increased in animation, five or six of his auditors would be seen to rise and lean forward over the front of their pews, still keeping their eyes upon him. Some new or striking sentiment or expression would, in a few minutes, cause others to rise in like manner: shortly afterwards still more, and so on, until, long before the close of the sermon, it often happened that a considerable portion of the congregation were seen standing, every eye directed to the preacher, yet now and then for a moment glancing from one to the other, thus transmitting and reciprocating thought and feeling: Mr. Hall himself, though manifestly absorbed in his subject, conscious of the whole, received new animation from what he thus witnessed, reflecting it back upon those who were already alive to the inspiration, until all who were susceptible of thought and emotion seemed wound up to the utmost limit of elevation on earth,when he would close, and they reluctantly resumed their seats."— Olinthus Gregory.

Dr. Hall was strongly moved by public affairs, and on several occasions he wrote and preached on the exciting topics of the day. The course of the French Revolution called forth several controversial essays from his pen, and his sermon on the death of the Princess Charlotte attracted universal attention by its commanding eloquence,

His published works have been printed in 6 vols., 8vo. The principal subjects are the following: Apology for the Freedom of the Press; Modern Infidelity Considered; Reflections on War; The Sentiments proper to the Present Crisis (1803); The Renewal of the Charter of the East India Company; Difference between Christian Baptism and the Baptism of John; A Vindication of Free Communion; Sermons, Charges, etc.

Hall belonged to that part of the Baptists who are in favor of free communion with other churches, and wrote much on the subject.

"The bold diction, the majestic gait of the sentence, the vivid illustration, the rebuke which could scathe the offender, the burst of honest indignation at triumphant vice, the biting sarcasm, the fervid appeal to the heart, the sagacious development of principle, the broad field of moral vision,-all these distinguish the compositions of Robert Hall; and we bear our most willing testimony to their worth."-London Quarterly Review.

Edward Irving.

EDWARD IRVING, 1792-1834, was a preacher of great power, and for a time he exerted a commanding influence; but, in his later years, he suffered from mental aberration, believing himself divinely inspired, and endowed with the "gift of tongues."

Irving was a native of Annan, Dumfries-shire, and a graduate of Edinburgh University. He was at one time assistant to Dr. Chalmers. Afterwards, he removed to London, where he was settled over the congregation in Regent's Square. Becoming erratic and visionary in his opinions, he was obliged to quit the church, but by the liberality of friends he opened a place of worship of his own, and there continued to preach to all that came to hear him. Before these mental aberrations, which threw a cloud over his closing days, he was greatly admired for his eloquence, and wherever he preached drew crowds of admiring hearers.

He published the following works: For the Oracles of God, Four Orations; For Judgment to Come, an Argument in Nine Parts; Babylon and Infidelity Foredoomed; The Last Days; Homilies on the Sacraments; Expositions of the Book of Revelation, etc.

ANDREW THOMSON, D. D., 1779-1831, was a Scotch divine, born in Dumfries-shire, and educated at the University of Edinburgh. He was one of the ministers in Edinburgh the last twenty-one years of his life. He was a man of commanding eloquence, and very resolute in attacking whatever he considered a public wrong. Among the subjects of his denunciation were the circulation of the Apocrypha by the British and Foreign Bible Society, lay patronage in the Church of Scotland, and British Colonial slavery. He was equally outspoken and persistent in advocating whatever he thought right. Among the objects of his advocacy were education, morality, and evangelical religion. "Ilis was no ordinary championship; although the weapons of our spiritual warfare are the same in every land, we all know that there was none who wielded them more vigorously than he did, or who, with such an arm of might and voice of resistless energy, carried, as if by storm, the convictions of his people."- Chalmers. Dr. Thomson's publications were: Lectures on Select Portions of Scripture; Sermons on Infidelity; Sermons on Hearing the Word; The Doctrine of Universal Pardon; The Scripture History; Sermons and Sacramental Exhortations.

Bishop Middleton.

THOMAS FANSHAWE MIDDLETON, D. D., 1769-1822, Bishop of Calcutta, was a man of most exact scholarship, and a great ornament to the Established Church.

Bishop Middleton's Sermons are considered models of style for masculine thought and energy of expression, His great work, however, was his Essay on the Greek Article. His discussion of this subject was exhaustive, and his positions in regard to it have never been seriously assailed. The discussion was important as determining certain critical passages in the New Testament which bear upon the question of the divinity of Christ.

