the difadvantage of exchange; and even that has remained unpaid for more than a year, owing, perhaps, to the interrupted communication with that kingdom.

But here it is necellary that I fhould add, that the Cardinal is heavily bur thened with the annual fim of four thousand crowns, for the dowry of the Counters of Albany, his fifter-in-law; three thoufand to the mother of his deceafed niece; and fifteen hundred for divers annuities of his father and his brother; nor has he credit to fupply the means of acquitting thefe obligations.

This picture, neverthelefs, which I prefent to your friendship, may well excite the compattion of every one who will reflect on the high birth, the elevated dignity, and the advanced age of the perfonage whofe situation 1 now fketch, in the plain language of truth, without reforting to the aid of eloquence! I will only intreat you to communicate it to thofe diftinguished Perfons who have influence in your Government, perihaded as I am, that the English magnanimity will not fuffer an illuftrious Perfonage of the fame Nation to perish in mifery! But here I paule not withing to offend your national delicacy, which delights to act from its own generous difpofition, rather than from the impulfe and urgency of

others.

We have here not only the Cardinal Duke, but other Cardinals, viz. the two Dorias, Caprara, and Livizzani; and, perhaps, very foon they will be all here, as it is probable the Conclave will be held in this place, as it has pleafed God to deliver from all his labours the fo eminently unfortunate Pius VI, who cherished for you the molt tender affection, and who was pleated, when he was in the Carthu fan convent at Florence, to inveft me with the charge of the Pro-prefecture of the congregation of Propaganda but I fall Fide. My fails me, paper never fail being

Your true Friend and Servant, STEPHEN, CARDINAL BORGIA. The fubfequent Letters were written in the Conclave, in the Isle of St. Geogio, the regulations of which exact, That all Letters fhall be inspected by

* The Count Is Alberitort.

GENT. MAG. January, 1894.

the Cardinals Infpe&tors, before theg
are permitted to be forwarded.

Venice, Jan. 4, 1800.
Apprifed by your much-esteemed

letter of the 16th of November, I re-
ceived a fecond from you of the 2nd,
and after that, the last, dated the 26th
of the fame month, with the joyful in-
telligence of the fpeedy and extraordi
nary fuccour your generous Minifters
have been pleafed, through me, to
tranfinit to the eminent Perfonage,
who, truly fenfible of the delicacy
and liberality of your Nation, has ex-
preisly, and repeatedly, directed me to
return to you, and by your means to
noble minded co-operators, his
your
moft expreffive and cordial thanks. I
have been obliged to make over to
Signor Corrado Martens the order of
Mellrs. Ranfom and Morland for the
five hundred pounds *; as the necell-
ties of the Perfonage required it.

I am not capable of explaining the fatisfaction the illuftrious Pertonage has expretled to me, for the certainty of the annuity you inform me will be fettled on him, in order to relieve him effectually from the difirefles into which he has been plunged by his laft misfortunes; for which reafon he feels all the weight of the obligation he has to you, as the efficacious and friendly promoter of it, and to your great Mi nifters + for this munificent annuity.

I am here fhut up in the Conclave for the election of a new Pope, with thirty-four Cardinals, who, being apprifed of the generofy of your Nation in favour of their illuftrious colleague, are unanimous in applauding that most noble act, and extolling all the cooperators

in it.

I am greatly obliged to the worthy Mr. Stuart for his remembrance of me, and for the gracious offer he makes of his Hiftory of the Royal Aloufe of Stuart. That book will be a fine ofna

me

**This fum was firft fent to be applied to the exigency of the moment, at the dif cretion of Cardinal Borgia, and was a terwards repaid by the Cardinal of York, from the fum derived from his Majesty's beneficence.

