in nature; excluding fluorine, the other three are quite frequently found together. Chlorine. Chlorine is one of the gaseous elements, has a valence of I, III, V and VII, atomic weight 35.18. As has already been indicated, it is of a yellow-green color (from which its name), of a suffocating odor and quite destructive to plant and animal life. Scheele discovered chlorine in 1774, naming it "dephlogisticated marine chloric acid;' Bertholet changed the name to oxymuriatic acid. The elemental character was established by Davy about 1809, who also gave to it the name of "chlorine.' It is not found in uncombined state, but as salt (sodium chloride), its most useful and needful combination, is present everywhere. Commercially chlorine is extensively used as a bleaching agent, forming colorless compounds with the elements of organic coloring agents (destroys the colors). In medicine it is chiefly employed as a disinfectant and antiseptic. In the laboratory it is used for liberating iodine and bromine from its salts and as a oxidizing agent. Chlorine is not combustible, but a supporter of combustion and has great affinity for hydr gen; both characteristics are evidenced by inserting a small piece of gauze saturated with turpentine in a jar of dry chlorine gas, the turpentine is decomposed, evidenced by fire. The turpentine (a hydrocarbon compound) leaves as a residuum soot, the hydrogen unites with the chlorine to form hydrochloric acid. In the last Pharmacopoeia chlorine water, being a .4 of 1 per cent. solution of the gas in distilled water, was official. Owing to the fact that this preparation did not keep well and required a little skill on the part of the compounder, it was deemed advisable to displace it in part by the compound solution of chlorine of the present revision. The careful compounder is willing to go to some trouble in making preparations, while the indifferent one is very apt to be careless with compounds of this character. Our experience is that the present formula does not produce a solution of the required chlorine content, or at least the product will not long retain this strength. When chlorine water is desired by the physician he should be supplied with such a preparation. Chlorine gas may be obtained from hydrochloric acid by the use of heat and manganese dioxide, as shown by the following equation: Mn0.+4HCl=MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2. The manganese salt should be thoroughly moistened with the acid and be of larger amount than the latter; the first precaution is to prevent adhering dry oxide to the bottom of the flask and thus induce fracture, the other to insure a purer product. It is always best to pass the gas through a wash bottle. As an additional precautionary measure the generat ing flask should be provided with a safety Compound Solution of Chlorine. of affording a means of quickly obtaining a soThis solution was introduced for the purpose :tion of chlorine. The time consumed in mak ing it is not long and we would advise whenEven with the best of care it rapidly becomes ever practical to freshly prepare this solution. weak. The hydrochloric acid after dilution is added to potassium chlorate in a flask capable of holding at least twice the amount of solution to be made. The flask is stoppered with a funnel, in the neck of which some purified cotton order to hasten the reaction the flask is placed is placed, previously wetted with water. In in hot water for a few minutes, when the gas has sufficiently generated, i. e., the flask filled with the gaseous vapors, it is removed and half the necessary water added and carefully shaken, rotating first, then the next portion is added. The reaction occurring is shown by the equa tion: 1226 parts or Cc. and this equals 2.6 pints. How many pints of the weaker can be made from 500 grams of the stronger? Answer: The proportions remain the same, but as these are of volume, we must multiply these by their respective specific gravities in order to obtain proportion in weights. Multiply .897 by 42 and 61 by 1, we have the relation of 37.674 and 61 and 500 grams would make 1310 grams, and as the sp. gr. of the weaker