152 teachers, and 3,609 pupils; that there were 19,375 volumes in the libraries of 17 of these institutions, and that the total value of 23 of the institutions was $1,072,140. The religious statistics of these people were as follow: number of district associations, 300; of churches, 10,068 of ordained ministers, 6,605; of members, 1,155,486; of Sunday-schools, 3,304; with 10,718 officers and teachers, and 194,492 pupils; number of baptisms last reported, 48,212; value of contributions-for salaries and expenses, $230,445; for missions, $23,253; for education and other objects, $47,900. Forty journals are edited and controlled by colored Baptists.

The meetings of all of these societies for 1888 were held in succession at Nashville, Tenn., beginning on the 18th of September. They were followed by a special meeting of the American Baptist Home Mission Society to consider its work among the colored people. At a united session of the African Missionary Convention of the Western States and Territories and the Foreign Missionary Convention, a plan was reported for the unification of the foreign missionary work of the two bodies, and for co-operation with the Missionary Union. It provided for the formation of a new society, to be known as the American Baptist Foreign Mission Convention, into which the existing foreign missionary societies should be merged; and for cooperation with the Missionary Union on a plan which should allow the independence of each society while securing mutual consultation and assistance. The plan received favorable consideration, and was referred to the Executive Board of the societies and churches for discussion during the year. At the meetings of the National Convention and the Home Mission Society, papers and addresses were presented respecting the common objects in which the two bodies were interested. olution was adopted by the former body pledging co-operation with the American Baptist Home Mission Society in its work for the colored people.

A res

II. Free-Will Baptist Church.—The statistics of this church, as tabulated in the "Free-Will Baptist Register and Year - Book" for 1888, give the footings: Number of yearly meetings, 49; of quarterly meetings, 183; of churches, 1,531; of ordained ministers, 1,314; of licensed preachers, 167; of members, 82,686. The latest general statistics of other liberal Baptist bodies, similar in faith and practice to the Free-Will Baptists, are those given in the "Liberal Baptist Year-Book" for 1884, and are summarized as follows: Original Free-Will Baptists of North Carolina, 8,232; other FreeWill Baptist Associations in the United States (besides those affiliated with the Free-Will Baptist Church), 4,958; General Baptists, 13,225: Separate Baptists, 6,329; United Baptists, 1,400; Church of God, 40,000 (see Church of God" in another part of this

article); Free Christian Baptists of New Brunswick, 10,777; Free Baptists of Nova Scotia, 3,415; making, with the members of the Free-Will Baptist Church, 171,022 of similar faith.

The educational institutions of the FreeWill Baptist Church include Hillsdale (Mich.), Bates (Lewiston, Maine), Rio Grande (Gallia County, Ohio), Storer (Harper's Ferry, W. Va.); Ridgeville (Ind.), and West Virginia (Flemington, Taylor County) colleges, and six preparatory seminaries. The reports of the benevolent societies are for 1887. The receipts of the Education Society were $3,600; and the total amount of its three invested funds was $9,908. The receipts of the Home Mission Society were $8,108; its permanent fund amounted to $11,125. The sum of $5,667 had been raised and expended for home missionary work by five yearly meetings and the Central Association. The society sustained missions at Cairo, Ill., Lincoln, Neb., Oakland, Cal., Worcester, Mass., Harper's Ferry, W. Va. (with Storer College), and in the Western States. The church at Hampton, Va., had become self-supporting. The receipts of the Foreign Missionary Society were $15,244; the amount of its Permanent fund was $10,103; of its Bible-school fund, $18,360; and of the Bible-school hall fund, $63. Its missions, which are in Bengal and Orissa, India, returned 24 missionaries; 578 communicants, with 37 additions by baptism; 2,672 Sunday-school pupils; and a native Christian community of 1,229 persons. In the day and other schools were 3,628 pupils, of whom 407 were classed as "Christian," 1,481 as "Hindu," 118 as "Mohammedan," and 1,622 as "Santal."

III. The Brethren, or Tunkers.-The annual meeting of the Brethren, or Tunkers, was held in North Manchester, Ind., in May. The convention declared against the wearing of mustaches and the trimming of hair by barbers; cautioned members in respect to taking oaths; and warned members living in Western States against writing flattering reports concerning their crops and financial success unless they were sustained by facts. It also reaffirmed its previous declarations against the use of tobacco; decided that applicants for membership should promise to refrain from the habit; and directed that ministers who chew or smoke should not be allowed to assist in church adjudications. An arrangement was made for giving help to poor congregations in Denmark and Sweden.

