$1,950 each.* of Wilmington. Judges. R. M. Saunders, of Salisbury. Circuit Solicitors.t W. N. H. Smith, of Murfreesboro'. of Greensboro'. G. S. Stephenson, of Newbern. of Salisbury. of Raleigh. The Supreme Court holds three sessions in each year; of Lincoln Co. of Cleaveland Co. two in the city of Raleigh, to wit, on the second Monday in June and the last Monday in December, and one at Morgantown, on the first Monday of August, for the western part of the State; and continues to sit at each term until all the business on the docket is determined, or continued upon good cause shown. It has power to hear and determine all cases in law or equity, brought before it by appeal, or by the parties. It has original and exclusive jurisdiction in repealing letters-patent, and also has power to issue all writs necessary and proper for the exercise of its jurisdiction. The judges of the Supreme and the Superior Courts are elected by joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly, to hold office during good behavior. Their salaries cannot be diminished during continuance in office. The Attorney-General is Solicitor for the Third Circuit, and receives, in addition to his pay as solicitor, $100 for each term of the Supreme Court which he attends. The Superior Courts of Law, and the Courts of Equity, are held twice each year in every county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about ten counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, however, the same circuit twice in succession. The judges of these courts have complete equity jurisdiction. FINANCES, There is besides a Literary Fund, which had a balance due it November 1, 1852, of $123,759.53, and the receipts of which average about $133,000 annually. The State, in 1852, owned stocks in railroads and other internal improvement companies to the amount of $600,000. State Debt. On the 1st of November, 1854, the debt of the State upon which interest was payable amounted to $2,923,663. This sum was (November 1, 1854) soon to be increased to $3,409,633 by the sale of $111,000 of bonds, to be sold for the benefit of the Weldon and Gaston Railroad, and the Neuse and Tar Rivers, and of $370,000 for the North Carolina Railroad. Common Schools. -The annual income, divided among the counties according to their federal population, is about $180,000, and the counties raise besides $60,000. The present common-school system went into operation in 1840. There are now in the schools about 120,000 children, and in the colleges, &c. about 10,000 more. The pay of male teachers is about $21 a month, and of female teachers $18 a month. There are a State Superintendent, County Superintendents, and District School Committees. Deaf and Dumb and Blind. The North Carolina Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and Blind is in Raleigh. The State appropriates annually for pupils $1,000. Insane Asylum. - There is an asylum at Raleigh, which will be open for inmates in 1856. Adjutant and Inspector-General, The Governor is elected by the Senate and House of Representatives jointly, to serve for two years, and is not re-eligible until after the expiration of four years. In case of his death, or removal from office, the LieutenantGovernor acts as Governor. Legislature.-Assembles at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in November, annually. Representatives (124 in number) are chosen for two years, on a mixed basis of population and taxation. Pay, $3 a day, and 10 cents for every mile of travel. The Senate consists of 45 members, who are elected for four years; one half chosen every second year. Pay of Senators the same as that of Representatives. JUDICIARY. The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot of both houses. They hold their commissions during good behavior, and receive a compen sation which can neither be increased nor diminished during their continuance in office. Repeated attempts have been made to limit their tenure to 65 or 70 years, but without success. A judge or chancellor may order a special court, and a chancellor may hear cases, by consent, at chambers. Chancellors in Equity. Isaac W. Hayne, of Charleston, Attorney-General, 1,100 and fees. State Reporter, 1854, 1,500 Simeon Fair, of Newberry Dist., M. L. Bonham, The former, con J. S. G. Richardson, of Sumter, Law Court of Appeals, and Equity Court of Appeals. sisting of all the law judges, for hearing appeals from the courts of law, and the latter, of all the chancellors, for hearing appeals from the courts of equity, are held in Columbia on the first Monday in May and fourth Monday in November. These courts are also held in Charleston on the second Monday in January, for hearing and determining appeals for the Districts of Georgetown, Horry, Beaufort, Colleton, and Charleston. Clerks. At Charleston, T. J. Gantt. At Columbia, Waites. Courts for the Correction of Errors, consisting of all the judges in law and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where the law and equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto by either of the courts, are held at such times, during the sitting of the Court of Appeals, as the chancellors and judges may appoint. Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions. These courts have original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except in matters of contract where the amount is $20 or under), and in all criminal cases affecting free white men; and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals from Magistrates' Courts, and in appeals from the Court of Ordinary in all cases except in matters of account. They are held in each and every district of the State twice in each year. The times of holding the court for Charleston District are the first Monday in May, to sit six weeks, and the fourth Monday in October, to sit four weeks. Daniel Horlbeck, Clerk for Charleston District. Courts of Equity take cognizance of all matters belonging to a court of equity, as contradistinguished from a court of law. A term is held by one chancellor, annually, in each district, except Charleston District, where two terms are held; viz. on the first Monday in February, to sit six weeks, and on the second Monday in June, to sit four weeks. City Court of Charleston.- An inferior court of limited jurisdiction both in civil and criminal causes. William Rice, Recorder. Ordinary's Court. Each district has its own Ordinary. The principal duties of the Ordinary are to grant letters of administration; probate of wills; examine executors and administrators' accounts, &c. His office is the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration of estates. An appeal lies from his determination, in matters of account, to the Court of Equity, and, in all other cases, to the Court of Common Pleas. Magistrates' Courts have exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract of and under twenty dollars. Court of Magistrates and Freeholders, for the trial of slaves and free persons of color for criminal offences. $ 143,239.90 1,723.034.59 $1,866,274.49 99,087.46 The State has a contingent debt of $1,051,422.09, being the amount of surplus revenue received from the United States. There is also a temporary indebtedness to the Indians, Free Schools, and the Bank, of $80,518.40. With this indebtedness, there is still a balance in favor of the State, of productive property owned by the State, of $2,462,076.39. State Bank. The profits of the bank for the year ending September 30, 1854, were $295,000. From this amount there has been paid $52,211.95, for interest on the debt in Europe; also the interest on the 6 per cents (fire loan), amounting to $48,811.26; and the sum of $193,976.79 was transferred to the sinking fund. It also paid $25,152.60 of the Public Debt during the year. The aggregate funds of the bank on the 1st of October, 1854, were From this deduct bank liabilities, viz. : Issues,. Due depositors, Capital, Other liabilities, $ 7,118.307.69 Bank of the State of South Carolina, for capital, . Shares in Railroad Companies in the State, & S. W. R. R. Bank, Balances due by tax-collectors, sheriffs, &c., Hamburg bonds, Fire-proof building, overdraft, Total, 1,342,300.00 11,791.64 2,057.66 18.850.79 $5,460,291.37 The State has paid during the year, upon its subscriptions to railroad stocks authorized by the Legislature, $428,500, by transfer of stocks. The taxes for the year 1354 were as follows: - Upon 82,600 slaves, $229,560.00; on 2,825 free negroes, $5,650; on merchandise, $51,293.20; on faculties, professions, &c., $10,026.33; on bank, &c. stocks, $18,032.58; on premiums received by agents of insurance companies, $201.66; on town lots, $62,825.99; on 17,289,359 acres of land, valued at $ 10,271,176, $51,355.88; arrears, &c., $1,030.35. Total, $429,975.99. Free Schools. - Number of schools in 1849, 1,023; number of teachers, 1,019; number of scholars, 9,122. The Legislature appropriates $ 75,000 annually to free schools. Governor Manning, in his message of November 28, 1853, says, that, "under the present mode of applying it, that liberality is really the profusion of the prodigal, rather than the judicious generosity which confers real benefit." He recommended "the establishment of a Board of Education and the appointment of a Commissioner of Public Instruction, whose duty it shall be to gather facts with regard to this State, and thoroughly inform himself upon the systems of such other governments as educate their people best, and report the result of his labors to the Board, who together shall digest a plan, to be submitted to you for ratification or rejection." Academies are established, called the Arsenal and Citadel Academies, in which the youth are practically educated in military tactics, and in engineering and surveying. The State provides annually for the education at the South Carolina College of one youth from the Charleston Orphan House, to be selected as a reward of merit by the Commissioners. State Lunatic Asylum, Columbia. —J. W. Parker, Superintendent. The number of patients, Nov. 5, 1853, was 172. Received during the year, 75; whole number, 247. Dis charged during the year, cured, 39; removed and eloped, 10; and 24 died; leaving in the Asylum, November 5, 1854, 174, of whom 92 were males and 82 were females; of the 174, 84 were paupers and 90 pay patients. The receipts during the year were $35,391.38; the expenditures, $ 32,764.65. XV. GEORGIA. Term ends. Salary. HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON, of Milledgeville, Governor, E. P. Watkins, of Henry Co., Secretary of State, Nov. 1857, $3,000 1,600 |