made nor broke the magazine. But it did greatly augment the reputation of the author; and the "Luck of Roaring Camp," with other articles in the same vein, gave it a reputation abroad as well as at home. Soon after the "Heathen Chinee" appeared, a single news firm in New York was taking twelve hundred copies of each number of the OVER

LAND.

Mr. Harte has himself given a humorous account of the incidents attending the publication and reception of the "Luck of Roaring Camp," in the initial volume of his works recently published-an account which certainly justified the doubts of his three friends about any certain standard of literary judgment here at that time:

"But the troubles of the 'Luck,' were far from ended. It had secured an entrance into the world, but, like its own hero, it was born with an evil reputation, and to a community which had yet to learn to love it. The secular press, with one or two exceptions, received it coolly, and referred to its 'singularity'; the religious press frantically excommunicated it, and anathematized it as the offspring of evil; the high promise of the OVERLAND MONTHLY was said to have been ruined by its birth; Christians were cautioned against pollution by its contact; practical business men were gravely urged to condemn and frown upon this picture of Californian society that was not conducive to eastern immigration; its hapless author was held up to obloquy, as a man who had abused a sacred trust. If its life and reputation had depended on its reception in California, this edition and explanation would alike have been needless."

Yet it is only just to affirm that the author's genius was first recognized in California, and long before this article had appeared; and that even here there was another judgment, more critical and sharply discriminating, which heartily appreciated the "Luck." That judgment went before any eastern expression-the latter only coming as so much confirming testimony.

Mr. Harte made regular monthly contributions to the OVERLAND during nearly the

entire period of his editorial supervision. The first volume of his recently published works, entitled "Poetical Works, including the Drama of the Two Men at Sandy Bar," is made up from the articles which appeared in the OVERLAND. The "Sandy Bar" story appears, however, as a dramatized version. "The Luck of Roaring Camp" is the title to the second volume of the revised edition, and a large part of this is also occupied with stories which were contributed to the OVERLAND, including "The Outcasts of Poker Flat"; "Miggles"; "Tennessee's Partner"; "The Idyl of Red Gulch"; and "Brown of Calaveras." A considerable number of stories, also published during that time in the OVERLAND, including "A Passage in the Life of Mr. John Oakhurst,” make up the third volume, entitled "Tales of the Argonauts." Mr. Harte's editorial supervision of the OVERLAND MONTHLY continued for two and a half years, and they were by far the most fruitful years of his life. His best literary work had been done in connection with the OVERLAND; and that is today the broadest and most solid foundation of his reputation. He has written much since and well, but not better than he wrote in those early days when the freshness of this local inspiration was upon him.

The early success of the OVERLAND soon made it evident that there was no lack of available writers in California. Harte had himself touched the key-note of a fresh, free, and unconventional style. It was essentially his own, and he would have no imitators. But every one should follow in his own order, with an intense naturalism which he might draw from the soil, the atmosphere, or from any other source, so that it had a local flavor which would be recognized as Californian. And so it came that the best literary life and spirit of the Pacific coast was represented in the OVERLAND. The new commonwealth of letters in this "far-off country" had a definiteness never known before. Men and women wrote out of the fullness and freshness of an abounding life. The drawers of the magazine were always full of good articles, and many really good ones could not

appear for lack of room. This affluence, in a land held abroad to be well nigh sterile in the matter of literary production, was one of the surprising facts brought out prominently by the OVERLAND.

Not only did Harte's contributions form nearly the entire staple of three large volumes afterwards published, but the contributions of other writers finally took shape in published volumes. Ina D. Coolbrith's poems were the basis of a book entitled "A Perfect Day." W. C. Bartlett, preserving the title of his first article to the OVERLAND, gave it to the volume, "A Breeze from the Woods," comprising his later contributions to the magazine. Benjamin P. Avery's contributions on "Summering in the Sierra" were the foundation of his book (published after his death), "Sierra Pictures." Clarence King, at that time connected with the Geological Survey, contributed articles on mountaineering, which afterwards took form in a volume, "Mountaineering in the Sierra." Charles Warren Stoddard's contributions of poetry were the staple of a volume afterward published with the title of "Poems." Some of the articles also in his "South Sea Idyls" were original contributions to the same magazine. Josephine Clifford's "Overland Tales" first appeared in the same monthly. John C. Cremony contributed articles on the Apaches, which were the foundation of his volume, "Life among the Apaches." Captain Scammon, of the revenue cutter service, began the series of articles in the OVERLAND which were finally expanded into the quarto volume, "Marine Mammals of the Northwestern Coast." The titles to articles contributed by Joaquin Miller were given to two volumes; viz., "Shadows of Shasta," and "The Ship in the Desert."