+ The Cardinal had not the received the letters, intimating, that the relief, fince afforded to the Cardinal of Yok, is gracionfly derived from his Majefy's Privy

Purie.

ment to my library, which, with my
muteum, I have almost entirely faved
from the general depredation. I thall
keep it in remembrance; but, how-
ever, I beg of you to prefent my most
affectionate thanks to him, as I do to
the firft and efficacious Promoter of
fo many gracious acts; not only in my
name, but in that of the diftinguished
Perfonage whom you have fo much
obliged. I am, with the trueft and
moft cordial efteem,

Your fincere friend and fervant,
S. CARDINAL BORGIA.

Venice, Feb. 26, 1800. I have received from Signor Corrado Martens, at the fame time, four of your moft efteemed letters, that is to fay, two of the 3d and 16th of December, 1799, a duplicate of the latter, and the fourth of the 28th of laft January. The day after the arrival of thefe letters, which gave the highest fatisfaction to my illuftrious Colleague, an English gentleman entered the Conclave, who was the bearer of a very polite letter from Lord Minto, affuring him of the Royal munificence to the extent of two thoufand pounds fterling, which is to be repeated, to his order, fix months after, in the fame propor

tion.

I am unable to relate to you the praifes given, by all their Eminences affembled here, to the Roval benevolence, and to the English Nation; and in this applause the names of thofe who aflifted in pronzoting it re-echoed, and especially that of my friend, Sir John Hippifley, the principal mover of fo good an action.

Thefe fentiments of gratitude, more particularly to you and Mr. Stuart †, may be known by the letter which my illuftrious Colleague addreffes to you: what my own feelings are, I refrain from expreffing; I referve them in my breaft, and thall manifeft them when ever a fortunate opportunity may occur

to ferve you.

My otherColleagues, whom you have complimented through me, defire me to return you their most expreffive regards, and particularly Cardinal An

Mr. Oakley, the eldest fon of Sir Charles Oakley, Bart, who was confidenrufted with this delicate commiffrom Lord Minto, his Majefty's Envoy,

&c. at Venna.

The late Andrew Stuart, efq. M. P.

tonelli, who told me he had received your letters. I am, with the most true and cordial cfteen,

Your fincere friend and fervant, S. CARDINAL BORGIA. (The Letters of Pope Pius VII. and

the Cardinal of York in our next.)

Prayer intended for the Confecration of the Colours of the Queen's Royal Volunteers, Jan. 4, 1804. (See p. 72.) Let us pray.

GR

RACIOUS and merciful Lord God, by whom kings reign, and princes decree juftice; who alone canft order the unruly wills of finful men, and make thy faithful fervants to rejoice in a fincere obedience to thy law; we moft humblyproftrate ourselves at the footfiool of thy DivineMajelly, to render thee the fruit of our hearts, under a deep fenfe of gratitude for all thy goodnets. Animated by examples of faith and love towards thee, which, as the happy fubjects of thefe realms, we behold mott worthily fet before us; we alpire to emulate thofe Royal Patterns of piety, and of every Chriftian virtue, which thy paternal Providence hath kindly ordained to prefide over us, for our truett welfare. Blefs, O Lord, efpecially, the offering here folemnly prefented, for thine honour, and for the jutt incitement of thy favoured people! Crown with thy holy Benediction thefe Banners of Fidelity: we ardently confecrate them to Thee, and to thy fervice: with lowly confidence we fet them up, in thy name, as the tokens of heartfelt reverence for thee, our God; of loyalty to our King; and as the fairest pledges of national and focial love. May every one who fhall bear or follow them in this moft interesting caufe, and in firm dependence on thy mighty arm for protection and defence, be ever infpired with zeal for thy glory, and for the good of this our highlydiftinguifhed land! and, duly confi dering, with devout aflonishment, thy fingular bounties to our Church and Nation, may our brethren, now in arms to preferve thy bleffings, feel every fenfe of duty bound upon them by the tirongest ties; and be found at length amongst the chief inheritors of thy future favour! High and low, rich and poor, one with another, all acting as with one heart, and with one foul, may we make it our dearest interefl, and fed it in life and in death our best reward, to have thus been

faithful to our truft in the day of trial! and, by a cordial obedience to thy will, thus openly to have prefented our hopes of thine eternal merey, through the alone merits and mediation of Jefus Chrift, the Son of thy Love, the Captain of our Salvation! Unto whom, with thee, O Father, and the Holy, Spirit of Truth, be afcribed allory, gratitude, and praife, now, and for evermore! Amen.

