Histories,' p. 335). Mazeras (Haute Vienne), Notre Dame de Sion, a congregation of women Mazeiras (Creuse), and Mazieras (Dordogne) for the instruction of converted Jews, and his are from maceries, a word denoting walled brother became the Abbé Théodore Ratisenclosures for vines (Names and their His-bonne. J. OGILVY FAIRLIE. tories, p. 336). Marnas (Drôme), Marnoz (Eure), and Marloz (Haute Saône) are from the French marne (Gaulish marga), dialectically marle and merle. Ecuras (Charente) is from the Low Latin scura, a "grange," also a "stable"; and so on with many more which space forbids me to specify. ISAAC TAYLOR. S. ANDREA DELLE FRATTE, ROME (9th S. ii. 168).-Under the heading 'Sion, Notre Dame de,' in the 'Dictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Théologie Catholique,' by Goschler, Paris, a full account of the conversion of Alphonse Ratisbonne will be found. In case B. W. S. may not have access to this work, the following notes may be of interest. Alphonse Ratisbonne was the son of a rich Jewish banker of Paris, born 1 May, 1814. He was engaged to be married to a cousin, Mlle. Flora Ratisbonne, who was but sixteen years of age, and he, being in delicate health, determined to travel to Naples, Malta, and the East previous to marriage. Starting in 1841, he reached Rome on 6 Jan., 1842. There he met Gustave de Bussière, a school companion and a Protestant, and by him he was introduced to his father, who was a convert to Catholicity, a most pious and wealthy man, who induced him to wear a medal of Our Lady and to say the 'Memorare' twice a day. He visited in the spirit of unbelief, &c., the churches and holy places in Rome. Just before eaving Rome he visited the then poor church t S. Andrea delle Fratte; there Our Lady ppeared to him, his doubts were dispelled, and his conversion completed. He was bap ized 31 Jan. by Cardinal Patrizzi, who was ssisted by R. P. de Villefort, S.J., who had nstructed him, and the Baron Théodore de Bussière was his sponsor, bestowing on him the ame of Mary Alphonsus. The miracle of the pparition was confirmed by a special decree f Gregory XVI., 3 June, 1842. The whole ccount is interesting and minute. Alphonse Ratisbonne founded the congregation of d'Alsace, qui se trouvait accidentellement à Rome, "Un juif appartenant à une très riche famille se promenant dans l'église de Saint Andrea delle Fratte pendant qu'on y faisait les préparatifs pour les obsèques de votre bon père [le Comte de La Ferronnays], s'y est converti subitement, comme saint Paul sur le chemin de Damas, par un de ces coups miraculeux de la puissance et de la bonté divines. Il se trouvait debout en face d'une chapelle dédiée à l'Ange gardien, à quelques pas, lorsque tout à coup qui lui a fait signe d'aller vers cette chapelle. Une il a eu une apparition lumineuse de la sainte Vierge, force irrésistible l'y a entraîné; il y est tombé à genoux, et il a été à l'instant chrétien. Sa première parole à celui qui l'avait accompagné a été, en relevant son visage inondé de larmes: 'Il faut que ce monsieur ait beaucoup prié pour moi.' Thus, on 22 Jan., 1842, wrote Abbé Gerbet to Mrs. Augustus Craven, in whose 'Récit d'une Sœur the letter may be read, vol. ii. pp. 312-14. The Jew was Alphonse Ratisbonne, son of a rich banker of Strasburg; His age was twenty-eight; he was engaged to be married to a young Jewess; 66 tous ses intérêts temporels devaient empêcher sa conversion, et ses idées juives, jointes à un certain indifférentisme pour les pratiques religieuses, s'y opposaient aussi." M. Ratisbonne's friend Baron de Bussière and Comte Théobald Walsh published further details of this miracle of grace. Hare says that it is annually commemorated in S. Andrea delle Fratte ('Walks in Rome,' i. 79). ST. SWITHIN. but judging from other foundations, if there were any such arms, they would probably consist of the armorial bearings of Clare (Or, three chevronels gu.) surmounted by the pastoral staff. CHEVRON. EDITION (9th S. ii. 265).-The Publishers' Association in December last issued a report of the Committee on Title-pages, which unanimously agreed to the following recommendations. To some extent they are being acted upon, but not with that unanimity which is desirable : (1) Date. (a) That the title-page of every book should bear the date of the year of publication, i. e., of the year in which the impression, or the reissue, of which it forms a part, was first put on the market. (b) That when stock is reissued in a new form, the title-page should bear the date of the new issue, and each copy should be described as reissue," either on the title-page or in a bibliographical note. (c) That the date at which a book was last revised should be indicated either on the title-page or in a bibliographical note. (2) Bibliographical Note. That the bibliographical note should, when possible, be printed on the back of the title-page, in order that it may not be separated therefrom in binding. (3) Impression, Edition, Reissue. That for bibliographical purposes definite mean: ings should be attached to these words when used on a title-page, and the following are recommended: Impression.