From Drawings by Professor Weinek, enlarged ten times from negatives made at the Lick Observatory Moon Photographs are regularly taken with the great telescope, and it is the intent to continue till a complete set has been obtained for every hour or so of the moon's age. Changes on the moon's surface can thus be detected. These photographs have been mechanically enlarged on glass by Professors Burnham and Barnard, and they are now sent regularly to Prague, to Professor Weinek, who makes enlarged drawings of parts of the surface, which are printed in heliogravure, at the expense of Walter Law, of New York. These drawings are studied by Professor Weinek and Professor Holden with great care, and Professor Weinek has discovered many new features in this way. Doctor Otto Boedicker, astronomer of Lord Rosse's observatory, Doctor Ebert of Erlangen, and Doctor Franz of Koenigsberg, are also making special studies of them. Milky Way.- The Milky Way also is to be studied by means of photographs, which Professor Barnard is now taking, attention having been directed to the promise of excellent results through some most successful ones that he had made. The comet lately discovered made its impression on one of these plates, and was thus first recognized as a stranger. Spectroscopy.- Professor Keeler made some remarkable spectroscopic observations, by which he established (for the first time) the motions of nebula in the line of sight. When Professor Campbell succeeded to the work, he adapted the spectroscope - intended for visual observations to photographing spectra, and the results showed enormous advantages in this method. To this is largely due the unrivaled success of the Lick Observatory in studying the new star in Auriga. The greatest number of lines in its spectrum reported from other observations is three; Professor Campbell has measured fourteen. During the time this star was very faint, the photographic observations of the Lick Observatory were the only ones by which it could be followed. They alone showed its neb ular character, and since its extraordi- the general policy of observatories to nary change into a true nebula, they give out their results promptly, and help have been the only ones that kept ac- each other in making use of them. The count of its motions - showing that it Lick Observatory, by a division of labor has been moving away from us, and is that to some extent makes it a gatherer now approaching, probably revolving in of raw material, to be worked up in a vast orbit and of its nature, indicat- places where more help is available, has ing that planetary nebula owe their gen- been of service to these other observaesis to such new stars; both most impor- tories, received great service from them, tant steps in our knowledge of stars. and hastened the advance of science, a few months sufficing to have thoroughly studied, interpreted, discussed, and settled, some point that might have had to wait years, had each observatory depended on its own resources. As has been said, if the four distinguished foreign astronomers now engaged in special studies of the moon negatives were on the staff of the Lick Observatory, they could hardly utilize its advantages and help its work more. A review of the publications of the Astronomical Society will show many minor or subsidiary inquiries going on at the Observatory. The secretary's report to the regents shows that from June, 1888, to September, 1892, there have been 462 papers published by the as 1892, Aug., 14 d., 11 h., 15 m. P. S. T. 1892, Aug., 7 d., 11 h.,15 m. P. S. T. SKETCHES OF MARS SHOWING CANALS. tronomers and students-more than two a week. Some of these have been brief scientific memoranda; many of them long and arduous papers. Two things will be noticed in looking through this summary of the scientific work. First, the great importance of the photographic method. This is a new aid to astronomy, which the Lick Observatory has been one of the first to appreciate, and which it has unrivaled facilities for using. The power it gives to record a fleeting phenomenon, to sit down and study it at leisure, and to send it for confirmation to another observer, even the other side of the world, makes it of inestimable value. Second, the co-operative relation with other observatories. It has not been It has not been In addition to all the purely scientific work, the Observatory regulates the time service for the Pacific States, sending out daily signals to all the railroad stations; and several minor services of the sort have been rendered. That the Lick Astronomical Department has done a surprising quantity of work in the four years, cannot be questioned. One is disposed to think after reviewing it, that too much has been done rather than too little. The great ambition of all the astronomers to force the Lick Observatory instantly into the world's front rank, in spite of limited means and small staff, by a quantity of work that would demand attention, and of such sort as would bear the judg ment of the first European scholars and societies,- this seems to me to have kept the work at a high pressure that has told somewhat on the men. We must be grateful, however, that the grade of the work has been kept high. It is most easy and tempting in a new institution to make concessions from an excellence that one's public will never miss ; and all the evidence shows that the Lick Observatory has not done this. Milicent W. Shinn. SIWASH. THE