President Gilman was not only a contributor to the columns of the magazine, but he took a deep interest in its prosperity, planning and working for it with a generous enthusiasm. Professors Sill, John and

Joseph LeConte, Kellogg, Rising, Moses Hilgard, and other members of the faculty had been such steadfast friends that it may be said that the influence of the University was always strongly exerted for the OVERLAND.

Mr. Harte's editorial work ceased with the close of the fifth volume. He had received a tempting offer from an eastern publishing house, and he went, burning the bridge, as he said, behind him. The magazine had before that time passed into the hands of John H. Carmany & Company, who continued to publish it up to the date of its discontinuance. On the departure of its first editor, W. C. Bartlett consented to devote such time as he could give to the editorial supervision of the OVERLAND, until a permanent editor could be found. Seven numbers were brought out under his care. Soon afterward, Benjamin P. Avery became the editor, and continued in that relation until he received the appointment of Minister to China. From that date the OVERLAND suffered for lack of a competent editor. In its best days it had never been a source of profit to its publishers. It needed a solid endowment of capital. When its publication was suspended, there was a universal expression of regret among all those who had the interests of good literature at heart on this side of the country. It had accomplished a good work for the Pacific coast. It had been the exponent of what was best in the life and letters of the community. In its best days it was the one consummate flower of our home literature, and its fruitage was ever as good as its promise.

In the fulfillment of a long-expressed wish, the OVERLAND MONTHLY is revived. It has picked up the thread which had been dropped, and hopes to weave it into some cloth of gold, which,

"When woven so, nor moth nor mold
Nor time can make its colors fade."

,

I.

I AM asked to send a few words of greeting to old friends in California. It is easy and pleasant to do so; for whenever I recall the names and faces of those who are endeavoring, in sunshine and in storm, to uphold on the western shore of the continent the highest ideal of education, my enthusiasm for Berkeley and its friends comes back, and I seem to be once more marching in that column with men and women enlisted in behalf of all that is true, good, and noble.

It seems too bad that a plant of such promise as the University of California, growing where all that is best is highly appreciated, should be buffeted by winds or parched by heat. People at the East are surprised and delighted when they hear of what good has been projected and of what gifts have been bestowed on the great high school of the State; they are pained and disappointed when they hear of any discord or want of co-operation among those who should be defenders of the faith. The best friends of California believe that the ultimate standing of the State as a home to live in will not depend upon the products of the soil or mines, nor on the inland and foreign trade, but on the character of the men and women born or bred beyond the If their intelligence is trained to respect experience; if their enterprise is governed by knowledge; if their exuberance is wisely tempered; and if to all this, religious virtue is added the golden State will see its golden age of letters, science, and art.

Sierras.

A few examples of what is in progress elsewhere may be encouraging to those who are longing for that day.

II.

port of the university which commemorates his name shows that there are now enrolled

on its register nearly two hundred pupils, of whom one hundred and ten have already taken an academic degree, and are now pursuing graduate courses of advanced study. They are to be, ere many years, college professors in all parts of the country. Already more than eighty former students have been called to good positions as teachers, from old Harvard to new Berkeley. Four scientific journals are regularly published, and many occasional papers are printed under the auspices of the university. A list of writings by members of the corps, during the last seven years, occupies sixteen closely printed pages; not a few of the titles referring to noteworthy researches which have here been prosecuted in Baltimore.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital approaches its completion, and will soon be the center of a school of medicine. The Peabody fund perpetuates a library, a conservatory of music, a gallery of plastic art, and an annual course of lectures. A circulating library has just received an endowment of a million and a quarter dollars. With these great foundations Baltimore will soon be an example to other more wealthy cities, possibly to the wealth and generosity of rich and generous San Francisco.

III.

I have just returned from Cleveland, Ohio. The people of that city are fairly aroused to the value of the highest education, and are soon to have, in fact as well as in name, a university. It is interesting to notice how many streams are flowing toward

one reservoir :—

Western Reserve College has been moved from Hudson (twenty miles and more distant) into Cleveland, with its faculty and

A wealthy citizen (Mr. Stone) has given $500,000 to encourage this removal-a part of the gift being two handsome edifices, but more than half being an invested fund. He terms his foundation Adelbert College.