-A number of copies printed at any one time. When a book is reprinted without change it should be called a new impression, to distinguish it from an edition as defined below. avoided in the Aberdeen University Library, where the slips on which borrowers ask for books are arranged in drawers in the order Q. V. of press-marks. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. LVI. (Smith, Elder & Co.) NEITHER very long nor very numerous are the con tributions of the editor to the latest volume of the great national undertaking now, under his admirable direction, approaching completion. They remain models for other contributors to follow, and one or two of them have exceptional value and importance. One would scarcely have expected Thomas Thorpe, the publisher, a man of little reputation and less merit, to come into the editor's hands. As it happens, however, he has won such undeserved honours, and the bioagraphy is one of the most important in the volume. Thorpe's chief claim upon remembrance is the publication (furtive in a sense) in 1609 of Shak speare's sonnets, and their dedication to Mr. W. H. as the "only begetter." Reams of paper have been written on the question whether these initials stood for William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, or, by a reversal of the letters, for Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. Wholly unprepared should we be to reopen a discussion with which every student of Shakspearian literature is familiar. Mr. Lee now dismisses into the limbo of the vanities both ascriptions, and holds that the "only begetter of the sonnets" was the only procurer of the MS. volume in which they appeared. Mr. W. H. is held to be William Hall, an obscure stationer, engaged at the time in "the irresponsible rôle of procurer for pub lication." Far too wide is the question to be deal with in a notice of the volume. We can but con gratulate Mr. Lee upon the ingenuity and the hardihood of the conjecture and upon the curious erudition by which the ascription is supported. We agree with Mr. Lee that the title-page Shakspeare's Sonnets' is "a tradesmanlike collocation of words" prohibitive of all idea of Shakspeare being associated with the publication. The assumption that Mr. Lee is right in his main contention leads one to smile at the waste of intellect that has been wit nessed in the attempt to bolster up previous theories. Sir William Temple, 1555-1627, not to b confounded with his later and better-known name sake, is also treated by Mr. Lee, who has obtained access to MS. information concerning a man wh was secretary in 1585 to Sir Philip Sidney, and i whose arms that hero died. Three Throckmorton -Francis, 1554-1584, executed at Tyburn; Morton "Puritan, 1545-1601; and Sir Nicholas, 1515-71, dipl matist-are in the hands of Mr. Lee, who casts doul on the charge that the last named met his death b poison administered by the Earl of Leicester. Wi liam Thynne, the editor of Chaucer, and Edmun Tilney, died 1610, complete the list of Mr. Lee contributions. The name of most literary intere in the volume, which extends from Teach to Tolle will, in the opinion of most readers, be held to Edition.-An impression in which the matter has undergone some change, or for which the type has been reset. Reissue. A republication at a different price, or in a different form, of part of an impression which has already been placed on the market. (4) Localisation. When the circulation of an impression of a book is limited by agreement to a particular area, that each copy of that impression should bear a conspicuous notice to that effect. WM. H. PEET. ELEANORA DI TOLEDO (9th S. ii. 169).