citizens of the Territory. There are over 10,000 children of school age, and in many sparsely settled localities it is difficult to provide for their education. He urges the acquisition by the Government of the valuable coal and mineral lands on the San Carlos Reservation. He also points out the need of a fourth judge. Election. The election on the 4th of November resulted in the choice of the Republican candidates for delegate to Congress and Superintendent of Public Instruction. The vote for delegate was as follows: Republican, 6,820; Democratic, 5,671.

The Legislature, according to the latest report, will stand as follows: Council-Republicans, 6; Democrats, 5; Independent, 1. House-Republicans, 12; Democrats, 11; Independent, 1.

ARKANSAS. Elections.-The Republican State Convention assembled in Little Rock on the 8th of April, and, after passing a complimentary resolution commending the administration of President Arthur, electing delegates to the Republican National Convention, and authorizing the Central Committee to place before the public a State ticket, adjourned. The committee met on the 15th of August, and nominated the following ticket:

Thomas Boles, Governor; Paul Graham, Secretary of State; S. A. Duke, Treasurer; J. R. Berry, Auditor; Jacob Tricher, Attorney-General; J. A. Barnes, Commissioner of State Lands; T. B. Ford, Superintendent of Public Instruction; W. N. May, Chancellor; W. W. Hughey, Chancery Clerk.

The Democratic State Convention assembled at the capital on the 25th of June, and nominated the following ticket:

Simon P. Hughes, Governor; E. B. Moore, Secretary of State; W. E. Woodruff, Jr., Treasurer; A. W. Files, Auditor; D. W. Jones, Attorney-General; Paul M. Cobbs, Commissioner of State Lands; Wood E. Thompson, Superintendent of Public Instruction; D. W. Carroll, Chancellor; J. W. Callaway, Chancery Clerk.

With the exception of Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney-General, the present incumbents were renominated. After electing delegates to the National Democratic Convention, uninstructed except to vote as a unit, the convention adopted a platform from which the following are extracts:

We hold there can be no conflict between the Fed

eral and State governments in the exercise of their legitimate functions, and are unalterably opposed to the assumption of power upon the part of either, without constitutional warrant; for which reason we condemn the tendency of the Republican party to centralize all power in the Federal Government.

We favor reform and retrenchment in the public service, and declare our adhesion to the Democratic party upon the subject of the tariff, holding that the grant to Congress by the Constitution to lay and colTect imposts was intended to raise revenue, and forbids the opposing policy of the Republican party of fostering one branch of industry to the detriment of another, and the promotion of the interests of some to the injury of other portions of our common country. And we demand a material reduction of the present excessive tariff duties, and such revision of the laws imposing them as will equalize the burdens

and benefits derived from their levy and collection, and that no more revenue from all sources should be collected than is necessary for a wise and economical administration of the government.

We approve the action of the Legislature in resubmitting the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the State with respect to the railroad aid, Holford, and levee bonds, and relegate the question to the people as a non-political issue, to be voted on in accordance with each voter's conviction of right. We are in favor of legislation which fosters equally the manufacturing and agricultural industries of the State, oppose all discriminations whatever, and recommend the enactment of liberal laws to encourage immigration, the construction of railroads, and the development of our rich mineral and timber resources; but all grants of corporate powers and franchises must be guarded against abuse, and held subject to the regulating power of the people.

We reaffirm our devotion to the cause of education, and will uphold and maintain our free common schools by voluntary taxation; and we pledge in behalf of a cause so essential to the happiness and liberty of the people the fostering care and aid of the State.

At the State election, held on the first Monday in September, the entire Democratic ticket was elected by majorities of about 45,000.

The State Senate consists of 32 members, of whom 29 are Democrats, 1 Independent Democrat, 1 Republican, 1 Greenbacker. The lower House of the Legislature has 94 members: 77 Democrats, 15 Republicans, and 2 Greenback

ers.