is .958 the volume would be 1366 Cc. which is equal to 2.9 pints. Give quantity of each constituent required to make 8 avoirdupois ounces of Dover's Powder? Answer: Dover's powder has 10 per cent each of opium and ipccac and 80 per cent of sugar of milk. Ten per cent of 8 ounces is .8, eighty per cent of 8 ounces equals 6.4 ounces, or using grains, there are 3500 grains in 8 ounces, so we have 350 grains each of opium and ipecac and 2800 grains of sugar of milk. Liniments: (a) Define the term. (b) Name (b) Name three official liniments which contain camphor. (c) Three which contain a fixed oil. Answer: Liniments are fluid preparations for external application, usually containing an oil as solvent for the active constituent; sometimes the solvent is alcohol. Belladonna, camphor and soap. Camphor, lime, ammonia. State the kind of incompatibility which results when the following are mixed: (a) Tincture of opium with lead water. (b) Tincture of benzoin with rose water. (c) Tincture of iron with potassium iodide. Answer: Therapeutic and chemical, pharmaceutic, chemical. How may a solution be detannated? Name an official tincture which is often subjected to this process? Answer: With ferric hydroxide. Cinchona. Methyl Salicylate, U.S.P. (a) What is methyl salicylate? (b) Name two U.S.P. preparations of which it is the principal constituent. Answer: Ammonium mercuric chloride. Antimony and potassium tartrate. Copper subacetate. Ferric ferrocyanide. How can a sulphate be distinguished from a sulphite? A bromide from a chloride? Answer: When sulphite is added to diluted sulphuric acid and zinc, hydrogen sulphide is liberated. Sulphuric acid added to a bromide liberates bromine. What are the active principles of (a) Fish berries. (b) Benzoin. (c) Quaker button. (d) Senega. (e) May apple? Answer: Picrotoxin. Benzoic acid. Strychnine. Polygalic acid and senegin. Podophyllin. containing the following: White wax, almond oil, castor oil, lard oil. Name five official ointments. Name one each Answer: Ointment, ointment of rosewater, ointment of boric acid, ointment mercuric nitrate, belladonna ointment. Ointment contains white wax; ointment of rosewater, almond oil; no official ointment contains castor oil; lard oil is indirectly in ointment mercuric nitrate. How much morphine is contained in 60 minims of laudanum? Would this be a safe dose? Answer: Sixty minims should contain very nearly 7 grain morphine, therefore such dose would not be safe. RECENTLY ELECTED A. PH. A. OFFICERS. The board of canvassers appointed to examine and count the ballots for the officers of the American Pharmaceutical Association to serve for the fiscal year 1911-12, have submitted the tabulatedm record given below: Answer: An ester produced syntheticaly. bold, 162; T. Ashley Miller, 98. Oils of gaultheria and betula. President-John G. Godding, 635; Fabius C. God Iodide of Sulphur. (a) Name the process by which it is manufactured. (b) What change takes place when it is exposed to the air?. Answer: Fusion. Iodine is volatilized, not being a very permanent compound. Calx. (a) In what combination is it usually found in nature? (b) Give the chemical test for its presence in solution. Answer: Carbonate. Alkaline carbonates produce white precipitates, ammonium oxalate produces white precipitate insoluble in acetic acid. Give the chemical names of the following: (a) White precipitate. (b) Tartar emetic. (c) Verdigris. (d) Prussian blue. First Vice-President-Wilhelm Bodemann, 516; W. Second Vice-President-Chas. M. Ford, 406; F. W. Third Vice-President-Ernest Berger, 387; Chas. Members of the Council-Eugene G. Eberle, 624; From the above tabulation the successful candi- Ford; third vice-president, Ernest Berger. M. Good and George F. Payne. REALIZE YOUR AMBITION TO OBTAIN AN EDUCATION IN PHARMACY We offer a course of study in the elements of Pharmacy, prepared expressly for correspondence instruction, by OSCAR OLDBERG, Pharm. D., Dean of Northwestern University School University School of Pharmacy, Chicago. It is the strongest course that can be constructed for home students, and is offered with the assurance that any person who is competent to