Siwash of Puget Sound are a people by themselves. They do not belong to the aboriginal aristocracy according to the notion of their dusky brethren from Alaska. The reason for this probably lies in the fact that in the good old times of yore, before the hatchet was forever buried, when the pipe of peace was not yet lit, the northern Indians usually came off victorious in war. And the Alaskan Indians have a greater variety of handicraft than do the Siwash of Puget Sound. Human nature is the same in the red skin as in a white skin; the conqueror looks down on the con quered, and the nation of mechanical progress upon the nation that threshes. its grain with the flail. So it is not strange that the Alaskan brave clings tothe tradition of his fathers, and wraps himself in his dignity when in contact with what he considers the lower strata of his race on Puget Sound; nor that the peony-cheeked maiden from Alaska should refuse to break sticks with a Puget Sound Siwash. However, the Alaskan Indians have nothing at the present time to warrant their feeling of superiority, for the Puget Sound Indians are far in advance of all other Pa Photo by J. P. Soule. THE YOUNGEST HOP PICKER. on a blanket with a bunch of hops in his hand, sharing in the labors of the older ones. It not infrequently happens that the chubby, broad-faced papoose is born in the hop field. The hop ranch is the El Dorado of the Siwash. By means of it he is enabled to fill his pipe with tobacco, his stomach with rum, and to clothe his body with an odd conglomeration of the habiliments of civilization. The close of hop-picking is celebrated by horse racing; the squaws riding astride, Amazon like. The racing is entered into with zest by all but the Siwash is happiest when he can go to the city and spend his hard-earned wages after the manner of his white brother. He can smoke as much tobacco and drink as much fire-water as the civilized pale-face, though his style of doing it may not meet with such high approval. I have seen the streets of Seattle lined with Siwash eager to spend their money cific Coast tribes in civilization and for anything that may strike the fancy, enlightenment. The Alaskan and British Columbia Indians come to Puget Sound by the canoe full at hop-picking time, in the fall. Together with the Puget Sound Indians they flock to the hop-ranches, where they remain during the season of hop-picking. The whole family is employed, and the youngest hop-picker sits or that may be palmed off on them by an unscrupulous salesman. Often the proprietor of a store will bestow some cheap trinket on one of the Siwash "kids" to gain the favor and money of its parents. In the millinery shops may be seen left-over hats trimmed gaudily with left-over ribbons, to attract the eye of the Siwash maiden. A one-color toilet never satisfies the taste of the dusky daughter of the forest. A blue skirt, green waist, brightly striped shawl, and a red handkerchief on the head comprise a stylish outfit for winter. Summer may see a pink or blue print, scant of measure both as to length and width, a hat trimmed expressly to suit Siwash taste, and ribbons of contrasting colors about the neck, waist, and wiry hair. Such a costume never fails to gain the admiration of the tawny brave. He himself is no more discriminating in his taste than his half-civilized sister, but in the nature of men's clothing he cannot help looking better dressed than she. Shoes do not count for much in a Siwash outfit. In many cases they are omitted altogether; and when worn their presence is more noticeable than their absence would be, owing to the very peculiar gait and turned-in toes of the wearer. Many moons will come and go before the Siwash klootchman has all the kinks of the Paris fashions at her command, and before there are many samples of Siwash dudes among the braves. The Indian shows his queer taste in the purchase of other things as well as of clothing. An Alaskan brave was at tracted by a child's coffin in front of the undertaker's, and bought it to carry his other purchases home in. Besides hop-picking, fishing and clamdigging are legitimate Siwash occupations. These are mainly depended on in spring and early summer to furnish food and money. The half-civilized Siwash retains his time-honored aversion to burden bearing, and his klootchman plods along behind him with her burden of fish or clams in a basket at her back. It is interesting to watch a klootchman dig for clams. She makes a queer study with her stubby figure, bare feet, scant clothing, and red-kerchiefed head, as she digs in the mud flats when the tide is She knows where the clams are thickest by the bubbles they make in the mud. After her basket is filled with clams she whisks it back and forth in the water to clean them; an operation she evidently does not consider necessary for her feet, from which the mud is allowed to wear off, like walnut stains from the hands of a Buckeye boy in the fall. To one "born with an aversion to smells," the near presence of a clamselling klootchman is something devout ly not to be wished. The odor of fish smoke, and salt water, is enough to turn the stomach of a sleeping crocodile. Why an Indian woman is called "klootchman" I am not able to say, but such is the case. It is one of the vagaries of the Chinook jargon; the word comes from a Motka word meaning woman. The Chinook jargon is the Volapuk of the Siwash languages. The word Siwash means Indian in it, and is |