Of this $18,609.60 is on account of ordinary revenue, and $66,746.78 on account of the school and other funds.

Principal Items of Expenditure, 1854. Interest on Western Railroad scrip, $ 49,500.00

County Treasurers, crim. costs, 110,885.29 sinking fund, &c.

176,822.19

State paupers,

Interest on temporary loans,

The funded debt of Massachusetts, on its own account, was, 1st January, 1855, $1,690,000.00 Temporary loans, and sums due and unpaid,

Liability of the Commonwealth for scrip loaned to the various railroads,

Total absolute and contingent debt,

The value of the productive property of the Commonwealth, January 1st, 1855, consisting of notes, mortgages, stocks and scrip, the Western Railroad sinking fund, School fund, Indian funds, &c.,

Real estate, &c., unproductive,

Mortgages on the various railroads,

363,062.00 5,049.555.56 $7,102,617.56

$ 3,917,954.06 2,436,199.33 5,049,555.56

$11,403,708.95

7,102,617.56

$4,300,091.39

For a Table of Receipts and Expenditures in detail, from 1834 to 1853 inclusive, see American Almanac for 1855, page 232.

Institutions for Savings in 1854. — In the 73 institutions that made returns, there were 136,654 depositors, and $25,936,857.63 deposits; $8,519,828 were loaned on mortgages; $2,331,401 to towns; $6,498,948 on personal security; $6,054,197 were invested in Bank

Stock, and $745,954 in Public Funds. The average dividend for the year was a fraction over 4.04 per cent. The average annual per cent. of dividends of the last five years is 7.23 per cent. The whole expense of managing these 73 Savings Banks was $63,470.00. There were 11 Five-Cent Savings Banks chartered at the session of the Legislature in 1854, and most of them went into operation.

Insurance Abstract for 1854.-Number of stock offices, 34, 19 of which are in Boston. Capital, $6,693,850. In United States stocks and Treasury-notes, $11,239.38. Bank stocks in Massachusetts, $4,426,332.18. State Stock, $90,200.00. Loans on bottomry and respon dentia, $30,500. Real estate, $368,305.61. Mortgages on do., $1,177,919.17. Loans on collateral and personal security, $502,775.91; loans on personal security only, $409,668.49. Cash, $401,313.02. Reserved or contingent fund, $498,145.91. Railroad stock, $908,375.97. Losses ascertained and unpaid, $371,803.27. Estimated losses in addition, $538,727.69. Premium notes, $2,220,872.53, of which $498,529.66 are on risks that have terminated. Notes bad or doubtful, but not charged to profit and loss, $14,025.29. At risk, marine, $65,965,247.25; fire, $112,775,318.88. Premiums on fire risks undetermined, $914,272.35. Fire losses paid last year, $435,783.86. Marine losses do., $2,475,252.70. In mutual offices, amount insured during the year on marine risks is $129,711,771,50; whole amount on fire risks, $ 229,449,187.00; losses paid during the year, on marine risks, $3,428,523.88; fire risks, $451,153.44. There are four life-insurance companies, and the amount insured by their existing policies is $8,326,417.62. The amount of losses the past year was $70,962.71. There was also insured a considerable amount within the year by foreign companies, on life, marine, and fire risks.

Banks. - At the session of the Legislature in 1854 a law was passed requiring the banks in Boston to report weekly their condition to the Secretary of State in the particulars in the headings of the columns in the tables given below, and that the Secretary should publish these reports weekly. The same act required the same report to be made monthly by the banks out of Boston. The American Almanac for 1855, p. 233, contains the weekly report of the Boston banks from June 5th, 1854, to Nov. 6th, and the monthly report of the country banks from July 1st to Nov. 4th. Below, the monthly report of the country banks is continued; and the monthly condition of the Boston banks is given from November, 1854, to July 30th, 1855, inclusive, and their weekly condition since that time.