"This is a book of profound learning and most masterly criticism. The first part of it is occupied with an inquiry into the nature and uses of the Greek article, and the second contains the application of the views previously established to the interpretation of many passages in the New Testament. The extensive philological attain ments of the learned writer are made most happily to bear in a number of difficult texts, and especially on some in which the doctrine of the divinity of Christ is contained," Orme,

SIR GEORGE PRETYMAN TOMLINE, 1750-1827, an eminent Bishop of the English Church, was born at Bury St. Edmund's, and educated at Cambridge. He was private tutor to William Pitt. When Pitt became First Lord of the Treasury, Tomline was his secretary, and remained with him until by the influence of the latter he became Bishop of Lincoln. Bishop Tomline published many works, but that by which he is chiefly known is Elements of Christian Theology, 2 vols., consisting of an introduction to the study of the Bible, and an exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles.

Adam Clarke.

ADAM CLARKE, LL. D., 1762-1832, a Wesleyan minister, obtained great celebrity as a commentator on the Bible.

Dr. Clarke was a man of great learning and industry, and was particularly noted as an orientalist. His Commentary, on which he spent a large part of his life, is usually published in 6 vols., 8vo. It is in high repute among all denominations, though a special favorite of course with the Methodists. He wrote also: A Bibliographical Dictionary, 6 vols.; Bibliographical Miscellany, 2 vols.; The Succession of Sacred Literature, 2 vols., and some other works.

HENRY MARTYN, 1781-1812, shed great lustre upon the missionary enterprise, both by the brilliancy of his talents and his devoted piety.

He was educated at Cambridge, and gave such evidences of scholarship and genius that official dignities of the highest kind would have been within his reach, had he remained at home. He embarked as a missionary to India in 1805, and labored chiefly in India and Persia. His learning and his dialectic skill served him in good stead in arguing with the Moolahs of Persia, while his example has not been lost upon the young men of high promise in England and America. His chief publications are Journals and Letters; Sermons preached in Calcutta and elsewhere; Controversial Tracts on Christianity and Mohammedanism, etc.

WILLIAM WARD, 1769-1822, was one of the noble band of early Baptist missionaries in India,

He was born at Derby, in England, and went upon his mission in 1799. After an absence of twenty years, he revisited England and various parts of Europe and America, and returned to his work in 1821, He died of cholera at Serampore, in 1822. Mr. Ward wrote An Account of the Writings, Religion, and Manners of the Hindoos, 4 vols., 4to; Farewell Lecture to Friends in Britain and America, on returning to Bengal in 1821.

JOHN WILLIAMS, 1796-1839, is known as "the Apostle of Polynesia," and "the Martyr of Erromango."

He was born near London, and embarked as a missionary to Polynesia in 1816. After many years of service as a missionary, he was killed by the natives at Erromango in 1839. He visited England in 1834-38. Besides books in the Raratongan language, he wrote a work of great interest and value, A Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands, with remarks upon the natural history of the islands, the origin, languages, traditions, and usages of the inhabitants.

RAMMOHUN ROY, 1776-1833, was a learned Brahmin, who was converted to Christianity, and embraced Unitarian or Arian views. He died in England, while ambassador of the King of Delhi. He was master of English, Sanscrit, and Bengalee, be sides several other oriental languages, edited the Bengal Herald, and published numerous works, some of a literary, the most of a theological character. The best known of them is perhaps The Precepts of Jesus, published in English, Sanscrit, and Bengalee.

Legh Richmond.

LEGH RICHMOND, 1772-1827, is known as the author of the Dairyman's Daughter.

Richmond was a native of Liverpool, and a graduate of Cambridge, 1794. He was a clergyman of the Church of England, of the evangelical school, and acquired great celebrity by the publication of three narrative tracts, The Dairyman's Daughter, The Negro Servant, and The Young Cottager, which have had an immense circulation. Of The Dairyman's Daughter alone, four million copies, in nineteen languages, had been sold as long ago as 1849. Richmond wrote some other works, but the foregoing are the chief.

WILLIAM MAGEE, 1765-1831, a native of Ireland, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he was afterwards a Professor and a Senior Fellow. He rose by degrees to be Archbishop of Dublin. He was a man of great learning and ability, and wrote several works. The one by which he is chiefly known is that on The Atonement, which is generally accepted as a masterly statement of the doctrine of the English Church on that subject.

