enabled to do-Gaussen, the author of Theopneustia, a valuable book on inspiration; F. Monod, long and well known in Paris for his faithful labours; C. Rieu, H. Pyt, and others, who have been eminent ministers of Christ. The Evangelical Society of Geneva, that has its professors of theology, missionaries, and other instrumentalities for the spread of the gospel, was the result of Mr. Haldane's devoted labours among the students. How great and extensive and lasting in usefulness has that labour of love become! It was the revival of the Church in the cradle of the Reformation.

Mr. Haldane pursued the same course at Montauban, where he resided more than two years. This city had been famous for its Protestantism, but, at the period referred to, was sunk in Arianism and Infidelity. Here the Lord owned his labours. Students were converted, and instead of a drowsy and unsatisfying Rationalism, not a few went forth to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ.

Excited and encouraged by the success of his expositions of the Scriptures to the students, Robert Haldane began to employ his pen in the publication of the truth. His writings have the highest value. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, the result of his studies and labours in Geneva, is one of the most important expositions of that great epistle. It has passed through several editions, and has been published in French and German also. The latest English edition is in three volumes. In 1816 he published two volumes on the Evidences and Authority of Divine Revelation, of which a third edition, in three volumes, appeared in 1843. He also wrote a number of pamphlets, and aided largely by his purse the publication of the valuable works of Dr. Carson, on the Inspiration of the Scriptures.

He was unwearied in his labours for the extension of the Redeemer's kingdom. Like many others, he did not escape

troubles. Differences arose in the communion which was established by the earnest preaching of his brother and others. Baptist sentiments were embraced by some. Financial controversies were excited by others. Literary attacks came from a third; personal accusations came from a fourth party; but Mr. Haldane was decided in the course he took, and continued to live for the Lord and his Church.

At Auchingray a small estate in Lanarkshire, which he purchased, and where he resided chiefly after his return from the Continent, he was in the habit of preaching to a few people. His sermons were very carefully prepared, and were much appreciated.

In December 1841 he left his country-seat for Edinburgh for the last time. His health was breaking down. His end drew near. Ere, however, he departed, he was enabled to show how brightly his piety shone, and how humble and dependent was his faith in the Lord. The last words he uttered were "For ever with the Lord,-for ever,-for ever;" and on the 12th December 1842 he slept in Jesus.

Much had been the opposition which he met in his evangelical work, but he lived it all down, and had the happiness of receiving the respect and affection of all Christian parties and eminent ministers of different Churches in Edinburgh ere he died.

Mr. James Haldane continued to live and labour for several years after his brother's death. He also wrote works intended to elucidate and defend the doctrines of atonement and justification by faith. In 1842 appeared Man's Respon sibility; in 1846, Christian Union; in 1845-7, two editions of the Doctrine of the Atonement; and in 1848, an Exposition of the Epistle to the Galatians.

These works have been deservedly esteemed in Scotland, where Calvinistic doctrines more extensively prevail among

evangelical Christians than in almost any other country. Amidst diversity of opinion on points of government, and even these the least essential, most Christians there hold the doctrines of the Westminster Confession, and, with a few exceptions, are Presbyterians. The labours of the Haldanes, therefore, contributed more to the revival of godliness and the defence of orthodoxy than to the establishment of a sect. Mr. James Haldane completed the fiftieth year of his pastorate in 1849, and had his jubilee celebrated by a meeting composed of ministers and others belonging to all evangelical denominations. The review of that half century was deeply interesting. During its course Mr. Haldane had seen abundant tokens of the Lord's goodness towards his native country. From the spiritual indifference of Moderatism to the fervent and liberal piety which characterized the period shortly after the disruption of the Church of Scotland, he had marked the gradual change, and had been instrumental in turning the current by the successful itineracy of his early preaching. From an apathy to missionary effort, which scarcely sustained a labourer in any part of heathendom, until India, Africa, and the Jews, had in many converts owned the zeal of Scottish interest in the conversion of the world; from the pastoral letter of the Church of Scotland which drove him and his friends without its pale, until hundreds of its ministers were preaching under the canopy of heaven, and planting churches everywhere, and hailing all ministers of Christ as brethren, he had observed and aided the change. He could review a period, from the feeble efforts of a few dissenters to preserve the gospel in the land until the time when scarcely a parish lacked a preached gospel, and voluntary effort supported more ministers and other agencies for good than the Established Church.

On February 8, 1851, while still making engagements to

preach, Mr. James Haldane entered into his rest, aged eighty

three years.

The lives of these brothers are eminently suggestive. When the heart is thoroughly devoted to the Lord, what may be accomplished among men! Having given themselves, they did not spare any talents, opportunities, or means, to serve the Lord in endeavouring to save souls; and the Lord accepted their sacrifice, and rewarded it largely. They went forth, bearing precious seed and weeping, amidst the ungodliness that prevailed when they began; but ere they passed away, how rich a harvest had they reaped, what sheaves filled their bosoms, and what a joyous harvest-home will theirs be when "souls whom they had taught the way to paradise" will gather round them in the day of the Lord

What encouragement to do good with wealth and talents is afforded by these lives! It is the repetition of a conclusion to which we frequently come, but it cannot be pressed home too often on professing Christians: "How much owest thou unto my Lord ?”

"Chosen, not for good in me,

Wakened up from wrath to flee,
Hidden in the Saviour's side,
By the Spirit sanctified;

Teach me, Lord, on earth to show,

By thy love, how much I owe.

"Oft I walk beneath the cloud,
Dark as midnight's gloomy shroud;
But when fear is at the height,
Jesus comes, and all is light;

Blessed Jesus! bid me show

Doubting saints how much I owe."

Slaves cannot breathe in England; if their lungs
Receive our air, that moment they are free;-
They touch our country, and their shackles fall!"

THE life of WILLIAM WILBERFORCE was an era in philanthropy. Christian benevolence received a development in him which it had not manifested before. He embodied and illustrated the spirit of Christianity as revived in the last half century. His character, therefore, belongs to all succeeding time, and is ever worthy of the study of all who would be useful in the world. His portrait demands a place in our gallery. Though his name is a household word, yet to many of our readers his history is unknown. This will excuse our attempt at a reproduction, after his Biography, the master-piece of Sir James Stephen; the stirring and suggestive sketch of the author of The Christian Life, Social and Individual; and the numerous essays which have already been written on one whose praise is in all the churches, and whose memory is fragrant among the negro freemen of our British colonies.

William Wilberforce was born at Hull, August 24, 1759,