1854-'55. December 2, 30, February 3, March 3, April 3,

May June

5,

2,

66

August
September

30,

66 29,

24.951,318 43,586,006 934,450 3,817,068 460,061 5 522,253 15,949,035 25,132,853 £2,300 463 970,145 3,335,691 438,580 5,106,755 14,365,133 25.233,903 11.961,443 1,012,577 3,527,610 360,281 5,334,367 14,107,160 25,214,653 12,140,63 1,003,415 3,935,768 359,048 5,542,635 14,038,649 25,405,453 43,156,189 1,056,110 4,317,440 385,740 5,798,735 14.733,534 25,556,520 14,410,267 995,607 4,462,356 413,527 6,419,384 16,097,366 25,310,000 14,253,197 996,6733 817,926 442,382 6,344.034 15,330,915 25,322.500 14,402,632 1,011,234 3,627,133 521,724 6,369,561 15,079,675 25,374,500 15,479,220 1,044,560 4,127,034 561,454 6,553,435 15,703,261 25,922,350 45,886,784 1,030,704 3,937,110 547,650 6,562,328 1,632.972 26,013,937 16,772,587 1,018,317 4,180,407 627,973 6,717,931 16,328,207 Schools for 1851.-The towns raise by taxation for the support of schools, $ 1,013,472.26. Aggregate expended for wages, fuel, and superintendence, $1,140,132 68. Number of children in the State from 5 to 15 years old, 206,625. Number that attend school under 5 years, 16,093: over 15 years, 21,609. Number of public schools in the State, 4,163. Number of teachers in summer, males 374, females 4,172; in winter, males 1,840, females 2,891. Number of scholars in summer schools, 186,628. Number in winter schools, 199,447. Average attendance in summer, 141,226; in winter, 154,277. Ratio of attendance to whole number of children between 5 and 15, .72. Average length of the schools, 7 months and 16 days. Average wages per month, inclusive of board, paid to male teachers, $37.76. Do. to female teachers, $15.88. Amount of School Fund, December 31st, 1854, $1,602,597.42. From the interest of this fund about $47,000 are distributed annually among the towns for the support of schools. There are 66 incorporated academies in the State, with an average of 4,142 pupils, and an aggregate of 85,322.90 paid for tuition; also, 674 unincorporated academies, private schools, &c., with 17,322 scholars, and an estimated aggregate of $244,290.72 paid for tuition. Amount expended on public and private schools, &c., exclusive of cost of repairing and erecting school edifices, $1,334,423.40. There were in 1850 local funds for the support of academies, &c. to the amount of about $350,000, yielding an income of about $20,006. The value of the public school-houses in the State in 1848 was $2,750,000, of which $2,200,000 had been expended since 1833. There are four Normal Schools supported by the State, at an annual cost of about $ 11,000, - -one at Westfield, one at Framingham, one at Bridgewater, and one at Salem, for girls,-averaging annually, in all, about 260 pupils. Teachers' institutes were held in the several counties in the State, at which distinguished teachers lectured and gave instruction; and State agents have been employed under the direction of the Board of Education in visiting the different parts of the State to awaken the people to the cause and instruct them in reference thereto.

The Board of Education consists of the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, and eight members, one being appointed each year by the Governor and Council for eight years. There is a secretary of the board, who has an assistant, and is the executive officer of the board. Provision is made by law for the education and training of young men to be principal teachers in the high schools in the Commonwealth, by establishing 48 State scholarships in the col. leges of the State, and paying $100 annually to each. These scholarships are now filled, and it is thought that their establishment has given a quickening impulse to the schools throughout the State.

State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. -George Chandler, M.D., Superintendent. Number of patients, December 1st, 1853, 520, -266 males, 254 females; admitted during the year, 299,- - 125 males, 174 females; remaining in the Hospital, November 30th, 1854, 381,-193 males, 188 females. Of those admitted during the year, 230 (87 males, 143 females) were committed by the courts; 57 (34 males, 23 females) by overseers of the poor; on the war. rant of the Governor, 12 (4 males, 8 females). 125 foreigners (i. e. persons having no legal residence in the State), of whom 41 were males and 84 females, were admitted. 151 foreigners (67 males, 84 females) remained in the Hospital at the end of the year. 438 pa. tients (198 males, 240 females) were discharged during the year; of whom 122 were recov

ered, 53 improved, 90 incurable and harmless, 139 incurable and dangerous, and 34 died. Number of State paupers in the Hospital at the end of the year, 151. In April 200 patients were removed to the new hospital at Taunton. Receipts during the year, $75,351.48; including balance of cash, December 1st, 1853, of $23,131.85. Expenditures, $53,221.51. Leaving balance to new account, $22,129.97.

