flats, which will, no doubt, be advertised in due course as eligible, commodious, and But flats of barrack-like uniformity they will be, nevertheless, and probably remain so until the end of the chapter.

writer evidently thinks that Charles II. hid
in the Boscobel Oak in May; whereas it was
during his wanderings after the battle of self-contained.
Worcester, which took place on 3 September.
Oak leaves were worn in memory of the
event on 29 May, 1660, upon which day,
being also his birthday, Charles II. made
his triumphal entrance into London at the
Restoration. They have been worn upon that
day ever since; but, of course, no one with
the least pretension to even a rudimentary
amount of historical knowledge supposes
that Charles was hidden in an oak tree in
May.

Kirton-in-Lindsey.
BACILLI-

FLORENCE PEACOCK.

"Which I look upon with contempt......likewise the Opinion of others who talk of infection being carried on by the Air only, by carrying with it vast numbers of Insects, and invisible Creatures, who enter into the Body with the Breath, or even at the Pores with the Air, and there generate or emit most accute Poisons, or poisonous Ovae, or Eggs, which mingle themselves with the Blood, and so infect the Body."-Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year.' FRED G. ACKERLEY.

Keighley.

"CHILD-BED PEw."--This unusual name for the "churching pew" occurs in the original entries of the Visitation of the Archdeacon of Canterbury, under date 1640. The churchwardens of Stourmouth, in Kent, presented their rector for refusing to church a woman "in the accustomed child-bed pew, as it is called, where the women of our parish have ever accustomarily and usually presented themselves to that end." It was situated "in the body of the church, towards the upper end, but not in the chancel." The rector required the woman to kneel "nigh unto the place where the table standeth," which was then the rubric. Wingham, Kent.

ARTHUR HUSSEY.

CHURCH ROW, HAMPSTEAD.-The disaster prophesied by many admirers has, alas overtaken this choice eighteenth-century street. The vandals are upon it with pickaxe and shovel, the onslaught being made upon its northern side. The speculative and voracious builder is now hard at work hacking away at his first victims, namely, that delightful old garden and house which stood to the immediate right as one entered from busy Heath Street. The neighbour is also doomed, its walls already crumbling beneath the weight not of age, but of destiny. Presently from behind poles and scaffolds will rise the inevitable block of

Where will the next attack be made? is the question upon many anxious lips just now It is impossible to say. From indications, however, I am disposed to think that the buildings on the opposite side will next receive unwelcome attention, as there are several hateful notice-boards up. Or that very tempting gap close to the old parish churchyard may be coveted. It is sad to consider how the efforts of vestries, trusts, and private individuals have failed to rescue this altogether unique spot from the hands of the despoiler. The result illustrates very forcibly how futile are the protests of an honest sentiment and veneration when unallied with the more persuasive charms of lucre. Nor is it possible to conceive how, with the best intentions in the world, any architect can preserve the character" favourite argument this with the apologists of our quaint, incomparable Church Row. Think of such an attempt, and despair! CECIL CLARKE.

Authors' Club, S.W.

-a

"ROUGH."-This word, as an abbreviation of "ruffian," is stated generally to have got into the English language about the year 1870. The editors of the 'H. E. D.' may be glad to know that it is quite ten years older. Lord Shaftesbury, in the House of Lords on 24 Feb., 1860, spoke of "the class called roughs-the most violent, disorderly, and dangerous of all the men in that very quarter" (Hansard,' clvi. 1682).

Hastings.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

"CORDWAINER" AND QUARTERLY REVIEW.' article called 'Prehistoric Arts and Crafts.' -The Quarterly Review for April contains an That article, at p. 414, has a description of the still existing relics of the lake-dwellings of the neolithic period, and contains the following passage :-

"Scraps of fishing-nets have come to light, show. ing the identical stitch still in use; and so too have hanks of rope and twine, these latter, except for their being burnt to blackness, looking as new and untouched as if just come from the hands of the cordwainer" [italics mine].

