Degrees conferred, pharmaceutical chemist, 28; civil engineer, 5; bachelor of science, 11; bachelor of philosophy, 19; bachelor of arts, 39; doctor of medicine, 84; bachelor of laws, 122; doctor of homoeopathic medicine, 13; doctor of dental surgery, 10; second degrees, 30; total, 362. The total resources of the University for the fiscal year were $140,203.16; expenditures, $140,046.99; balance in treasury, $156.17.

The number of students in the Agricultural College for the year was 154. The annual expenses of students at this institution, after deducting what is allowed them for labor, is estimated at from $80 to $100. The new dormitory building, to take the place of the one burned, was erected and is now occupied.

tem, 5; diseases of the female sexual system, 14; puerperal, 10: epilepsy, 13; popular errors, 4; exposure in the army, 3; unassigned, 53. The number of insane in the State is estimated by the Superintendent at 1,200, and the number requiring asyluin treatment about 1,000. The Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane, at Pontiac, was not completed so as to be ready for patients at the end of the year.

In the Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, 215 deaf and dumb pupils received instruction during the year, and 51 blind pupils. Cabinetmaking, shoemaking, and printing are taught to the deaf and dumb boys, and basket-making and broom-making to the blind.

In the State Public School for Dependent Children at Coldwater, the whole number of students during the year was 509; apprenticed, 000 204; returned to coun26ac ties whence they came, 17; sent to the Reform School, 2; absconded, 4;

41 died, 30; remaining in

ost school, 252. In the State my Reform School at Lansing, the number of inmates at the beginning of the year was 242; received during the year, 123; released during the year, 103; remaining in school, 262. The parentage of those received was: American, 46; English, 2; Irish, 26; German, 13; Canadian, 19; colored, 6; unknown, 11. The pupils are mainly employed in making shoes and chairs, and in cultivating the farm. The State House of Correction and Reformatory at Ionia was opened for the reception of prisoners, August 15, 1877. Up to December 31, 1877, there had been received by transfer from State-prison, 116; by sentence from courts, 151; discharged in that time, 59; Offenders between number remaining, 208. the ages of 16 and 25 are sent here, except where the sentence is for life.

mained until, in 1868, he was elected Prince of Servia, to succeed his grand-uncle, Michael III., who had been assassinated. He did not assume the government himself, however, until August 22, 1872, up to which time the government was carried on in his name by a regency of three distinguished statesmen. Even at this time the hope was expressed by the Servians that Prince Milan would succeed in establishing an independent Servian Empire free from all connection with Turkey. During the war of 1876, the more ardent Servian patriots believed the time for establishing the independence of Servia to have come, and Prince Milan was proclaimed King of Servia by General Tchernayeff's army. The Prince was, however, forced, by the disapprobation of the great Powers of Europe, to disavow this act. Even during the war with Turkey, rumors of conspiracies to place Prince Karageorgevitch -the representative of a rival family, and the reputed author of the assassination of Prince Michael III.-on the throne were floating about; and, after the Servian reverses of 1876, another conspiracy was said to be gaining favor, to unite Servia with Montenegro under the rule of Prince Nicholas of that country. In 1877, Prince Milan was urged by the public feeling of Servia to unite with Russia against Turkey, and was evidently only restrained from this step by the influence of Austria. In 1875 he married Natalie de Keshko, the daughter of a Russian officer, by whom he has one son, Alexander, born August 14, 1876.

MINNESOTA. The question of the disputed bonds outstanding against the State was, perhaps, the most important topic of public discussion during the past year. It has claimed the attention of the people of the State for nearly 20 years. The history of this matter is given in the ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1875, article MINNESOTA. It will be sufficient to state here that the bonds in question, amounting to $2,275,000 of the $5,000,000 being authorized, were issued in 1858, and lent to railroad companies upon the authority of an amendment to the Constitution, made in that year. Soon after receiving them the companies failed to comply with the conditions upon which the bonds were granted, and payment was refused by the State. In 1860, another amendment to the Constitution was adopted, "expunging' "the amendment of 1858, and providing that "no law levying a tax, or making other provisions for the payment of principal or interest of the bonds denominated Minnesota State Railroad Bonds, shall take effect, or be in force, until such law shall have been submitted to a vote of the people of the State, and adopted by a majority of the electors of the State voting upon the same." Before this amendment was adopted, the mortgages held by the State had been purchased, and the mortgaged railroads bought by the Government at nominal prices. In May, 1871, a popular vote was taken on a proposition for

settlement by arbitration of these claims, when 21,499 votes were cast against and 9,293 in favor of the proposition, the total vote being less than half the average vote of the State.

