tected by a metal shield, when the distance shall be not less than one foot. Wood floors under all portable furnaces shall be protected by two courses of brickwork well laid in mortar on sheet iron. Said brickwork shall extend at least two feet beyond the furnace in front of the ash pan. (Id., sec. 84, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 490, as amend.)

§ 85. Registers.- Registers located over a brick furnace shall be supported by a brick shaft built up from the cover of the hot-air chamber; said shaft shall be lined with a metal pipe, and all wood beams shall be trimmed away not less than four inches from it. Where a register is placed on any woodwork in connection with a metal pipe or duct, the end of the said pipe or duct shall be flanged over on the woodwork under it. All registers for hot-air furnaces placed in any woodwork or combustible floors shall have stone or iron borders firmly set in plaster of paris or gauged mortar. All register boxes shall be made of tin plate or galvanized iron with a flange on the top to fit the groove in the frame, the register to rest upon the same; there shall be an open space of two inches on all sides of the register box, extending from the under side of the border to and through the ceiling below. The said opening shall be fitted with a tight tin or galvanized iron casing, the upper end of which shall be turned under the frame. When a register box is placed in the floor over a portable furnace, the open space on all sides of the register box shall be not less than three inches. When only one register is connected with a furnace said register shall have no valve. (Id., sec. 85, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 490, as amend.)

§ 86. Drying Rooms. All walls, ceilings and partitions inclosing drying rooms, when not made of fireproof material, shall be wire lathed and plastered, or covered with metal, tile or other hard incombustible material. (Id., sec. 86.)

§ 87. Ranges and Stoves.--Where a kitchen range is placed from twelve to six inches from a wood stud partition, the said partition shall be shielded with metal from the floor to the height of not less than three feet higher than the range; if the range is within six inches of the partition, then the studs shall be cut away and framed three feet higher and one foot wider than the range, and filled in to the face of the said stud partition with brick or fireproof blocks, and plastered thereon. All ranges on wood or combustible floors and beams that are not supported on legs and have ash pans three inches or more above their base, shall be set on suitable brick foundations, consisting of not less than two courses of brick well laid in mortar on sheet iron, except small ranges such as are used in apartment houses that have ash pans three inches or more above their base, which shall be placed on at least one course of brickwork on sheet iron or cement. No range shall be placed against a furred wall. All lath and plaster or wood ceilings over all large ranges and ranges in hotels and restaurants, shall be

guarded by metal hoods placed at least nine inches below the ceiling. A ventilating pipe connected with a hood over a range shall be at least nine inches from all lath and plaster or woodwork, and shielded. If the pipe is less than nine inches from lath and plaster and woodwork, then the pipe shall be covered with one inch of asbestos plaster on wire mesh. No ventilating pipe connected with a hood over a range shall pass through any floor. Laundry stoves on wood or combustible floors shall have a course of bricks, laid on metal, on the floor under and extended twenty-four inches on all sides of them. All stoves for heating purposes shall be properly supported on iron legs resting on the floor three feet from all lath and plaster or woodwork; if the lath and plaster or woodwork is properly protected by a metal shield, then the distance shall be not less than eighteen inches. A metal shield shall be placed under and twelve inches in front of the ash pan of all stoves that are placed on wood floors. All low gas stoves shall be placed on iron stands, or the burners shall be at least six inches above the base of the stoves, and metal guard plates placed four inches below the burners, and all woodwork under them shall be covered with metal. (Id., sec. 87, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 490.)

§ 88. Notice as to Heating Apparatus.- In cases where hot water, steam, hot air or other heating appliances or furnaces are hereafter placed in any building, or flues or fireplaces are changed or enlarged, due notice shall first be given to the Department of Buildings by the person or persons placing the said furnace or furnaces in said building, or by the contractor or superintendent of said work. (Id., sec. 88, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 490, as amend.)

