dissolved, and he was settled at Colebrook, Connecticut, in 1796. In 1799 he was elected President of Union College, at Schenectady, N. Y., and died in 1801.

In the character of his mind, he very closely resembled his father, as their lives had several very striking points of coincidence. To the father, we believe, is generally conceded the palm of genius, though the son is regarded as the more skilful dialectician. The father, said Dr. Emmons, had more reason, but the son was the better reasoner.

The two volumes, the title of which is placed at the head of this notice, contain, besides the short Memoir, a collection of the works of Dr. Edwards, most of which have been before published, but some of which are now "for the first time edited from his manuscripts." Of his works the two longest by far are his Reply to Dr. Chauncy's "Salvation for All Men," and a Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity in reply to Dr. West. On these his reputation as a "Divine and Philosopher" chiefly rests. They make up, with three or four short pieces in addition, the first volume. The second volume contains twentynine Sermons, several of them being occasional sermons before printed, and a selection of several short articles contributed by the author to a theological Magazine. The volumes are well printed, and furnished with a sufficiently copious index.

To those who are fond of reading the metaphysical divines of the last century, and tracing the changes which have been, from time to time, introduced into American theology, these volumes will prove very acceptable, and they deserve a place on the shelves of our public Libraries.

The senior Edwards, as it is well known, laid the foundation of those "Improvements in Theology," as they are termed, called Hopkinsianism, formerly Edwardean, or new divinity. Among these improvements one of the most important, according to the son, relates to Liberty and Necessity. Before the time of his father, he says, "the Calvinists were nearly driven out of the field by the Arminians, Pelagians, and Socinians. Watts and Doddridge had 'bowed in the house of Rimmon.'" Edwards came to the rescue, and put an end to the unseemly triumphs of the Arminians, by introducing the distinction between natural and moral necessity and inability, a distinction, we will not say with Dr. West, without a difference, but certainly one which, connected with Edwards's doctrine of predestination, does not help the Calvinists so far as regards the practical objections to their system. And so, we believe, it is generally felt. It requires something more than a metaphysical subtlety, at this time of day, to save Calvinism.

Critical Essays, on a few Subjects connected with the History and present Condition of Speculative Philosophy. By FRANCIS BOWEN, A. M. Boston: H. B. Williams.

THIS excellent volume is a republication of a series of articles, that first appeared in the Christian Examiner, and the North American Review. They attracted much attention when they were published, by the calm and sustained elegance of their style, their clearness and depth of thought, and their correct moral and religious tone. They appeared, from time to time, in the midst of extravagant opinions and ancient fallacies again revived; and they contrasted forcibly with the vapid sentimentalities and vague declamation, which were taken by many people as the indications of a higher philosophy about to dawn upon the world. It is but a short time since beardless young men, and maidens just entered upon their teens, who had possibly worried through a dozen pages of German speculation, and perhaps dipped into the eloquent lectures of Cousin, fancied themselves qualified to pass sentence upon the philosophy of Locke, as superficial and sensual. The mood of mind which then prevailed in certain circles was too absurd and extravagant to last long, and too ludicrous to do much harm. We never dreamed of any other conclusion to the philosophical vertigo than a speedy return to common sense. Accordingly we hear but little now of the enthusiastic nonsense, which a twelvemonth since resounded in many a fashionable drawing-room, and round many an æsthetic tea-table. We believe even Goethe's licentious novels have ceased to be considered "religious even to piety," as the Dial once pronounced his "Elective Affinities," the most licentious and detestable work of modern literature, to be.

If the philosophical fever led to no other good result, it is entitled to be respectfully remembered for being the occasion that called forth these able papers. We e are glad to see them collected and published in a permanent form. They are a valuable addition to the philosophical literature of the country and age. They are rich in thought, and a model of style; and will be read with profound interest long after the delusions of the day, the follies and affectations of æsthetic ladies and gentlemen, and the blasphemous ravings of the Chardon Street bedlamites, have sunk into merited and inevitable oblivion. into merited and

A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. By RICHARD J. CLEVELAND. In two volumes. Cambridge: J. Owen. 1842. pp. 249 - 240.

THESE Volumes comprise an account of the incidents, adventures, and enterprises of a life marked by unusual vicissitudes.