A deceased citizen (Mr. Case) left a million and a quarter of dollars to found a school of applied science, already opened in temporary quarters.

For these two foundations, the citizens, by a subscription, bought forty acres of choice land at the end of Euclid Avenue for a university site. Opposite this purchase is the Wade Park, an extensive pleasureground given to the city by a gentleman whose name it bears.

A medical school is already begun.

A school of theology, it is probable, or at least possible, will be brought to Cleveland from Meadville.

Can any one doubt that, with this beginning, other great gifts will come for an observatory, a laboratory, a college for women, a library, or a school of art? Or that Cleveland is to be the seat of a university of which Adelbert College and Case College shall be two constituent members?

IV.

On my homeward way I visited Ithaca. The growth of Cornell University is simply wonderful. Its suburban site, always beautiful as to prospect, was long rough in its aspect; now it is graded, paved, and planted; so that it is one of the most attractive college greens in the world. A group of convenient structures commemorate the bounty of Cornell, McGraw, Sibley, Sage, and White. The library has 50,000 volumes, and will soon be the heir to a fund of nearly a million dollars. The invested funds of the university will soon surpass those of the Johns Hopkins University, if they do not already. There is a large band of young men, a small company of young women, engaged here in studies-often technical, oftener liberal. Berkeley has much to learn at Ithaca: the art of drawing to its support men who are rich in ideas, like President White, or rich in good deeds, like Henry W.

No: it is on a broad plain, remote from the sea, without near high hills; it does not compare in position with Heidelberg or Geneva, with New Haven or West Point.

Had it splendid architecture?

In early times there were only the plainest buildings. The houses of Heeren and Heyne were united under one roof for the requisite class-rooms. An American, studying in Göttingen, in 1825, has recorded the fact that he could discover nothing to remind him of a university except the students. Even now there are only the simple academic requisites.

Had it large landed estates, or other hereditary endowments?

No: it depended on the appropriations of the State and the fees of the students.

Was it supported by the Presbyterians, or the Episcopalians, or the Methodists, or the Baptists? and did it care to choose its professors from the dominant denomination?

Did its crew ever beat the students of Bonn in a boat-race, or challenge the University of Rostock to a match game of ball? Not that I ever heard of.

Did it have a campus for athletic sports? No; but there were attractive excursions around the village, and a fine promenade upon the old municipal walls, where professors and students took their daily constitutionals.

What, then, gave to Göttingen its power? I answer, Two things: wise methods, great

men.

Munchhausen, the elector's minister, was the organizer of the work; and his plans to place the infant institution upon a foundation superior to any in Germany are at this day models to us all. His wise methods secured great teachers; great teachers drew able scholars; those able scholars carried to distant lands the lessons they had learned. Think what Americans were drawn there: Everett, Bancroft, Motley, Gould, Child, Lane, Goodwin, Gildersleeve, Remsen, and many more. Think what a library has there been formed-five hundred thousand volumes, and five thousand manuscripts. Think what illustrious teachers have there taught: Haller and Blumenbach, princes of anatomy; Michaelis and Ewald, chiefs of biblical and oriental learning; Heyne, Ottfried Müller, and Carl F. Hermann

philology; Benfey in Sanskrit; Heeren in history; Gauss and Weber in mathematics and physics; Wöhler (whose death is just announced) in chemistry.

Think how these men have affected our own country by their writings. The religious mind, next to the study of the gospels, turns to the history of the Jewish church. Whose history is read most? Stanley's. Where did his knowledge come from? Ewald of Göttingen.

Who surpasses Motley in graphic delineations of the past? He began his studies at Göttingen, where he was the intimate companion of Prince Bismarck.

Who has been the most patient and systematic and thorough student of the history of the United States? Bancroft. Who was his teacher? Heeren of Göttingen.

Whence came the theory of waves, which lies at the basis of all modern physical investigation? From Weber of Göttingen, when he was still a student, just twenty-one years old.

It is thus that a university is developed :
First, there must be wise plans;
Second, sufficient funds;
Third, powerful teachers.
Then will come-
Fourth, many students;
Fifth, great collections;

Sixth, world-wide influence and renown.
D. C. Gilman.

H. H.