§ 89. Gas and Water Pipes.- Every building, other than a dwelling house hereafter erected, and all factories, hotels, churches, theatres, schoolhouses and other buildings of a public character now erected in which gas or steam is used for lighting or heating, shall have the supply pipes leading from the street mains provided each with a stopcock placed in the sidewalk at or near the curb, and so arranged as to allow of shutting off at that point. No gas, water or other pipes which may be introduced into any building shall be let into the beams unless the same be placed within thirty-six inches or than two inches in depth. All said pipes shall be installed in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Board of Buildings. All gas brackets shall be placed at least three feet below any ceiling or woodwork, unless the same is properly protected by a shield; in which case the distance shall be not less than eighteen inches. No swinging or folding gas bracket shall be placed against any stud partition or woodwork. No gas bracket on any lath and plaster partition or woodwork shall be less than five inches in length, measured from the burner to the plaster surface or woodwork. Gaslights placed near

window curtains or any other combustible material shall be protected by a proper shield. (Id., sec. 89, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 490, as amend.)

Part 17.— Roofs, Leaders, Cornices, Bulkheads, Scuttles and Tanks. § 90. Mansard Roofs.- If a mansard or other roof of like character having a pitch of over sixty degrees be placed on any building, except a wood building, or a dwelling house not exceeding three stories nor more than forty feet in height, it shall be constructed of iron rafters and lathed with iron or steel on the inside and plastered, or filled in with fireproof material not less than three inches thick, and covered with metal, slate or tile. (Id., sec. 90, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 493, as amend.)

§ 91. Cornices and Gutters. On all buildings hereafter erected within the fire limits, the exterior cornices, inclusive of those on show windows, and gutters shall be of some fireproof material. All fireproof cornices shall be well secured to the walls with iron anchors, independent of any woodwork. In all cases the walls shall be carried up to the planking of the roof. Where the cornice projects above the roof the walls shall be carried up to the top of the cornice. The party walls shall in all cases extend up above the planking of the cornice and be coped. All exterior wooden cornices that may now be or that may hereafter become unsafe or rotten shall be taken down, and if replaced, shall be constructed of some fireproof material. All exterior cornices of wood or gutters that may hereafter be damaged by fire to the extent of one-half shall be taken down, and if replaced shall be constructed of some fireproof material; but if not damaged to the extent of one-half, the same may be repaired with the same kind of material of which they were originally constructed. (Id., sec. 91, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 493, as amend.)

§ 92. Bulkheads on Roofs and Scuttles.- Bulkheads used as inclosures for tanks and elevators, and coverings for the machinery of elevators and all other bulkheads, including the bulkheads of all dwelling houses more than four stories in height hereafter erected or altered, may be constructed of hollow fireproof blocks; or of wood covered with not less than two inches of fireproof material, or filled in the thickness of the studding with such material, and covered on all outside surfaces with metal, including both surfaces and edges of doors All such buildings shall have scuttles or bulkheads covered with some fireproof materials, with ladders or stairs leading thereto, and easily accessible to all occupants. No scuttle shall be less in size than two by three feet. No staging or stand shall be constructed or occupied upon the roof of any building without first obtaining the approval of the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction. (Id., sec. 92, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 493, as amend.)

§ 93. Tanks.- Tanks containing more than 500 gallons of water or other fluid hereafter placed in any story, or on the roof or above the roof of any building now or hereafter erected, shall be supported on iron or steel beams of sufficient strength to safely carry the same; and the beams shall rest at both their ends on brick walls or on iron or steel girders or iron or steel columns or piers of masonry. Underneath any said water tank or on the side near the bottom of the same, there shall be a short pipe or outlet, not less than four inches in diameter, fitted with a suitable valve having a lever or wheel handle to same, so that firemen or others can readily discharge the weight of the fluid contents from the tank, in case of necessity. Such tanks shall be placed where practicable at one corner of a building, and shall not be placed over nor near a line of stairs. Covers on top of water tanks placed on roofs, if of wood, shall be covered with tin. (Id., sec. 93.)