Mr. UREAN, London, Jan. 9.

other. And the French, heretofore a
wife and religious people till their re
volutionary maniacifm took place, may
yet recover their fenfes once again, and
emerge from under the fharp teeth of
a Triple Confulate, if they wish to be
reinflated in their former mods of go-t
vernment. But, as this is no concern
of us Englishmen, let them chute for
themselves. One confideration, nowe
ever, feems worthy of their
thought; that is, how much
they might gain by truding

WHILST other pers have been thau ever they are likely to do by fight

employed, ex abundanti, in delineating the atrocities of the infamous French Invader, it has been my endeavour (as it was my hearty wish to be enabled) to effect the interference of - the other European Powers, and to

thew them the danger of fuch an afpir. ing ambitious Rival.

I am glad to fee, Mr. Urban, after our truly Chriftian prayers offered up for our enemies, a little relaxation of apparent malice and revenge, by ceafing to expose fo publicly our declamatory fentiments for certainly to "a fierce and haughty Foe," any further provocation is needlefs: we pray likewife to be faved from ourelves;" i. e. from any vain confidence in our felves and the arm of fiefh; but rather implore aid from the God of battles, who giveth victory unto kings, and 1 that he will be graciously pleated to fave ours from the peril of the fword : and let every Briton fay, "Up, Lord, difappoint our enemy and caft him down. this ungodly-one, this fword of thine!"

Though the ways of Providence are dark and intricate;" yet, doubtlefs, the Almighty "fets the prefent un godly man to rule" (over the French), and lets Satan ftand at his righthand," for the wifeft reafons, probably for the chaftilement of both Na tions, as a punishment of their bloodguiltinels, and of our difiipation and profligacy but, when the eyes of both people fhall be opened to fee their errors, fo as to "return to Him who fniteth them;""who ruleth the raging of the fea, the noife of its waves, and the madness of the people;" the Supreme Ruler of the univerfe may then caufe the jarring Nations to accord, and be at peace with each

ing us. And for proofs of this, we may refer them to the hiftory of times paft. Yours, &c. SENEX.

Mr. URBAN, Aylesbury, Jan. 12.
R.

Kippis could not eafily mittake the defign of Dr. Geddes in hs Macaronic Epiftle; but his accurate judgment induced him to admire a production, which, though the child of the moment, has feldom in its kind been equalled. When Bofwell, in his firft edition of the Life of Dr. Johnton, had reflected unguardedly upon that learned editor of the Biographia Britannica for inferting more lives of his brethren, in proportion, than of the Efiablifhed Clergy, the Doctor returned fo mild a remonftrance, and pointed out his miftake fo clearly, the that Gentleman prudently withdrew the charge in his next edition.

"We often," fays that Divine to me, "write against each other, and yet our friendship and efteem are not in the leaft diminished." I cannot, indeed, give a ftronger proof of the estimation in which that eminent Prefbyterian Minifier was held, than by relating the following anecdote, which I received from a refpectable Gentleman, who was prefent on the occafion. When Dr. Kippis was fome years fince at Buxton, a learned and pious Dignitary of the Church of England, (to the beft of my recollection) the late Dr Courtenay, fince Bishop of Exeter, read prayers in the great room which ́s appropriated for that purpose, there being no chapel in the place, and afterwards the amiable Noncon delivered a dif courfe, which was heard with great attention and approbation.

Few men indeed were at once fa learned and fo humble; fo well ins formed, and yet fo unaffuming. Yours, &c. J. HARRIS

Alpha

Alphabetical Lift of the principal Techical Terms introduced into the Purfuits of Architectural Innovation. MACE. A feel weapon, borne by our antient kings, or other great perfonages, in battle. Its form, a fhort ftaff, headed either with feveral finall axes or pikes.