IV. Church of God.-The distinctive doctrines of the Church of God, as given in brief in its "Year-Book" for 1888, are:

That the believers in any given locality, according to the divine order, are to constitute one body; that the division of believers into sects and parties, under human names and creeds, is contrary to the spirit and tutes the most powerful barrier to the success of letter of the New Testament Scriptures, and constiChristianity.

That the believers of any given community, organ

to visit Mr. Spurgeon, and "deliberate with him as to how the unity of our denomination in true love and good works may best be maintained." This committee reported to a subsequent meeting of council, Jan. 18, 1888, that Mr. Spurgeon had declined to discuss the question of his action toward the Union, and that he could not see his way clear to withdraw his resignation; but that he had furnished a statement embodying the following conditions:

In answer to the question what I would advise as likely to promote permanent union in truth, love, and good works? I should answer: (1) Let the Union have a simple basis of Bible truths; these are usually described as "evangelical doctrines." (2) I know of no better summary of these than that adopted by the Evangelical Alliance, and subscribed by members of so many religious communities for several years. The exact words need not be used of course, but that formula indicates the run of truth which is most generally followed among us, and should be so followed.

He had, however, declared that he would not undertake, on these conditions being complied with by the Union, to rejoin it, but would await results. The question was again considered at subsequent meetings of the council, and a declaration was adopted which was intended to define the attitude of the Union in relation to the questions at issue, in terms that would be acceptable to Mr. Spurgeon. This declaration was brought before the Union at the present meeting, and after discussion and the consideration of amendments, was adopted in the following terms:

That while expressly disavowing any power to control belief or restrict inquiry, yet, in view of the uneasiness produced in the churches by recent discussions, and to show our agreement with one another and with our fellow-Christians on the great truths of the Gospel, the council deem it right to say: Baptized into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, we have avowed repentance toward God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ the very clements of a new life: as in the supper we avow our union with one another while partaking of the symbol of the body of our Lord broken for us, and of the

blood shed for the remission of sins.

The Union, therefore, is an association of churches and ministers professing not only to believe the facts and doctrines of the Gospel, but to have undergone the spiritual change expressed or implied in them. This change is the fundamental principle of our church

life.

The following facts and doctrines are commonly believed by the churches of the Union: The divine inspiration and authority of the Holy Scriptures as the supreme and sufficient rule of our faith and practice and the right and duty of individual judgment in the interpretation of it; the fallen and sinful state of man; the Deity, the incarnation, the resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ, and his sacrificial and mediatorial work; justification by faith-a faith that works by love and produces holiness; the work of the Holy Spirit in the conversion of sinners and in the sancti

fication of all who believe; the resurrection and the judgment of the last day, with the eternal blessedness of the righteous and the eternal punishment of the

wicked.

As an historical fact, the last half of this statement has generally been accepted by the great majority of the Union in the usual sense; but from the first, some, while reverently accepting all divine teaching, have accepted other interpretations, which seem to

them consistent with it, and the Union have had no difficulty in working with them.

This action was not accepted by Mr. Spurgeon, who declared himself "one outside of the Union," and having no right to have anything further to do with its creeds or its declarations. "All has been done that can be done," he said, "and yet without violence we can not unite; let us not attempt it any more; but each one go his own way in quiet, each striving honestly for that which he believes to be the revealed truth of God. I could have wished that instead of saving the Union, or had been to conform everything to the word of even purifying it, the more prominent thought the Lord."

The Irish department of the British and Irish Home Mission was transferred to an executive committee in Ireland. Resolutions were adopted declaring that the question of disestablishment in Wales was ripe for settlement, and ought to be no longer postponed; and deprecating any further extension of state aid to denominational schools.

The autumnal meetings of the Union were held at Huddersfield, beginning October 1. in connection with the Union showed that the Dr. Clifford presided. The report on the funds whole amount invested up to the close of the last year was £116,554, showing an increase of about £3,000. Annuities amounting to £5,216 were paid every year. The Augmentation fund was £500 short, and the Education fund required increasing. A minute was adopted renewing the protests of the Union against the maintenance by the state of "the system of sectarian elementary schools," and reiterating the declaration that "a really national system of undenominational day-schools can alone supply the educational needs of the country without violating the rights of conscience." Meetings were held in behalf of the Baptist Foreign Missions and of the British and Irish Home Missions; and prepared papers were read and addresses delivered on various subjects of denominational interest.