§ 94. Roofing and Leaders Within the Fire Limits.- The planking and sheathing of the roofs of buildings shall not in any case be extended across the side or party wall thereof. Every building and the tops and sides of every dormer window thereon shall be covered and roofed with brick, tile, slate, tin, copper, iron; or plastic slate, asphalt, slag, or gravel may be used, provided such roofing shall be composed of not less than five layers of roofing felt, cemented together and finished with not less than ten gallons of coal tar, pitch or asphalt to each 100 square feet of roof, or such other quality of fireproof roofing as the Board of Buildings, under its certificate, may authorize, and the outside of the frames of every dormer window hereafter placed upon any building shall be made of some fireproof material. No wood building within the fire limits more than two stories or above twenty feet in height above the curb level to the highest part thereof, which shall require roofing, shall be roofed with any other roofing or covered except as aforesaid. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the repairing of any shingle roof, provided the building is not altered in height. All buildings shall be kept provided with proper metallic leaders for conducting water from the roofs in such manner as shall protect the walls and foundations of said buildings from injury. In no case shall the water from the said leaders be allowed to flow upon the sidewalk, but the same shall be conducted by pipe or pipes to the sewer. If there be no sewer in the same street upon which such buildings front, then the water from said leader shall be conducted by proper pipe or pipes, below the surface of the sidewalk to the street gutter. (Id., sec. 94, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 494, as amend.)

Part 18.- Elevators, Hoistways and Dumb-waiters.

§ 95. Elevators and Hoistways.- In any building in which there shall be any hoistway or freight elevator or wellhole

not inclosed in walls constructed of brick or other fireproof material and provided with fireproof doors, the openings thereof through and upon each floor of said building, shall be provided with and protected by a substantial guard or gate and with such good and sufficient trap-doors as may be directed and approved by the Department of Buildings; and when in the opinion of the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, automatic trap-doors are required to the floor openings of any uninclosed freight elevator, the same shall be constructed so as to form a substantial floor surface when closed, and so arranged as to open and close by the action of the elevator in its passage either ascending or descending. The said Commissioner of Buildings shall have exclusive power and authority to require the openings of hoistways or hoistway shafts, elevators and wellholes in buildings to be inclosed or secured by trap-doors, guards or gates and railings. Such guards or gates shall be kept closed at all times, except when in actual use, and the trapdoors shall be closed at the close of the business of each day by the occupant or occupants of the building having the use or control of the same. (Id., sec. 95, rev. from L. 1882, ch. 410, § 492, as amend.)

It is the duty of an owner of a building to protect a hatchway by a suitable railing. McRickard vs. Flint, 114 N. Y. 222; Atkinson vs. Abraham, 45 Hun, 238. And see Malloy vs. N. Y. Real Est. Assn., 156 N. Y. 205.

§ 96. Elevator Inclosures.- All elevators hereafter placed in any building, except such fireproof buildings as have been or may be hereafter erected, shall be inclosed in suitable walls of brick or with a suitable framework of iron and burnt-clay filling, or of such other fireproof material and form of construction as may be approved by the Department of Buildings, except that the inclosure walls in non-fireproof buildings over five stories high, used as warehouses or factories shall be of brick. If the inclosure walls are of brick, laid in cement mortar, and not used as bearing walls, they may be eight inches in thickness for not more than fifty feet of their uppermost height, and increasing in thickness four inches for each lower fifty feet portion or part thereof. Said walls or construction shall extend through and at least three feet above the roof. All openings in the said walls shall be provided with fireproof shutters or fireproof doors, made solid for three feet above the floor level, except that the doors used for openings in buildings intended for the occupancy of one family may be of wood covered on the inner surface and edges with metal, not including the openings in the cellar, nor above the roof in any such shaft walls. The roofs over all inclosed elevators shall be made of fireproof materials, with a skylight at least three-fourths the area of the shaft, made of glass set in iron frames. When the shaft does not extend to the ground the lower end shall be inclosed in fireproof material. (Id., sec. 96, as amend. by ord. app. June 26, 1902.)