The Legislature meets on the second Monday in January.

On the 1st of September, Chief-Justice E. H. English died. He had occupied the place for twenty-five years. For the vacancy the Democrats nominated Sterling R. Cockrill, Jr., and the Republicans M. W. Benjamin. A special election was ordered for the 4th of November, and Mr. Cockrill received 72,215 votes, and Mr. Benjamin 50,452.

The result of the vote for President was as follows: Cleveland, 72,927; Blaine, 50,895; Butler, 1,847. There was no electoral ticket in the field for St. John. The five Congressmen elected are all Democrats.

License.-Arkansas has a law that permits each county to determine for itself whether liquor shall be sold within the county during the ensuing two years after a general State election. At the September election seven counties voted against license, viz.: Ashley, Columbia, Franklin, Garland, Johnson, Logan, and Pope. The remaining sixty-eight voted for license. The total vote for license in the State was 91,926; against, 44,873; majority for license, 47,053.

Bonds. Another important question voted upon at this election was a proposed amendment to the State Constitution forever prohibiting the General Assembly from providing for the payment of any of the bonds of the State known as "Railroad Aid," "Levee," and "Holfords." Under an act of the Legislature passed on the 8th of July, 1868, submitted to and ratified by the people almost unanimously at the November election that followed, the bonds of the State were authorized to be issued to the extent of $11,000,000 to aid in the con

Indebtedness.-The State now owes the following undisputed debt:

Bonds drawing 5 per cent. interest..
Bonds drawing 6 per cent. interest..
Bonds drawing no interest
Interest overdue and unpaid.

Aggregate principal and interest..

8,100

$5,108,048 Sufficient funds are in the treasury to redeem the $8,100 non-interest-bearing bonds not yet presented for redemption. There will be in the treasury on the 1st of January, 1885, about $250,000. The bonded debt outstanding is composed of the original $3,000,000 authorized to be issued for the establishment of a Real Estate and State banks, from which the $500,000 Holford bonds are to be deducted. Most of these bonds are funded under the act of 1869, and the interest is paid up to 1878. The question of a new funding act, by which all this indebtedness is to be refunded in a new bond, will occupy the attention of the incoming Legislature.

Wealth of the State. In 1883 the taxable property of the State was $126,862,392. The assessment for 1884 will show an increase of about $5,000,000. This is based on official returns from fifty-three out of the seventy-five counties in the State.

Population.-Immigration has steadily poured into the State during the year, the population now being estimated at 1,000,000.

Crops. From crop statistics made to the Secretary of State, it is ascertained that a much larger acreage was planted during the year than in 1883, and the yield was greater by one fourth, both of cotton and corn. The autumn season was exceptionally fine for the gathering of cotton, and the staple was exceed ingly good.

Public Lands.-The Commissioner of State Lands reports that the State now has for disposal 80,000 acres of swamp and overflowed, and 2,000,000 acres of lands forfeited for the non-payment of taxes. The former are disposed of at one dollar an acre, the latter at fifty cents an acre, or, upon occupation and settlement, each head of a family can have 160 acres by simply paying an office-fee of five

dollars.

ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. American.-The thirty-third meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science was held in Philadelphia, Sept. 4 to Sept. 11, 1884. Owing partly to the recent meeting of the British Association, it was more largely attended than ever before. Prof. C. A. Young, of Princeton, the retiring President, was succeeded by Prof. J. P. Lesley, of the University of Pennsylvania. At the opening meeting the necrological list for the year, and the list of proposed new members, the contributions received, etc., were read. The principal gift was one of $1,000 from Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson, of Stamford, Conn., to be expended in researches in heat and light. Governor Pattison, of Pennsylvania, delivered the address

A. Mathematics and Astronomy-H. T. Eddy, of
Cincinnati; G. W. Hough, of Chicago.
B. Physics-John Trowbridge, of Cambridge; N.
D. C. Hodges, of Salem.

