power, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance."

2

Tim. i. 12. "I know in whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed to him." Heb. x. 22. "let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith." James i. 6. "let him ask in faith, nothing wavering." Heb. xi. 1. "faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen ;" where by substance is understood as certain a persuasion of things hoped for as if they were not only existing, but actually present. John viii. 56. "your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day, and he saw it." Hence implicit faith, which sees not the objects of hope, but yields belief with a blind assent, cannot possibly be genuine faith, except in the case of novices or first converts, whose faith must necessarily be for a time implicit, inasmuch as they believe even before they have entered upon a course of instruction. Such was that of the Samaritans. John iv. 41. of the nobleman and his family, v. 53. of Rahab, Heb. xi. 31. and of the disciples, who believed in Christ long before they were accurately acquainted with many of the articles of faith. Those also belong to this class, who are slow of understanding and inapt to learn, but who nevertheless believe according to the measure of their knowledge, and striving to live by faith, are acceptable to God. Isai. xlii. 3. "a bruised reed shall he not break, and 'the smoking flax shall he not quench." Mark ix. 24. "Lord, I believe, help thou mine unbelief." Faith is also called TETOídeos, or trust, with the same meaning. 2 Cor. iii. 4. "such trust have we through Christ to God-ward." Eph. ii. 11, 12. "in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him;" where however trust or confidence seems rather to be a particular effect or degree of faith, or a firm hope, than faith itself, inasmuch as it is said to come by faith: or perhaps by faith in this passage we are to understand the doctrine on which this confidence is founded. John xvi. 33. "be of good cheer" (confidite), "I have overcome the world." Hence to trust and to believe are indiscriminately used in the same sense, both in the Old and New Testament. Psal. lxxviii. 22. "because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation." İsai. x. 20. "it shall stay upon Jehovah, the Holy One of Israel, in truth" (fide). Psal. xxxvii. 5. “com

Jer. xvii. 7.

mit thy way unto Jehovah, trust also in him." "blessed is the man that trusteth in Jehovah, and whose hope Jehovah is." Matt. ix. 2. "Son be of good cheer" (confide);

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thy sins be forgiven thee." As to the three divisions into which faith is commonly distinguished by divines, knowledge of the word, assent, and persuasion or trust, the two former equally belong to temporary, and even to historical faith, and both are comprehended in, or, more properly, precede a full persuasion.

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ON THE SOLE AUTHORITY OF HIS PROMISE. John xx. 29. "blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." Rom. iv. 18. " who against hope believed in hope." v. 21. "being fully persuaded, that what he had promised, he was able also to perform." 1 Cor. ii. 4, 5. "my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power; that your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God." 2 Cor. iv. 18. "while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen." v. 7. we walk by faith, not by sight." 1 Thess. ii. 13. " when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God." Heb. xi. 7. "by faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet.' yet." v. 19. "accounting that God was able to raise him up.' 1 Pet. i. 8. "whom having not seen, ye love; in whom though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice." Tit. i. 2. "which God, that cannot lie, promised." Herein is manifested the excellence of faith, inasmuch as it gives to God the highest glory of righteousness and truth. John iii. 33. "he that hath received his testimony, hath set to his seal that God is true." Rom. iv. 20. "he was strong in faith, giving glory to God." Eph. i. 12. “that we should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ." 2 Thess. i. 10. "when he shall come to be admired in all them that believed." Heb. xi. 6. "without faith it is impossible to please him; for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him." v. 11. "because she judged him faithful who had promised." 2 Pet. i. 1. "to them that have obtained like precious faith with us, through the righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ." Hence the title of

1 Cor. i. 1 John i. 9.

Acts xxiv. 14.

faithful is frequently applied to God by believers. 9. x. 13. 2 Tim. ii. 13. "he abideth faithful." "he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins." WHATSOEVER THINGS HE HAS PROMISED. 'believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets." Rom. iv. 3. "Abraham believed God." v. 16. "therefore it is of faith.... to the end the promise might be sure." 1 John v. 14. "this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he heareth

us.

