and then with oil silk and a flannel band about the chest, with shoulder straps to keep it in place. A fresh, wet application should be applied daily.