—Don Pietro di Toledo, 1484, son of Don Federigo di Toledo, second Duke of Alva, and Isabella Zuniga, daughter of the Duke of Bedmar. Don Pietro, known as "the Great Toreador," Viceroy of Naples, married Donna Maria Osoria, Marchioness of Villafranca, granddaughter and heiress of the Count of Benevento. Eleonora di Toledo, their daughter, married Cosimo di Medici, April (?), 1539. ST. CLAIR BADDELEY. BOOK-BORROWING (9th S. ii. 66, 119, 231).The trouble of blocks and the ledger-searching referred to by CANON FOWLER are both Alfred Tennyson. The great poet is reverentiall delicately, and appreciatively treated by Cand Ainger. The literary estimate and the record ali commend themselves to the reader. Almost the on fault we can find is that the biography is perhaps smith,' the title of which, we are free to confess, too short. Canon Ainger refrains from criticism, led us to expect a short story. It is to Goldsmith, though he is communicative as to the reception the author of 'The Vicar of Wakefield,' that Mrs. awarded by the public to successive works. The Spear draws attention, and not to some worker in biography is very interesting. It is characteristic the precious metals in Genoa or Turin. Salvatore of the amiable and accomplished biographer that Farina is the novelist held worthy of a comparison the less pleasing aspects of the immortal poet (and that Britons must regard as honouring. Pleasant he had such) do not appear. Is it quite accurate to and readable enough is the article, but the transsay that the drama of The Foresters' is "as yet lated passages fail to convey to us, who do not unpublished"? We have now before us a copy know the author's works, an idea of the resemwith the name of Macmillan, New York and blance on which Mrs. Spear dwells. Mr. John F. London, as publishers, and the date 1892. Of Taylor, Q.C., draws a parallel between 'Bismarck scarcely inferior interest from any point of view, and Richelieu,' in which the balance of favour is on and of even greater interest from one, is the life the side of Richelieu. Ouida has, under the head of Thackeray by his son-in-law, Leslie Stephen. Canicide,' one of her vigorous protests against our This is the longest biography in the volume, and is treatment of animals. She tells some very shocking eminently judicious and readable. Mr. Stephen and almost incredible stories, and is once more in has the courage to say that the action of Thackeray grim earnest. Mr. Demetrius C. Boulger sends an which led to Edmund Yates quitting the Garrick article on 'Twelve Years' Work on the Congo,' showClub was "injudicious." It was no less. So popular ing what has been done by the King of the Belgians was Thackeray with the members of the club in his in the way of founding a "Black Empire." The time that the fight between the two men, even Congo region is described as twenty-three times though Yates was championed by Dickens, was the size of Belgium. The approaching visit of the unequal. In writing the life Mr. Stephen has, it Emperor William to Palestine is dealt with by may be supposed, had access to all the material one who elects to remain anonymous, and who which Mrs. Ritchie is employing in her biographical dwells on the political significance of the underedition of her father's works. Thackeray was a taking. A Diary at Santiago' is by Mr. Frederick great club man. Apart from the more important W. Ramsden, lately British Consul for the Province clubs of which he was a member, the Athenæum, of Santiago de Cuba, and is accompanied by a map. the Garrick, and the Reform, some of the smaller According to the statements made, it took in the clubs he helped to form are in a sense alive, and a bombardment fifteen tons of metal for every man few unpublished trifles of his throwing off in con- killed.-Still slighter than the space allotted to nexion with them could with some difficulty be literature in the Fortnightly is that in the Ninetraced. A great amount of important work has teenth Century, wherein Prof. St. George Mivart, once more been assigned to Mr. Thomas Seccombe, dealing with Helbeck of Bannisdale,' takes a view by whom it is ably and conscientiously done. Among of the book widely different from that previously many excellent biographies by Mr. Seccombe are expounded in the same magazine by Father Clarke. the Sir William Temple, Bonnell Thornton, John The most amusing paper in the number is the Thelwall, reformer and lecturer, and James Thom- species of apology for the French by Sir Hubert son of 'Seasons' fame. This last is the most im- Jerningham. Sir Hubert's observations are based portant of the sub-editor's articles. Mr. Seccombe on Mr. Bodley's recently published work on France. holds that in the possession of the true poetic Very difficult is it for the Anglo-Saxon race to temperament Thomson has not been surpassed even understand the French, or for the French to underby Tennyson. He is far from regarding the poetical stand the Anglo-Saxon. "They give it up and call product of the two men as equal. A biography to us hypocrites. We give them up and call them which our readers will naturally turn is that of frivolous. Both terms are inexact." Mr. Sidney