Mail, or Ring Armour. This defence, as we fee in' our antient feelp tures and paintings, covered the whole body, being exactly fitted to the fhape; the face was left expofed, except the nofe, which was defended by a part of the full-cap called the nafel. The rings, compofing this armour, were woven together in different ways; the earliest fort were not very complex; but thofe of later times had the work done in fo curious a manner, that or nament was combined with firength, preventing the effects of word or lance for a time, until the rings become broken, then the chance of wounds of death became the probable confe quence.

Mantle. An antient, outer, digni

have been wrought either of cryftal or polifhed ficel.

Miffal. See Illumination. Let us, however, repeat the titles of the Louteral Plaiter, Sherborne Miffal, Bedford Miffal; and again exprefs out fatisfaction at the great care beftowed on their prefervation.

Mitre. Part of the paraphernalia of a bithop; being the covering, or cap, worn by them on folemn occations. By confulting our antient fculptures and paintings, alfo braffes, a complete feries may be traced, fhewing the different fizes, fhapes, and enrichments, they have undergone.

Modern. That which is the reverse of antient, or what relates to our own times; but more imediately to be underflood in this Lift as the works of art which have come forth among us! fuce the reign of Henry VIII. Monaftery. See Abbey. Monk. See Fryar.

Monogram. A curious character of this kind is frequently to be met with m our antiquities. I. II. S. A remark fied robe. able example feulptured in a fall OraMarble. In our antient works, mar-tory at Grantham; where the letter I. bles, the produce of this country (except in a very few inftances we find foreign marbles introduced) alone were ufed, and for the particular purpotes of ftone feats, monumental flabs, early tatues, early columns, altar-tables, &c. Mafon. A mechanic, who prepares and forins all kind of ftone-work for buildings, and who puts the feveral parts together, in order to conftruct

the fane.

Mafoury. The art of creating stone buildings; and, in regard to the work ing part, are the plain grounds, mouldings, &c. belonging thereto. Our antient afonry, by the judicious difpofure of the various ftones, proper choice of materials for cement or mortar, and the fortunate ignorance of iron cramps, has produced edifices which have endured ten or twelve centuries; while our modern trials of kill in this branch, by a direct oppofite rule of practice, rear up piles, creating more furprite, if they exit one century, than is conceived at those our old fructures, the labours of ages pait.

Minfirel. An antient musician. Mirror In out Antiquities are the figures of females holding in their hands this reflector of their charms. The make is generally circular, the diameter, it is fuppofed, 6 inches, and nut

(when clofely infpected) gives the figure of St. John', H. our Saviour on the erofs; and S, the Virgin Mary and two pious attendants. Another example, purely ornamental, in the groins of the cloifters of St. Stephen's Chapel, Weltminfer, &c. &c.

Monument, A fepulchral memorial for the deceated; confifting of a defign in Mafonry, Sculpture, and Painting, together forming a fracture made out with columns, arches, canopies, niches, and armorial bearings, linguifhed by proper colours, &c. Within is a recumbent hatue of the perfon to be commemorated, laid on an oblong pedelal or tomb. Our antient fepulchral monuments are numerous, fplendid, and hiftorical. One of the moft tranfcendant works of this kind is the monument of Edn,und Crouchback, in Westminster-abbey. Its unrivalled excellence can only be exceeded by the contempt evinced for it (confidering the condition in which it is left) by thofe who have it under care. One inftance of this firange neglect is, the South front is fuffered to be nearly hid from view by a paltry modern oal fence.

Monumental Chapel. A fmall buildThefe fubjects engraved, vol. 11. Autient Sculpture and Painting.”

1804. Technical Terms in " Archite&ural Innovation."

ing erected over a deceafed perfon, and
is placed on either fide of a nave or
choir of a church. It is open on each
fide, North and South, that the view
from the fide ailes may not be inter-
cepted. At the Eaft end is an altar,
and in the center of the defign a tomb,
with the ftatue of the founder. Of this
fpecies of art we have alfo many extra-,
ordinary fpecimens left. William of
Wykeham and Cardinal Beaufort's
monumental chapels, Winchelier;
Abbot Ramridge's at St. Alban's, &c.
Mortar. See Cement.