begin the study of Pharmacy can be prepared by us as well as by any other means to pass State Board examinations. The course prepared by Dr. Oldberg covers twenty-seven lessons; the last three are based entirely upon the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, which book is given to every student in addition to the volume containing the correspondence lessons. In the course unnecessary detail is eliminated, but the text is sufficiently clear and explicit to prepare the student adequately for his examinations. Recitation papers are corrected with greatest care and are returned to the student accompanied by printed answers to test questions. These answers furnish valuable side-lights upon the work, as they indicate how author and instructors would answer their own questions. Graduates in many of our courses may receive entrance credits in Northwestern University. Advanced credits are also given in various State Normal Schools. This connection should give students fullest assurance that instruction in all courses is on a high plane. Write for circulars giving full information. FREE TO DRUGGISTS EXPRESS CHARGES PREPAID. We will send free and express charges prepaid to every druggist who writes for them a supply of large lithographs of the celebrated horses Cresceus and Dan Patch and the runner Delhi, and smaller Lou Dillon, lithographs of the following horses: Cresceus, Star Pointer, Major Delmar, Audubon Boy, Sweet Marie, Dan Patch and Artful. We are sure you will appreciate these beautiful colored pictures, and as everybody loves a horse, we will furnish you with a limited a limited quantity of them for distribution among your customers. Our purpose is to get you interested in our well-known preparation, GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM BUSINESS CHANGES. Selma, Ala-S. P. Cook & Co. have been succeeded by G. A. Swift. Oklahoma, Ark. Dr. Fleming of Plainview, has bought an interest in a drug store here and will move to this place in the near future. Emerson, Ark.-Twitty & McIveene have been succeeded by Twitty & Mullins. Hot Springs, Ark.-R. G. Morris & Co. are remodeling their store. Osceola, Ark.-Brickey & Stancill are consolidat ing their two stores. Little Rock, Ark.-S. D. Knox has sold his drug business to the Ellis Drug Company. Mr. Knox will remain with the new firm during the present year. Little Rock, Ark.-The drug store in the State National Bank building has been sold to Price Shofer. Ola, Ark.-Dr. Flemming has moved to this place and bought an interest in the Towell Drug Store. San Jose, Cal.-A. C. Coit, formerly with Patterson's Pharmacy, is opening a new store on Market street. Monte Vista, Colo.-Abbott-Morgan Drug Company have succeeded Gooding Drug Company. Limon, Colo.-Thos. J. Bell has purchased Limon Drug Store. Atlanta, Ga.-The Jacobs' Pharmacy Company has secured the store at the northwest corner of Pryor and Mitchell streets, and opened its sixth branch store in Atlanta. It also has a branch store in Birmingham. Macon, Ga. - Valdosta Drug Company will move into the new building about January 1. Waycross, Ga.-Young-Roberts Drug Company has commenced business with capital of $20,000. Lawrenceville, Ga.-Eazard-Montgomery Drug Company recently succeeded to the A. M. Winn & Son Drug Company. Atlanta, Ga. Mr. James, formerly manager of Todd Drug Company, has bought the Avalon Drug Company store, located on North avenue and West Peachtree street. Caldwell, Idaho.-A. W. Porter is now sole proprietor of the store formerly conducted as Porter & Stone. Girard, Kan.-Dr. J. E. Cushenberry has sold a half interest in his stock of drugs, books and stationery to C. P. Burchfield. Galena, Kan.-W. H. Withrow, a druggist of this city, has gone to Delaware, Okla., to take charge of a new drug store being installed by the Campbell Drug Company. Esbon, Kan.-J. Jenkinson is building a twentyeight foot addition to the rear of the drug store. Fowler, Kan.-The firm of Cole & Robb, proprietors of the City Drug Store, has dissolved partnership, Dr. Robb having purchased the entire stock. Clyde, Kan.-Fred Cook of this place has purchased a drug store in Marysville, Kan. Winfield, Kan.