W. J. Thoms, the founder of 'N. & Q. This is sym- Low asks 'Should Europe Disarm?' and seems athetically written by Mr. E. I. Carlyle. Miss disposed to answer, "Not yet." He has a serious Kate Norgate has an admirable life of Thomas à complaint against that pestilent personage the Becket. Tillotson is treated by the Rev. Alexander modern military and naval inventor, whom he Gordon. Under Theobald, Thurstan, &c., many describes as a cosmopolitan nuisance." Lady minently satisfactory lives by the Rev. W. Hunt Wimborne's article on The Ritualist Conspiracy' will be found. Mr. Stanley Lane Poole deals, describes itself in its title. Mr. Henry de Mosenunder Temple, with Lord Palmerston, the Prime thal writes a life of Alfred Nobel, 'The Inventor of linister. Mr. C. H. Firth is still concerned with Dynamite.' The story of the invention is very egicides and others of the Commonwealth period. interesting. Mr. William Sharp concludes "The Ir. Fraser Rae writes on Richard Tickell. Mr. Art Treasures of America.' The Hon. Walter Thomas Bayne, Mr. H. R. Tedder, Mr. Aitken, Mr. Rothschild has a good paper on 'The Birds of the hurton Collins, Mr. Thompson Cooper, Mr. Lionel Bass Rock.' 'The Story of Murat and Bentinck' ust, Mr. W. P. Courtney, Mr. F. M. O'Dowd, Dr. lets one into some diplomatic secrets. Sir Herbert orman Moore, Mr. Henry Davey, and Miss Lee are Maxwell writes on Tuberculosis in Man and Beast.' few only of those whose contributions deserve a A very important paper is that by the Moulvie otice considerations of space forbid us to accord Rafiüddin Ahmad on The Battle of Omdurman and the Mussulman World.'-The frontispiece to the Century consists of a reproduction of Hoppner's exquisite Countess of Bedford.' A capital account by M. Armand Dayot of Edouard Detaille follows. Detaille, presenting that eminent painter in a quite This has some wonderfully fine illustrations by new light. His sketches are full of life and chaTHE only distinctly literary paper in the Fort-racter, and have in some cases marvellous humour. ghtly consists of Mrs. Spear's An Italian Gold- Another of Gilbert Stuart's Portraits of Women' nem. MR. T. FISHER UNWIN has reprinted, in a shilling Bition, Scott's Fortunes of Nigel, with the author's troduction slightly abridged and his notes, tother with a frontispiece presenting Margaret msay in her page's dress. is given, and consists of a striking picture of Mrs. George Plumstead. Able designs are furnished to an article called 'The Pony Express,' describing a bold and dangerous experiment. Personal and Collected Impressions' of Bismarck are sent by Mr. W. M. Sloane, with a fine portrait. Home of the Indolent' is the title assigned by Mr. Frank D. Millet to a description of the isle of Capri. The Oxford and Cambridge Race' includes, in addition, Henley Regatta, which is not in the title. The illustrations by Mr. Joseph Pennell are good, though one or two of them are so badly taken off as to be almost unintelligible. The author of 'The Cat and the Cherub' sends 'The Yellow Burgee: a Yarn of the Spanish War.'-Once more Scribner's is almost wholly occupied with papers upon wars, recent or remote. The stories, even, are concerned with volunteering, and the social article is represented by Afloat for News in War Time.' The New York Day: Evening' is, however, peaceful, and shows that life in New York is pretty much the same as in London. Aline Gorren writes on 'American Popularity.' We have read her paper with interest, but cannot understand its title. It is rather concerning American unpopularity that she writes. The frontispiece to the Pall Mall consists of an etching after Meissonier's fine picture The Sentinel.' Antiquarian interest attends both the letterpress and the designs of 'How the Dukes of Coburg Hunted Three Hundred Years Ago.' Holland House is described by the Hon. Caroline Roche, and is accompanied with "special" and most interesting photographs. The Land of the Lord of the White Elephant,' by Mr. John Foster Fraser, is also accompanied by photographs. It is disappointing to find that the author, though he has seen a dead donkey, has never, in spite of his advantages, contemplated a white elephant. There seems to be none to contemplate. Sir Walter Besant continues his 'South London,' and Mr. Quiller Couch his From a Cornish Window.' America and the English Language' is a thoughtful and suggestive paper by Mr. Archer.