The Iran-Iraq War: Impact and Implications

American April armed forces arms embargo army attacks Ayatollah Ba'th regime Baghdad Basra belligerents billion ceasefire chemical weapons civilian co-operation conflict countries decision defence diplomatic domestic economic effort escalation European February Gulf Arab Gulf War ideological important initiative interests Iran and Iraq Iran-Iraq Iran-Iraq War Iran's Iranian revolution Iranian victory Iraq Iraq's Iraqi Islamic Republic Islamic revolution Israel Israeli issue July June Kayhan Khomeini Kurdish Kurds Kuwait leaders leadership Lebanon major Middle East military Minister missiles Moscow Muslim naval November October offensive official oil exports oil revenues operation peace periphery Persian Gulf pipeline political pressure production Rafsanjani reflagging region relations Report Resolution 598 Revolutionary Guards role Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia September 1987 Shah Shah's Shi'ite Soviet Union Strait of Hormuz strategic success superpowers Syria tankers targets Third World threat Turkey Turkey's Turkish United USSR Washington Western