THE CYCLOPEDIA OF INDIA AND OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific; KINGDOMS, PRODUCTS OF THE MINERAL, VEGETABLE, AND ANIMAL Kingdoms, useFUL BY SURGEON GENERAL EDWARD BALFOUR, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL-ROYAL GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, VIENNA ; AUTHOR OF 'THE TIMBER TREES OF INDIA AND OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA,' ETC.; IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. II. H-NYSA. THIRD EDITION. LONDON: BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY. 24717. CYCLOPEDIA OF INDIA AND OF EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA. H H. oppositifolia, Thu., occurs in Ceylon.-Beddome. HAB, a river on the western frontier of Sind, and for some distance the boundary between British territory and Baluchistan. It rises in Kalat, falls into the Arabian Sea in lat. 24° 52′ N., long. 66° 42′ E., after a total length of about 100 miles. Except the Indus, it is the only permanent river in Sind. It abounds in fish. It has been proposed to supply Karachi (Kurachee) with drinking water from the Hab.-Imp. Gaz. HABAKKUK. This sacred writer says (i. 16), unto their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous;' from which it would seem that the Jewish idolaters had a custom like that of the Hindu, who annually worship the implements of their trades. HABARUM, a mount close to the Dead Sea, on which Moses died, in the fortieth year of the exodus. In this interval the whole land of the Emorites had been taken, the Midianites overthrown, and the country of the king of Basan conquered, the river Jabbok crossed, and the western country on the Jordan (Batanæa and Aulonites) taken eastward and northward as far as Hermon.-Bunsen, iii. 252. H. This letter in the English language, as an aspirate, shows that the vowel following it must be pronounced with a strong guttural emission of voice, as in hammer, house, humidity, helm, history, hyson; but in a few English words it is quiescent, as in hour, honour. There is no letter in the Tamil alphabet, and in foreign words introduced into it, the h is changed to g, q, or r; but this English letter is represented in the Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sanskrit, Hindi, Mahrati, Bengali,They sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense Uriya, Telugu, Karnatica, and Malealam, though the sounds are mere modifications of the simple breathing. Two of the sounds derived from the Arabic are not very nicely distinguished in Indian pronunciation. One may be something harsher than the other, and so far it agrees with the strong Sanskrit aspirate, whilst the softer breathing of the Nagari alphabet, the Visarga, or sign of the nominative case, may be regarded as peculiar. Sir William Jones distinguishes the harsher forms by an accent, as Ah'med. Gilchrist and Shakespear distinguish it by a dot underneath it; Professor Wilson places the dot beneath the softer Arabic aspirate. In a suggested missionary alphabet, it has been proposed to indicate the unmodified flatus by an apostrophe, as ve'ement for vehement. With the people on the line of the Indus river, the letters s, h, and z are permutable. Hind becomes Sind; Zalim Sing becomes Halim Hing. The difficulties, however, as to the letter h are not greater than in the Italian, where the initial h is quiescent before a vowel, and modifies the sounds of consonants. Colonel Tod says s and h are permutable letters in the Bhakka; and he supposes that Sam or Sham, the god of the Yamuna, may be the Ham or Hammon of Egypt. He also thinks it not unlikely that the Chaora, the tribe of the first dynasty of Anhalwara, is a mere corruption of Saura, as the ch and s are perpetually interchanging. The Mahrattas cannot pronounce the ch; with them Cheeto is Seeto. HAASIA WIGHTII. Nees. This good-sized tree is not uncommon in the moist woods on the Tinnevelly and Travancore range of ghats, at 2000 | to 3000 feet elevation, and Animallays 4000 feet. VOL. II. HABIB-us-SIYAR. A book written by Khondamir. See Khond-amir. HABIL. ARAB. Abel, who is suposed to have been buried at Damascus. See Abu Kubays. HABSHI. HIND. An African or Abyssinian, Habsh being the Arabic reading of Abyssinia. Pl. Habush. HABZ-i-DAM. PERS. A retention of the breath, or power to discontinue breathing, by which devout Mahomedans are supposed to prolong their lives. It is supposed to be a gift to devout men, and the notion is founded on the erroneous belief that human beings have to take a certain number of respirations, and if the power to suspend breathing be acted on, to that extent life will be prolonged. HACKERY. HIND. A cart drawn by bullocks, from Akra, a cart. It may, however, be from the Portuguese Carro or Acarretai, to carry.-W. HACKLES, upright pointed wires, through which the stems of flax are drawn to disentangle |