State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. - George C. S. Choate, M. D., Superintendent. This Hospital was opened for patients, and the first patient was admitted, April 7, 1854. The grounds contain nearly 131 acres, and the buildings, &c. have cost about $ 200,000, and will accommodate 250 patients. Up to Nov. 30, 1854, 330 have been admitted, 156 males, and 174 females, of whom 211 were from the hospital at Worcester; 64 had been discharged, 24 died, and 3 eloped, leaving at that date, 239, 108 males, 131 females.

From the entirely trustworthy report of Dr. Jarvis, elsewhere referred to, it appears that there were, in the autumn of 1854 in the State, 2,632 lunatics, of whom 1,522 were paupers, 693 being State paupers (i. e. having no legal settlement in any town, and so the expense of maintenance is charged to the State), and 829 town paupers; and 1,110 supported themselves. 2,007 were natives, 625 were foreigners. 435 were curable, 2,018 incurable, 179 not stated. 1,234 were at their homes, or in town or city poor-houses; 1,141 were in Hos. pitals; 207 were in receptacles for the insane, i. e. houses of correction, jails, and State almshouses.

Besides the State hospitals at Worcester and Taunton, and the arrangements for the care of the insane at the almshouses, jails, &c., there are municipal and private establishments, as the city hospital at South Boston, the McLean Asylum at Somerville, and the institution at Pepperell. Provision was made by the last Legislature for the erection of a third State hospital in the western part of the State, to accommodate 250 patients, and $200,000 were appropriated. A site has been purchased at Northampton.

State Prison. - David S. Jones, Warden; Rev. Henry E. Hempstead, Chaplain; William B. Morris, M. D., Physician. The number of prisoners, October 1st, 1853, was 491; 151 were received during the year ending 30th September, 1854, and 159 were discharged. Number of prisoners, 30th September, 1854, 483. Of those discharged, 124 were from expiration, and 26 from remission of sentence; and 9 died. Of those in prison, 375 were committed for offences against property, and 108 for offences against the person, including larceny from the person, robbery, and perjury. 183 are natives of Massachusetts, 153 of other States, and 147 are foreigners. There are 72 second-comers, 17 third-comers, 6 fourthcomers, and 1 is a sixth-comer. There are 25 negroes, and 9 mulattoes. Average number of convicts for the year, 493. Of those in prison, 2 are 15 years of age; 148 between 16 and 20; 126 from 20 to 25; 82 from 25 to 30; 72 from 30 to 40; 35 from 40 to 50; 15 from 50 to 60; 4 from 60 to 70; and 1 between 70 and 80. 106 were sentenced for 2 years or less; 100 for 3, or more than 2; 123 for 5, or more than 3; 110 for 10, or more than 5; 11 for 15, or more than 10; 6 for 20, or more than 15; 1 for 30; 1 for 35; and 25 for life. In April, 1854, the small-pox was epidemic, but no case was fatal. On the 27th of July, 1854, at 12 o'clock P. M., the cholera broke out, and within 48 hours 205 cases came under treatment, all recovered. $100 are appropriated each year to purchase books for the prison library, which now numbers 820 volumes. The ordinary expenses have been $80,483.26, and the receipts $63,449.95; deficit of receipts to meet expenses, $17,033.31.

State Reform School, Westborough. - John M. Talcott, Superintendent. Boys in the school, Dec. 1st, 1853, 335; received since, 339; discharged during the year, 215; remaining, November 30th, 1854, 559. Of those committed, 3 were 6 years old, 9 were 7, 36 were 8, 67 were 9, 123 were 10, 151 were 11, 179 were 12, 193 were 13, 236 were 14, and 263 were 15, 37 were 16, 19 were 17 and over, and the ages of 8 were unknown. 454 were com. mitted for larceny, 566 for stubbornness, 57 as idle and disorderly, 81 for vagrancy, 27 for shopbreaking and stealing, 5 for assault, 13 as runaways, 56 for shopbreaking with intent to steal, 5 as common drunkards, 30 for malicious mischief, and 8 for burglary. 990 were committed during minority, 2 for 10 years, 1 for 9 years, 7 for 8 years, 27 for 5 years, and the remainder for shorter periods. 120 were received from Bristol county, 41 from Berk. shire, 2 from Dukes, 255 from Essex, 7 from Franklin, 72 from Hampden, 14 from Hamp.