OURS ; that is, ours who believe. John i. 12. as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe in his name." xvii. 20. "neither pray I for these alone, but for them also that shall believe on me through their word." 1 Cor. iii. 22, 23. "all are yours, and ye are Christ's, and Christ is God's." Gal. ii. 20. “the life which I now live in the flesh, I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."

IN CHRIST. John vi. 29. "this is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent.” xiv. 1. “ye believe in God; believe also in me." 1 John iii. 23. "this is his commandment, that we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ." Rom. x. 9. "if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." 2 Cor. iii. 4. "such trust have we through Christ to Godward." Gal. iii. 22. "that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe." v. 26. "by faith in Jesus Christ.' 1 Pet. i. 21. "who by him3 do believe in God.... that your faith and hope might be in God." Heb. vii. 25. "wherefore he is able to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him." John xii. 44. "he that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me." Hence, as was shown in the fifth chapter, the ultimate object of faith is not Christ the Mediator, but God the Father; a truth which the weight of scripture evidence has compelled divines to acknowledge. For the same reason it ought not to appear wonderful if many, both Jews and others, who lived before Christ, and many also who have lived since his time, but to whom he has never been revealed, should be saved by faith in God alone: still however through the sole merits of

Christ, inasmuch as he was given and slain from the beginning of the world, even for those to whom he was not known, provided they believed in God the Father. Hence honourable testimony is borne to the faith of the illustrious patriarchs who lived under the law, Abel, Enoch, Noah, &c. though it is expressly stated that they believed only in God. Heb. xi.

ESPECIALLY THE GRACE OF ETERNAL LIFE. Mark i. 15. repent ye, and believe the gospel." John iii. 15. “ that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life." v. 18. "he that believeth on him is not condemned, but he that believeth not is condemned already." These passages are to be understood of those to whom Christ has been revealed; for to believe in one of whom we have never heard, is evidently impossible. Rom. x. 14. So also John vi. 47. "he that believeth on me hath everlasting life." 2 Thess. ii. 13. "because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the spirit and belief of the truth." Heb. x. 39. "of them that believe to the

saving of the soul." 1 Pet. i. 9. "receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls." 1 John v. 13. "these things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God, that ye may know that ye have eternal life."

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Seeing, however, that faith necessarily includes a receiving of God, and coming to him, John i. 12. as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name;" vi. 35. "he that cometh to me shall never hunger, and he that believeth in me shall never thirst;" Eph. ii. 18. "through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father;" iii. 12. "in whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him ;' Heb. vii. 25. "he is able to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him;" x. 22. "let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith;" seeing also that we must have a right knowledge of God before we can receive him or come to him, for "he that cometh to God, must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him,' xi. 6. it follows, that the source from which faith originally springs, and whence it proceeds onward in its progress to good, is a genuine, though possibly in the first instance imperfect,

knowledge of God; so that, properly speaking, the seat of faith is not in the understanding, but in the will.

From faith arises hope, that is, a most assured expectation through faith of those future things which are already ours in Christ. Rom. iv. 18, 19. " who against hope believed in hope," &c. viii. 24, 25. “. we are saved by hope; but hope that is seen is not hope, for what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for? but if we hope for that we see not, then do we with patience wait for it." xv. 13. "now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost." Gal. v. 5. "for we through the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness by faith." Heb. x. 23. "let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering." 1 Pet. i. 3. "who hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection." v. 13. “hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ." v. 21. "that your faith and hope might be in God." Heb. vi. 11. ". we desire that every one of you do show the same diligence to the full assurance of hope unto the end." Hope differs from faith, as the effect from the cause; it differs from it likewise in its object; for the object of faith is the promise; that of hope, the thing promised.

CHAP. XXI.-OF BEING INGRAFTED IN CHRIST, AND ITS

EFFECTS.

REGENERATION AND ITS EFFECTS, repentance and faith, have been considered. Next follows INGRAFTING IN CHRIST.

Believers are said TO BE INGRAFTED IN CHRIST, when they are planted in Christ by God the Father, that is, are made partakers of Christ, and meet for becoming one with him. Matt. xv. 13. " every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up." John xv. 1, 2. "I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman: every branch in me that beareth not fruit, he taketh away." 1 Cor. i. 30. "of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption." iii. 22, 23. "all are yours, and ye are Christ's, and