The subject was again taken up by the Legislature in 1877, in response to the proposal, made by a holder of a large amount of the bonds, to exchange them for a new issue of bonds, and for an equitable adjustment of the interest due. The total amount of the principal and interest of the disputed bonds exceeds $7,000,000. The act of the Legislature, approved March 1st, constituted the Governor, Auditor of the State, and Attorney-General, and their successors in office, a Board of "Commissioners of the Public Debt of Minnesota," with power "to do all acts necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this act, whether such duties are specifically prescribed, or are, in the opinion of the Board, incident to their duties." The commissioners were authorized to prepare bonds to be known as the "Minnesota six per cent. bonds," of the denomination of $1,000 each, dated July 1, 1877, payable in 30 and redeemable in 20 years, with six per cent. interest, payable semi-annually. The terms on which these were to be exchanged for the old bonds were prescribed as follows:

SEC. 4. Whenever the commissioners of the public debt shall have notice that any holder of Minnechange of bonds provided for in this act, they shall cause to be engraved and printed such number of bonds as they may deem necessary, and when bonds are surrendered for exchange they shall cause to be executed for issue equal to $1,750 of new six per cent. bonds for each Minnesota State railroad bond so surrendered, and for each bond having attached 35 or more half-yearly-due coupons, and all other coupons pertaining to such bond not due on the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven (1877), said commissioners shall deliver to the party so surrendering a new Minnesota six per cent. bond, with full coupons attached, equal in amount to $1,500, with interest from June 1, 1377, but in case there shall be less than 35 past-due coupons with any bond, the amount of new bonds given in exchange shall be reduced ratably for the missing coupons, and the new bonds so accepted shall be in full of all claims against the State on account of the principal and interest of the bonds so surrendered, and for any portion of $1,000 that may arise in any adand receive the difference in cash, at par, for such justment, the commissioners may deliver a full bond fraction, or, at their option, they may pay the holder of such bond or fraction the amount due him in cash at par.

sota State railroad bonds wishes to make the ex

SEC. 5. The difference between the amount of quired to be delivered in exchange for each of said new bonds prepared for issue and the amount reold bonds, being $200, shall be reserved for the use of the State, and constitute a fund to provide for and pay interest as it may become payable on such new Minnesota six per cents. as may be issued, and the said commissioners are authorized to sell or hypothecate the bonds so inuring to the State, for the purpose of providing for such interest.

SEC. 6. That the judgments and interest due thereon, referred to and recognized by the Legisla ture of the State of Minnesota, by chapter one hundred and fifty-two (152) of special laws of 1867, are hereby recognized, and shall be liquidated and treated by the commissioners of the public debt in all

The act provided that no bonds should be issued, or anything done by the commissioners, until the people, at an election to be held June 12th, should ratify an amendment to the Constitution, authorizing an appropriation of the proceeds of 500,000 acres of internal improvement land for the payment of the bonds authorized by the act. At the time appointed the people voted on the proposed amendment, when 17,324 votes were cast in favor of it, and 59,176 against. The bond settlement was, therefore, rejected by a majority of 41,852. About 47,500 voters in the State did not vote. The prevailing sentiment of the people is manifestly against the repudiation of the disputed bonds, and the belief is general that the day of settlement is merely postponed.

The total receipts into the State Treasury during the year, including a balance of $116,264 on hand at the beginning of the year, amounted to $1,271,783; the disbursements were $1,138,512, leaving in the Treasury, November 30, 1877, a balance of $133,271. The chief sources of income were: State taxes, $432,725; taxes from railroad companies, $135,841; taxes from insurance and telegraph companies, $27,473; reform school indebtedness, $15,855; sale of sinking fund bonds, $99,045; interest on sinking fund bonds, $6,900; sale of pine on school lands, $24,835; interest on permanent school fund, $200,319; redemption of $77,800 United States bonds and premium on gold school fund, $80,740; sale of school lands in 1877, $17,142; sale of school lands in former years, $39,466; sale of university lands, $8,451; interest on permanent university funds, $16,744; sale of internal improvement lands, $5,340; sale of bonds of inebriate asylum fund, $16,162. The most important items of expenditure were: legislative, executive, and incidental expenses, $166,403; printing, publishing laws in newspapers, paper and stationery, $46,759; support of insane hospital, reform

school, deaf, dumb, and blind institute, soldiers' orphans, normal schools, and university, $248,553; enlarging university grounds, $7,979; inebriate asylum, $19,150; interest on State debt, $35,000; apportioned school fund, $199,981; purchase of bonds for invested funds, $318,516. The balance in the Treasury at the end of the year was $133,271.

The total valuation of the taxable property of the State, as determined by the Board of Equalization for 1877, was $221,000,000, an increase of $2,500,000 over that of the previous year. The rate of State tax is two mills, and the rate for all purposes, local and general, throughout the State shows an average of about 17 mills, which is a slight increase over that of the preceding year. There was an increase of about

450,000 acres to the total taxable property since the last valuation.

The completion of the report of the commissioners of statistics is necessarily delayed for a considerable time after the close of the year. The wheat acreage of the State was 1,800,840, which produced an aggregate variously estimated at from 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 bushels. The four leading cereals-wheat, oats, rye, and barley-produced an estimated total of 75,000,000 bushels; while the total value of the products of agriculture was believed to exceed $55,000,000. Although the soil has yielded as generously in some former years, the increased breadth of the several crops, as well as their bountiful product, distinguished the year 1877 as the grandest agricultural year of the State.