Baptist Missionary Society. - The annual meeting of the Baptist Missionary Society was held April 24. Mr C. Townsend, J. P., of had been £61,341, showing an increase from Bristol, presided. The income of the society the previous year of £2,938: yet the balancesheet exhibited a debt of £5,859, which had been caused by increased expenditure. This Would, however, probably be extinguished by the proceeds of legacies which would not have to go to the reserve fund. The publication of Mr. Bentley's "Grammar and Dictionary of the Congo Language "" was mentioned as an event of much importance. The use of the steamer "Peace" for the purpose of Mr. Stanley's expedition to relieve Emin Pasha (contrary to the policy of the society not to participate in enterprises that might have a military aspect) was shown in the report to have been unavoidable, because the suffering follow

ers of the explorer had to be got out of the country. An offer of £15,000 had been made by Mr. Arthrington, of Leeds, to the society, in conjunction with two other missionary societies, for the purpose of carrying the Gospel to the tribes on the banks of the Amazon and its tributaries; but its acceptance would have involved heavy and permanent additional expenditure, and it had, therefore, been declined.

The income of the Baptist Zenana Mission in India had been £6,586. A deficit of £288 was returned.

The Bible Translation Society had published, or assisted to publish, new versions of the Bible or parts of the Bible translated by Baptist missionaries in fourteen languages of India, China, Japan, Ceylon, and West Africa. Its receipts for the past year had been £2,817. The chief items reported in the expenditure were grants of £1,600 to the Baptist Missionary Society for translations, £300 to the "Mission Press" at Calcutta, and £250 to colporteurs in India.

Baptist Union of Wales.-The statistics of the Baptist Union of Wales, reported at its meeting in August (held in Cardigan), showed that the number of churches and mission-stations had increased from 663 in 1872 to 797, and the Sunday pupils from 61,167 to 100,330. Five thousand four hundred and fortyeight persons had been baptized during the year. Resolutions were passed concerning Welsh "legislative needs" (of which disestablishment was declared to be one), condemning the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Education, and approving the society for the utilization of the Welsh language.

VI. General Baptist Association.—The one hundred and nineteenth meeting of the General Baptist Association of the New Connection was held in Derby in April. The Rev. W. H. Tetley presided. The summary of the statistics of membership showed that the total number of additions by baptism during the year had been 2,236, and the net gain of members 113. The report of the building fund showed that its capital amounted to £6,332 and its receipts for the year had been £1,399, while loans had been made to the amount of £850. Since the fund was instituted more than £18,000 had been granted in loans to the churches. The receipts for foreign missions were £8,107. The debt of the fund (£800) was reduced by £700. Action was taken in favor of an Association book fund.

BAZAINE, FRANÇOIS ACHILLE, French general, born in Versailles, Feb. 13, 1811; died in Madrid, Spain, Sept. 23, 1888. He was the son of a French officer, and after leaving the École Polytechnique he joined the Foreign Legion in 1831, and served five years in Africa, rising to the grade of first lieutenant, and winning the cross of the Legion of Honor on the field of battle. He went to Spain in 1837, and fought in two hard campaigns against the Carlists, returning to Algeria as captain in 1839. He

saw much fighting during the next nine years, and when the Foreign Legion, organized as a brigade of infantry, was sent to the East in 1854, he was appointed to the command. He greatly distinguished himself before Sebastopol, and after its capture was named military governor of the place, and promoted to be general

FRANÇOIS ACHILLE BAZAINE.

of division. In the Italian campaign of 1859, he commanded a division in the attack on Melegnano, where he was wounded, and in the battle of Solferino he took a conspicuous part. He was given a high command in the French expedition against Mexico, distinguished himself by brilliant and energetic tactics, and on the recall of Marshal Forey in 1863 succeeded as commander-in-chief. He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, having been made a commander in 1856, and in September, 1864, he was promoted Marshal of France. His vigorous aggressive strategy drove President Juarez into a corner of the country. The fortress of Oajaca surrendered in February, 1865, the garrison of 7,000 men laying down their arms. He also organized a barbarous but effective system of guerilla warfare. Bazaine married a wealthy Mexican lady, and soon afterward misunderstandings arose between him and the Emperor Maximilian, who suspected the French general of lukewarmness in his cause, when fortune bẹgan to turn in favor of Juarez, owing, as Bazaine alleged, to the obstinate resistance of the Mexicans and the policy of the United States. Napoleon sent orders for the ultimate withdrawal of the French troops, and when Bazaine was suspected of a design to make himself emperor instead of Maximilian, he dispatched Gen. Castelnau to arrange the evacuation.