Here it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the writer of the article thought that the word cordwainer means a maker of cords. But all the dictionaries to which I have

access state that this word means a shoe- "Zumarraga." All this set me thinking, and maker, that is, one who works in cordwain, I ultimately discovered that not only these, which latter word is a modification of cordo- but a vast number of other place and personal van, a kind of leather formerly prepared at names of Northern Spain, originally accented Cordova; and the said dictionaries support upon the penultimate, had of late years transthis view by sundry quotations in prose and ferred the stress to the preceding syllable. verse from writers of authority. Well, which I have already given a list of some of these is right, the dictionaries or the Quarterly in 'N. & Q.'(8th S. vii. 412), but as the subject reviewer? If the latter has blundered, I is one of the greatest interest to every think he ought to be just a little ashamed of student of Spanish, I may be pardoned for himself. PATRICK MAXWELL. Bath. adding (what I have not before stated) that this transference of accent in names did not from the capital, where, besides names, it affects most of the longer nouns and adjectives begin in the Basque provinces, but is derived in the language. Every one who speaks stances of words marked parorytone in the dictionaries, but popularly pronounced as Spanish must have come across some in

MANILA.-Hitherto the principal result to us of the Spanish-American war has been a general diffusion of knowledge of the proper spelling of this town. The Spectator, however, continues to substitute for the placename the Spanish word for a bracelet, manilla, the Spanish pronunciation of which would be very different from that of Manila. Parorytones. To illustrate how far the Must we wait for a bombardment of the peak well known in Spain, in which Hartzenbusch of Tenerife to knock out of it for good the satirizes the fashion and gives many exmischief has gone I may quote some lines, superfluous f that we are in the habit of inserting The circumstances which would amples :dock the unmeaning s which we stick to the tail of Lyon and Marseille are too terrible to contemplate. KILLIGREW.

Hay gente que dice cólega,
Y epigrama, estalactita,
Pupitre, méndigo, sútiles,
Hóstiles, córola, y aúriga,
Se oye a muchisimos périto,
Y alguno pronuncia mámpara,
Diploma, erudito, pérfume,
Particularly noteworthy here are Sabedra,
Pérsiles, Tíbulo, y Sábedra.
the surname of the immortal author of 'Don
Quixote,' usually written Saavedra, and Per-
siles, the hero of one of his minor works.
Like all the others, these were originally
accented on the second syllable from the end.
JAMES PLATT, Jun.

ACCENT IN SPANISH.--There are plenty of second-rate Spanish grammars in English. Perhaps the only one of the first class is Knapp's, yet even Knapp has no mention of the curious and most important law of accent to which I am about to draw attention. Years ago I noticed that, although the correct pronunciation of the name Iturbide is with the penultimate accent, as I have marked it, nevertheless many Spaniards call it Itúrbide. I inquired the reason of my friend the late Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte, but he was of a surname in quite modern times has GEORGE OLD.-An example of the creation as far from suspecting it as I was, and could recently come to my knowledge. It is, I only suggest that it had been influenced by think, sufficiently curious to be recorded in the adjective túrbido. personally visited Spain that I acquired the do not know) a man came to this town seekIt was not till I 'N. & Q.' Many years ago (the exact date I clue to this and many another riddle which ing work. He was engaged by a farmer, at turned out to be connected with it. The first first for a short period only during a busy place I stopped at was San Sebastian, and time, but as he turned out to be hard working one of the first things I did was to ask of and trustworthy, he stayed from month to a man I met, who bore a characteristically month and year to year. Spanish name, how he pronounced it. He his name nor whence he came-indeed, he replied, "Andonégui," and then, correcting rarely spoke at all. Perhaps it was in conseHe never told himself, "No," he said, "it should be Andó-quence of this that the neighbours came to negui." Later I journeyed further by rail, and as the train drew up at one of the larger stations I overheard an exchange of sentences between two men in the same compartment. What is this place?' "Zumarraga," answered the other. But the demanded one. word was scarcely out of his mouth when the official on the platform called out distinctly

66

the conclusion that he was a Frenchman. This, whether true or false, seems to have been on their part a mere guess. As some designation was required for one who was George. When at last, from age and infirmity, often spoken of, he was soon nicknamed Old he could no longer work, he became chargeable to the parish, and was sent to end his

chronicles without finding this journey recorded in any. If any reader could afford the reference it would oblige me.. Failing its discovery, it would appear to have been contained in one of those chronicles which have been lost.

THE EGYPTIAN KITE.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' tell me where I can find a satisfactory sketch of the hedaije, or Egyptian kite, which is so constantly seen circling about in the air over Cairo? I want it with outspread wings, it being especially the form or outline of the wing which I desire.

THE REV. GEORGE LEWIS.-Can any one give me information about this clergyman, who was living in 1719? Was he in any way connected with Madras or with the East India Company?

BERNARD P. SCATTERGOOD.

19, Grove Road, Harrogate.

LADY ARAMINTHA ROBARTES.-To whom and when was Lady Aramintha Robartes (daughter of John, Lord Robartes, first Earl Radnor) married, and had the pair any children?