-In Fights for the Flag,' in the Cornhill, the Rev. W. H. Fitchett depicts the two famous cavalry charges in the Crimea. The Baron de Malortie supplies a few-a very few'Bismarckiana.' The First Lady Novelist,' by Miss C. J. Hamilton, deals with Aphra Behn. The writer says that her first tragedy was "taken from the French novel of La Calprenède." This sounds as if La Calprenède was a novel instead of a novelist, Miss Hamilton would have avoided mistakes had she said from an episode in La Cléopatre' of La Calprenède. Mr. Michael MacDonagh writes amusingly on Great Men: their Simplicity and Ignorance.' The Etchingham Letters' are agreeably continued. Dr. Hillier sends to Macmillan's a picture of Alpine travelling entitled 'My First Mountain. To all but a professed mountaineer is very creepy. "The Siege of Denbigh,' by Mr. A. G. Bradley, is a capital historical sketch. A Grandmother's Tales' are agreeable and altogether noteworthy. Private Hook, V.C.,' is a record of remarkable heroism.-"The Love Story of Lucy Hutchinson' is told afresh in Temple Bar. It is said that the life "is on the long list of good books more often alluded to than read," which we sincerely hope is not true. A very readable account is given of the city of Laon, a place which, like Amiens, many people pass and few see. O'Higgins: Dictator of Chili,' is a true history. In the Gentleman's Mr. W. J. Johnston turns back it to Charles Reade and his Books,' a subject of unfailing interest. Mr. Bradbrook writes satisfactorily on 'Parish Registers.' Mr. St. Clair writes on 'The Argonautic Expedition.' A Basketful of Dropped H's' is philological.-Under the title of 'An Unsolved Mystery' Major Martin Hume sends to the English Illustrated an account of the murder of Sir Edmondbury Godfrey. "The Early Home of our Princess' deals with royalty in Denmark, and, of course, refers to the Queen of Denmark as still living. Count Hatzfeldt and the German Embassy' is illustrated by photographsA. K. H. B. writes in Longman's Concerning Peopl who Disappointed One.' Mr. Rider Haggard co tinues A Farmer's Year,' and Mr. W. H. Hudson writes on 'Branscombe and its Birds.'-Chapman's is once more entirely composed of fiction. THERE is nothing in the Antiquary for September that calls for any especial comment. The most interesting feature in it continues to be Notes of the Month.' This part of the magazine is exceedingly well done; but of late the longer articles have been of slight value to those who possess antiquarian tastes. There is an illustration given of a powder tester, in the possession of Mr. W. B. Red fern. We believe that these objects are becoming very rare, and we think that the publication this sketch may be the means of bringing othe: examples to light. Magazine the number of which for September is WE wish that we could praise the Genealogien before us-but it is impossible to do so. We hoped great things from it when it started, but it is dul for the learned nor the unlearned. and uninteresting as a rule, and is fitted neither WE hear with regret of the death, in his seventy seventh year, at his residence, 77, Brunswick Square, W.C., of our old contributor Dr. Mauric Davis, J.P. Particulars of his distinguished caree will doubtless appear in the medical papers i which he wrote. His ripe and varied eruditio was always at the disposal of our contributors. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the follow notices: ON all communications must be written the nat and address of the sender, not necessarily for p lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. We cannot undertake to answer queries private To secure insertion of communications con spondents must observe the following rule. each note, query, or reply be written on a separ slip of paper, with the signature of the writer such address as he wishes to appear. Corresp ents who repeat queries are requested to head second communication "Duplicate." T. R. F. M. ("N. or M. in Church Services See 5th S. vii. 80; x. 513; 7th S. iii. 105, 217, 315, v. 513; vi. 113. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be address "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Adver ments and Business Letters to "The Publisher at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane! We beg leave to state that we decline to re communications which, for any reason, we do print; and to this rule we can make no excepti MOTTOES and INSCRIPTIONS on HOUSES. A HEALTH RESORT in the TYROL. BEGGARS I HAVE KNOWN-A MOTLEY CREW. PLANTS and their SERVANTS. CANINE CUSTOMS. CHARACTER TESTS. CHINESE EMBROIDERY. FASHIONS. HOAXES. HOUSEHOLD GARDENING. JUDGE JEFFREYS. LINKS with the PAST. LONGFELLOW at HOME. SAXON SWITZERLAND. SECRET HIDING-PLACES. The DUTCHMAN at HOME. The FAMILY DOCTOR: The Dietary of Common The INDIAN VICEROYALTY. The TABLE: Fruit Foods. POETRY, ODDS and ENDS, CORRESPOND- London: JOSEPH SMITH & SON, 12, St. Bride Street, E. C. |