VI. EDUCATIONAL METHODS AND AGENCIES

1. Special literature for general distribution.

2. Exhibits and lectures.

3. The press.

4. Educational work of the nurse.

5. Labor organizations.

6. Instruction in schools of all grades.

7. Presentation and discussion of leaflets awarded prizes by the congress.

VII. PROMOTION OF IMMUNITY

1. Development of the conception of physical well-being.

2. Measures for increasing resistance to disease:

a. Parks and playgrounds.

b. Outdoor sports.

c. Physical education.

d. Raising the standards of living: housing, diet, cleanliness. 3. Individual immunity and social conditions favorable to general immunity.

VIII. RESPONSIBILITY OF SOCIETY FOR TUBERCULOSIS

1. A symposium of representative

a. Citizens.

b. Social workers.

c. Employers.

d. Employees.

e. Physicians.

f. Nurses.

g. Educators.

h. Others.

Cash prizes of one thousand dollars each are offered: (1) for the best evidence of effective work in the prevention or relief of tuberculosis by any voluntary association since 1905; (2) for the best exhibit of a sanatorium for working classes; (3) for the best exhibit of a furnished home for the poor, designed primarily to prevent, but also to permit the cure of tuberculosis.

A white-plague scrapbook containing news items, articles, and photographs will prove an interesting aid to self-education or to instruction of children, working girls' clubs, or

BOSTON FIGHTS TUBERCULOSIS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-D, F, H-J, private hospitals and agencies reporting cases to the official center; E, home care; K, L, M, day camp and hospitals for incipient and advanced cases

mothers' meetings. Everybody ought to enlist in this war, for the fight against tuberculosis is a fight for cleanliness

and for vitality, for a fair chance against environmental conditions prejudicial to efficient citizenship.

So sure is the result and so immediate the duty of every citizen that Dr. Biggs wrote in 1907: In no other direction can such large results be achieved so certainly and at such relatively small cost. The time is not far distant when those states and municipalities which have not adopted a comprehensive plan for dealing with tuberculosis will be regarded as almost criminally negligent in their administration of sanitary affairs and inexcusably blind to their own best economic interests.

CHAPTER XXV

THE FIGHT FOR CLEAN MILK

"With the approval of the President and with the cooperation of the Department of Agriculture, the [national quarantine] service has undertaken to prepare a complete report upon the milk industry from farm to the consumer in its relation to the public health." This promise of the United States Treasury insures national attention to the evils of unclean milk and to the sanitary standards of farmer and consumer. Nothing less than a national campaign can make the vivid impression necessary to wean dairymen of uncleanly habits and mothers of the ignorant superstition that babies die in summer just because they are babies. When two national bureaus study, learn, and report, newspapers will print their stories on the first page, magazines will herald the conclusions, physicians will open their minds to new truths, state health secretaries will carry on the propaganda, demagogues and quacks will become less certain of their short-cut remedies, and everybody will be made to think.

The evolution of this newly awakened national interest in clean milk follows the seven stages and illustrates the seven health motives presented in Chapter II. I give the story of Robert M. Hartley because he began and prosecuted his pure-milk crusade in a way that can be duplicated in any country town or small city.

Robert M. Hartley was a strong-bodied, strong-minded, country-bred man, who started church work in New York City almost as soon as he arrived. He distributed religious

1 Libraries should obtain all reports on milk, Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D.C.

tracts among the alleys and hovels that characterized lower New York in 1825. Meeting drunken men and women one after another, he first wondered whether they were helped by tracts, and then decided that the mind befogged with alcohol was unfit to receive the gospel message. Then for fifteen years he threw himself into a total-abstinence crusade, distributing thousands of pamphlets, calling in one

FIGHTING INFANT MORTALITY BY A SCHOOL FOR MOTHERS IN THE HEART OF NEW YORK CITY, JUNIOR SEA BREEZE

year at over four thousand homes to teach the industrial and moral reasons for total abstinence. Finally, he began to wonder whether back of alcoholism there was not still a dark closet that must be explored before men could receive the message of religion and self-control. So in 1843 he organized the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, which ever since has remembered how Hartley found alcoholism back of irreligion, and how back of alcoholism and poverty and ignorant indifference