Mofaic. Pavement, inlaid with dif-
ferent finall pieces of fione of various
colours; reprefenting men, animals,
Roman
buildings, ornaments, &c.
fpecimens of this fort are continually
difcovered by digging; and performis
ances of a later date are remaining
in Weftminster-abbey, Canterbury ca-
thedral, &c. &c.

Mouldings. In architecture, are finall projections beyond the face of a wall, as fillets, columns, woodwork, &c. rounds, hollows, ogees, &c. appertain ing to architraves, cornices, &c. In our antiquities, the Saxon, Norman, Edwardian, and Tudor orders of architecture, have each a diftinct feries of mouldings belonging to them.

Mullions. Thofe perpendicular collections of mouldings which divide the openings of our antient windows into two, three, or more lights. At a cer

tain height thefe mouldings diverge

right and left, interfect, unite, and le-
parate again; they filling the head of
the window in fuch a manner, as to
atlord thofe pleafing and unceasing
variety of fhapes, known by the name
of tracery.

Minds, or Globe. Is that part of
the royal regalia which a king holds in
one hand, while in the other is held
the fceptre. It appears by our antient
paintings, the globe was tranfparent
(being, it is fuppofed, made of Crystal),
and divided into three parts, exprelling,
A cross was
air, earth, and water.
placed on the top of the globe.

Mufic. In order to prove that this
divine fcience was ever at a high pitch
of perfection in this country; not only
hiftory inftructs us that in the time of
the Saxons there were divers musical
intiruments, parucularly organs of an
enormous fize; but our feulptures and
paintings in regular fucceflion, through
all the eras of our antiquities, afford
abundant and curious examples of the

37

mufical inftruments then made use of
That we had in thofe periods mufical
performances in fcore, or paris, is very
certain (however urged by fome that
little of this fort of compofition was
known until the 16th century), as we
meet with the reprefentations of fingle
and double organs, cruths or violins,
tenor ditto, bafs ditto, theorbes, flutes,
pipes, trumpets, firft, fecond, mean,
and bafs; harps and dulcimers of va-
rious kinds; drums, fingle, double;
tamboreens, hand-bells, and many
more, too numerous to mention here.
Hence it may be conceived, from the
variety of tones produced by the above-
named inftruments, when properly ap
plied and founded to mufical charac
ters, what a melodious and delightful
Concert must have been the refult. It
would be an infult to the feelings and
underlanding of our forefathers, to fup-
pole them deficient in this branch of
human knowledge, while we are fo
ready to acknowledge they poffeffed all
other mental perfections. If we boaft
a Purcel and a Handel of thefe latter
times, why may we not imagine we
hear the melodies of ages gone (the
genius of which is fill before us, in
Laws, Architecture, &c.) devifed by an
Aribert, or a Hugolin; to inspire he-
roic ardour, or raife devotion's fer-

your?

Mr. URBAN, Manchester, Jan. 17.

MILES is, naturally enough, con

fufed by the difcordant opinions of two profeflional men refpecting the application of the tourniquet. It appears wonderful that fuch a question thould have arifen upon the fubject as he has fated, in any furgeon's mind; for, of the fuperior efficacy of partial in addition to general preffure, I cannot fee how a doubt can exift. In almoft every violent hæmorrhage from the extremities, the wounded artery is either the principal one of the limb, or an immediate branch of it; and furely it is much better, and more rational, to direct your preffure particularly to the courfe of that veffel, as well as to the whole limb, than to truf to the more uncertain and painful mode which the Lecturer recommends; and which would now and then nearly amount, in its effects, 10 what might not im properly be called ligature amputation. Much lefs general reffure will be fuf

Various examples engraved in vol. 1Į. of "Antient Sculpture and Painting."

ficient