shire, 245 from Middlesex, 97 from Norfolk, 15 from Plymouth, 306 from Suffolk, 143 from Worcester, 3 from Barnstable, and 9 from Nantucket. 1,093 were born in the United States, and 236 in foreign countries. Of the 1,093 born in this country, 758 are of American parentage, and the rest of foreign. All the boys are employed during a portion of the day at some mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor. They do the washing, ironing, and cook. ing, and make and mend their own clothes. Each day, 4 hours are devoted to school, 6 to labor, 8 to sleep, and 5 to recreation and miscellaneous duties. 180 acres of land were originally purchased, and since that time an adjoining farm has been added. A new wing was added to the building in 1853. The school can accommodate 550 inmates, and is now (1855) full. The expenses of the institution for the year were $58,171.01. Exceeding the means provided, $6,739.50. The estimated expense of keeping each boy per annum is $45. State Reform School for Girls. A school for this purpose was established by the Legislature of 1855, in pursuance of the recommendation of the commissioners appointed for that purpose by the preceding Legislature. The government is vested in seven trustees, who are authorized to procure a site, and to erect the necessary buildings, at an expense of not exceeding $40,300; that being the amount of the State appropriation ($20,000), and the private subscription ($20,300). Girls over 7 and under 16 years of age who have committed any offence, or are beggars or vagrants, may be sent thither, and in all cases they are to be committed until they are 18 years of age, unless sooner discharged or disposed of by being bound as apprentices. The school has been located at Lancaster, and the buildings are now in process of erection.

School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded Youth, Boston. This school has been in operation since 1848, under the gratuitous and effective superintendence of Dr. Samuel G. Howe. To the close of 1854, 114 pupils had been admitted, and 41 remained in the institution at that time. 30 are State beneficiaries. At first the State appropriated $2,500 yearly to support its beneficiaries, and latterly $5,000 a year. The Legislature at its last session appropriated $25,000 to purchase a site and erect a building for this school, upon condition that before July 4th, 1855, the trustees should raise $5,000 for furnishing it with apparatus, &c. This condition has been complied with. From the very able and careful report of the commissioners of the State to ascertain the number and condition of the insane and idiots in the State, prepared by Dr. Jarvis, it appears that there are in the State 1,087 idiots, of whom 640 are supported by friends, and 417 by the State; 1,043 being natives, and 44 foreigners. There has been since 1848 a private establishment for the instruction of this class at Barre, in Worcester Co. It is now under the care of Dr. George Brown, and has some 10 pupils. Pauperism in the Year 1854. -The number of persons relieved or supported as paupers was 23,125; of whom 7,830 were town paupers, and 12,814 State paupers; of these State paupers, 9,671 were foreigners, and of this number 7,610 were natives of England and Ireland. There were 192 almshouses, with 20,133 acres attached, the whole valued at $1,273,907. Number relieved in almshouses, 10,083 (the average being 3,524), of whom 5,527 were unable to labor. Number relieved out of almshouses, 12,557. Net expense of sup. porting and relieving paupers, including interest on almshouse establishments, $457,506.51. Estimated value of pauper labor in almshouses, $18,091. 809 foreign paupers have come into the State within the year. 864 insane and 345 idiots were relieved or supported during the year. 925 are paupers by reason of insanity or idiocy, and it is probable that 14,320 were made paupers by intemperance in themselves or others. There were 2,061 indigent children, under 14 years of age, supported at public charge during the year 1854, of whom 1,174 were males, and 887 females. The three State almshouses were opened for the recep tion of paupers on the 1st of May, 1854, and from that time to Dec. 1, 1854, there were received at Tewksbury 2,193 paupers, 1,233 males and 955 females, nearly half being boys and girls; at Bridgewater 860, 517 males and 313 females; at Monson 723, 458 males and 265 females; in all 3,776, 2,213 males and 1,563 females. The total, 3,776, should be diminished 569, that being the number transferred from Tewksbury to the other almshouses. This would give the whole number for the seven months 3,207. The average cost per week of each pauper has been $1.03 nearly. During this period there were 165 deaths, and 64 births. Each house has a day school and a Sunday school. S. D. Brooks is the Superintendent at Monson; L. L. Goodspeed, at Bridgewater, and Isaac H. Meserve at Tewksbury.