Bishop Jebb.

JOHN JEBB, D. D., 1775-1833, was a learned and scholarly prelate, and contributed largely to theological literature.

Bishop Jebb was a native of Ireland, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and Bishop of Limerick. His principal works are the following: Sacred Literature, comprising a review of the principles of composition laid down by Bishop Lowth; Practical Theology, 2 vols., 8vo; Poetical Instructions relating to the Church of England; Thirty Years' Correspondence between Bishop Jebb and Alexander Knox; Piety without Asceticism, and several volumes of sermons.

WILLIAM HALES, D. D., 1778-1819, published a number of works on mathematics and theology; principally known by his New Analysis of Chronology, of which a second edition, revised, appeared in 1830. Said to be the most valuable work on chronology ever published. His other works are: Prophecies respecting our Lord; The Holy Trinity; Primitive British Church.

GEORGE HILL, D, D., 1750-1819, a divine of the Kirk of Scotland, was a native of St. Andrew's, and Principal of St. Mary's College in that city. He published Theological Institutes; Lectures in Divinity, and several other theological works of a high charHis Lectures in Divinity are the best known, and are often quoted.

acter.

JOHN EVANS, LL. D., 1767-1827, a Baptist clergyman of London, published many sermons and other theological works. Among these were An Attempt to Account for the Infidelity of the late Mr. Gibbon; also. A Brief Sketch of the Different Denominations into which the World is divided. Of this last-named work, fifteen editions, comprising 100,000 copies, were published during the author's life.

REV. JOSEPH BENSON, 1748-1821, was a Methodist preacher and writer of considerable note. His chief works are the following: A Commentary on the Scriptures, embodying the views of Wesley and others, 5 vols., 4to; A Defence of the Methodists; A Vindication of the Methodists; An Apology for the Methodists; A Vindication of Christ's

Divinity; and several volumes of Sermons and Plans of Sermons. "A sound scholar, a powerful and able preacher, and a profound theologian." -Adam Clarke.

REV. GEORGE BURDER, 1752-1832, an Independent preacher, was noted for his religious writings of a popular character, and especially for his Village Sermons. No less than eight volumes of these are published, and they enjoyed a high degree of popu larity. He wrote also quite a large number of Hymns, as a supplement to Watts.

JOSEPH GURNEY BEVAN, 1753-1814, a member of the Society of Friends, a druggist by profession, wrote a Life of the Apostle Paul, a Life of Robert Barclay, and a Refutation of Misrepresentations of the Society of Friends. "Mr. Bevan is the ablest of the Quaker apologists. He writes with good sense, good temper, and good feeling, and has, for the most part, divested himself of that vague and unsatisfactory mysticism in which the Quaker advocates have embedded themselves."-Lowndes.

Belsham.

REV. THOMAS BELSHAM, 1750-1829, was an English Dissenter, who embraced Unitarian opinions under the influence of Dr. Priestley, and was for a long time one of the leading supporters of Unitarianism in England.

Belsham's publications were numerous, and nearly all referred to this subject. Discourses, Doctrinal and Practical, 2 vols.; Discourse on the Person of Christ; Review of American Unitarianism; Review of Wilberforce's Treatise; Letters in Vindication of Unitarians, etc. Mr. Belsham took a leading part also in the Improved Version of the Scriptures, undertaken by the English Unitarians about the beginning of the present century.

WILLIAM BELSHAM, 1753–1827, brother of Thomas Belsham, was the author of several treatises on philosophical and moral subjects, and a voluminous writer of historical memoirs.

His works are: Essays, Philosophical, Historical, and Literary; Observations on the Test Laws: Historic Memoirs on the French Revolution; History of Great Britain from the Revolution in 1688 to the Treaty of Amiens, 1802, 12 vols., 8vo. As an historian, Belsham has a respectable standing, though in the portion of history connected with his own times he is charged with partisanship.

JOHN MILNER, D. D., 1752-1826, was an ecclesiastic of the Church of Rome, of high standing for learning and scholarship.

Milner's writings were numerous. The chief were the following: The History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, and A Survey of the Antiquities, of Winchester, 2 vols., 4to; and a polemical work, The End of Controversy, which has passed through many editions, English and American, and is very celebrated in theological literature.

CHARLES BUTLER, 1750-1832, was one of the principal Catholic writers of his day,