Mr. Cleveland began his nautical and commercial career nearly half a century ago, and continued it about twenty-five years. During this period, he engaged in hazardous and daring voyages, encountered difficulties which would have baffled the energies of a dozen ordinary men, met and overcame dangers which might have appalled the stoutest heart. The simple narrative of these enterprises, engaged in for the honorable purpose of acquiring an independence, is now given to the public. It makes no pretensions to literary elegance, and yet has the best qualities of the narrative style, being clear, correct, and graphic; free from the fashionable exaggerations of the times, but not wanting in spirit. It is principally, if not wholly, drawn up from journals kept at the time, and has an air of freshness and originality, which nothing but the vivid impressions of personal experience could have imparted.

a

Besides a narrative of remarkable excellence for its perspicuity, Mr. Cleveland has interwoven many lively sketches of character, drawn with a few bold and vigorous touches. The very interesting history of the young Count de Rouissillon, Polish nobleman, exiled for political causes from his country, with whom Mr. Cleveland and his friend Mr. Shaler accidentally became acquainted, and whom they invited to accompany them in one of the longest voyages here recorded, will at once occur to the reader's memory. The sketch of quite a different personage, the black man George, who was shipped by Mr. Cleveland in one of the early voyages, and remained a faithful and attached servant as long as he lived, is another portraiture nearly as interesting as the former.

In the course of his voyages, Mr. Cleveland was much more successful in making fortunes than in keeping them. No less than three times the much desired independence was not only within his reach, but actually in his hands, when suddenly the scene was changed, either by the treachery of the elements, or the greater treachery of the fraud and avarice of men; and the daring mariner was left to begin anew his chase, over the waves of the great deep, after the gifts of the fickle goddess. But his courage seemed never to have failed him in the midst of danger, nor his upright mind ever to have been driven from its high, disinterested, and honorable tone of feeling, by the piracy of an Admiral Cochrane, or the roguery of an Arismendi; the former of whom robbed him of his hard earnings, by the legal forms of an Admirality Court, and the latter cheated him, by a great mercantile fraud.

The straight-forward narratives and simple statements in these two volumes give us a most favorable impression of the author's character. They indicate intellectual powers of no common

sort, and moral qualities still rarer. Bravery, temperance, integrity, simplicity, and kindness seem to be its elements. The suppression of a mutiny on board the Caroline; the fact, that during all his fatigues and exposures he has totally abstained from ardent spirits, wine, and beer; the retrieving of the fortunes of the Beaver, after she had been abandoned by the owner to the underwriters; the confidence so readily placed in the verbal assurances of the venerable looking gentleman, who was the President of the Insurance Company, and received him with great politeness on his return, are strikingly characteristic, and show at once the real temper of the man. And the last shows, too, what a difference there is sometimes between assurance and insurance.

We dismiss this book with a strong commendation for its manly and simple spirit, and the high moral tone that pervades it. We hope it will be widely read by the young, who are just entering on the career of the business of life. The tendencies of the present age are not specially calculated to form upright and disinterested characters, as the frightfully numerous frauds that have come to light within a few years past, and are daily alarming the community, too sadly show.

Virgil with English Notes, prepared for the use of Classical Schools and Colleges. By FRANCIS BOWEN, A. M. Boston: Published by D. H. Williams. 1842. 8vo. pp. 600.

A GOOD service has been rendered to Classical learning in the United States, by the publication of this edition of Virgil. The text is an excellent one, and the typographical execution of the book does honor to the University Press, both by its elegance and correctness. The editor has made good use of all the best authorities in the preparation of his introductions and notes. The life of Virgil is well told, and the general views of the peculiar characteristics of each several kind of poetry are stated clearly and simply. This part of the editor's task will be peculiarly useful to the young scholar. The notes are partly grammatical and partly explanatory of difficult passages. Occasionally the editor calls the student's attention to the beauties of thought and expression, in a way that cannot fail to excite an interest and cultivate a taste for something higher than the mere words. Notes of this kind, when drawn up with good sense, are of great importance in an edition of an ancient Classic, because they serve to counteract the natural tendency of school and college training to confine the scholar's attention to mere philological topics. We have read a large portion of Mr. Bowen's Notes, and like them much. They are excellently adapted to make the student not merely understand the meaning of Virgil's words, but to make him feel all those exquisite touches, for which the poetry of the illustrious Roman is so distinguished.

NOTE. A review of Dr. Follen's works, already in type, together with notices of books received and others, are unavoidably deferred to

another number.

INDEX.

Cambridge Miscellany, the, noticed, East Lexington Church, a Sonnet,

VOL. XXXII. - 3D S. VOL. XIV. NO. III.