-J. C. Crew and C. Z. Crew have taken charge of the Brow Drug Store, which is now "The Winfield Pharmacy." Parsons, Kan.-Fred Aidlot has purchased a half interest in the McKee Drug Store. The new firm will be known as the McKee Drug Company. Leroy, Kan.-J. W. Rayle has purchased the drug store of A. J. Athay and will continue the business in his own name. Jena, La.-Work has begun on the foundation of the new fireproof building for Jena Drug Store. Jackson, Miss-Phillips Drug Store has re-opened for business with E. J. Herbert in charge. Clyde Park, Mont.-Scheuber Drug Company has become owner of the Cullen Drug Company stock. Butte, Mont.-E. P. Wilson is the present proprietor of Depot Drug Store, formerly owned by Wilson Brothers. Fair Play, Mo.-The City Drug Store has again changed hands, this time passing to a Mr. Hines, a banker of Springfield. Mr. Reed is to have charge, assisted by Dr. G. W. Griffin. Breckenridge, Mo-C. C. Bush of Chillicothe, who recently purchased the Palace Drug Store, has changed the name to Bush's Pharmacy. Princeton, Mo.-Rev. C. T. Phillips announces that he has formed partnership with Drs. J. M. Perry, of Mercer, and B. S. Powell, of this city, and all have signed a contract for the establishment and maintenance of a drug store in the Phillips building on the east side of the square. Tuscumbia, Mo.-Drs. Kouns & Dickson have opened a new drug store in the McGee building. Pierce City, Mo.-E. L. Hagler has purchased A. L. Brown's interest in the drug store of Brown & Suttles of Monett, and the new firm will be known as Suttles & Hagler. Mr. Hagler will assume his interest about the twentieth. Beatrice, Neb.-G. A. Wunderlick has succeeded L. B. Van Dyke. Mindon, Neb.-L. E. Copeland is now sole owner of Copeland Drug Store. Humphrey, Neb.-M. B. Hardin has been succeeded by Mrs. O. M. Andrews. Tekamah, Neb.-Harry Hemping is now proprietor of the business formerly conducted by Curtis & Baker at Tekamah. Taos, N. M.-Dr. Woodman of Virsylvia has decided to open a drug store at Questa. Albuquerque, N. M.-B. H. Briggs has sold his drug business here. Farmington, N. M.-M. L. Burrows is opening a drug store here. Charlotte, N. C.-The Hamilton-Martin Drug Store will be remodeled in the near future. Asheville, N. C.-The name of Asheville Pharmacy has been changed to the Paragon Drug Company. Hollis, Ok.-The McFadin & Brown Drug Company organized recently. They will occupy the new brick building west of the Mike Bradley store. McAlester, Ok.-W. S. Lowe has bought the Harry Bettes' drug stock and will move it to a room in the Cambron block on the South Main street. Tonkawa, Ok.-Harry Walker and A. P. Willard of Wichita have established a candy store in the building west of the Commercial Hotel. Hammon, Ok.-Chartered: Hammon Drug Company, capital $3000. Incorporators: A. North, J. North and others. Okmulgee, Ok.-James B. Wheeler, owner of the Elk Pharmacy, has purchased the stock of drugs formerly owned by the McKee Drug Company. It will be known as "Elk No. 2." Oklahoma City, Ok.-Nate Link has opened a new store at 600 East Grand avenue. Grove, Ok.-Forbes Brothers have been succeeded by J. C. Holland. Luther, Ok.-Drs. Norman, McCool Company is to be the new style of firm succeeding G. R. Norman. Oklahoma City, Ok.-Tripeer & Pryor have sold the Capital Pharmacy to P. W. Frey of Amber. Greenville, S. C.-Chartered: Palmetto Pharmacy, capital $5000. Officers: R. M. Dacus, president, and M. C. Ware, vice president, secretary and treasurer. Columbia, S. C.-The Murray Drug Company has awarded a contract for construction of a new building to be occupied by their manufacturing department. The cost will be approximately $15,000. Pageland, S. C.-Chartered: Pageland Drug Company, capital $5000. Officers: J. A. Arant, president; J. A. Marsh, vice president, and T. W. Turner, secretary and treasurer. Cleveland, Tenn-Harle Brothers Drug Company stock has been sold to Park & Hicks. Cleveland, Tenn.-The W. O. Haggard Drug Company stock has been sold to L. P. Campbell. Memphis, Tenn.-Cole Drug Company stock is now owned by E. M. Blocker & Company, but still retains the name of Cole Drug Company. |