R. B. Warder, of North Bend.
C. Chemistry-John W. Langley, of Ann Arbor;

D. Mechanical Science-R. H. Thurston, of Hoboken; J. Burkitt Webb, of Ithaca.

E. Geology and Geography-N. H. Winchell, of Minneapolis; Eugene A. Smith, of Tuscaloosa. Bessey, of Ames. F. Biology-E. D. Cope, of Philadelphia; C. E.

G. Histology and Microscopy-T. G. Wormley, of Philadelphia; Romeyn Hitchcock, of New York. H. Anthropology-E. S. Morse, of Salem; W. H. Holmes, of Washington.

I. Economic Science and Statistics-Jolin Eaton, of Washington; C. W. Smiley, of Washington.

The reading of papers, of which over 200 were announced, and of which 304 were finally read, was begun immediately on the opening of the sessions of the sections. Five sections met daily at 2.30 P. M., and the remaining four at 4 P. M. The papers of Prof. Langley on "The Study of Chemical Affinity," of Prof. ics in our Universities," and of Prof. Winchell Eddy on "The Modern Teaching of Mathemat

on

"The Geology of the Crystalline Rocks of the Northwest," were among the important papers of the first day. On the second day, in the Anthropological Section, much attention was excited by a paper read by Mrs. Alice C. Fletcher on the habits and customs of the Omaha Indians. On this and succeeding days several papers in this section were read by ladies. In Section E, an interesting paper was Level of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexiread by Prof. J. E. Hilgard on "The Relative co, with Remarks on the Gulf Stream and of level of the ocean at the mouth of the MisDeep-Sea Temperature." In it the difference sissippi and at Sandy Hook, N. J., was stated to be forty inches. This was regarded as a startling assertion, requiring the high authority of its author to sustain it. Other more technical papers were read in the other sections. At a general meeting in the forenoon Prof. Minot presented a petition, signed by many eminent scientists, reading as follows:

The undersigned respectfully request the British Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Association for the Advancement of Science to consider the advisability of forming an International Scientific Congress, to meet at intervals in the different countries, and, if it should be found desirable, to take measures to initiate the undertaking.

The same petition had been presented to the British Association in Montreal. The American Association referred it to a committee,

who were to confer with the British committee. It seems probable now that no such Congress will for the present be organized.

The proceedings were interrupted on the 6th and 7th; and on Monday, the 8th, more papers were read, and receptions were offered the members of the Association by the University of Pennsylvania and the Woman's Medical College. One of the notable papers of this day was presented by Thomas Hampson, in Section I, treating of the apprenticeship system, and the possibility of substituting therefor technical training by lectures or trade-schools. On the next day the election of officers for 1885 took place, with the following result:

President.-Prof. H. A. Newton, of Yale. VicePresidents.-Section A: J. M. Van Vleck, of Middletown, Conn.; Section B: Prof. C. F. Brackett, Princeton College; Section C: William R. Nichols, Boston; Section D: Prof. S. Burkitt Webb, Cambridge; Section E: Prof. Edward Orton, Columbus, Ohio; Section F: Prof. B. G. Wilder, Cornell University; Section G: Prof. S. H. Gage, Cornell; Section H: Prof. William H. Dall, Washington; Section I: Prof. Edward Atkins, Boston. Permanent Secretary.-Prof. F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge (re-elected). General Secre tary.-Charles Sedgwick Minot, Boston. Assistant General Secretary.-C. C. Abbott, Trenton. Secretaries of the Sections.-Section A: E. W. Hyde, of Cincinnati; Section B: Prof. A. A. Michaelson, of Cleveland, Ohio; Section C: Prof. F. P. Dunnington, University of Virginia; Section D: C. J. Woodbury, Boston; Section E: Prof. H. Carvill Lewis, Philadelphia; Section F: M. C. Fernald, Maine; Section G: W. H. Walmsley, Philadelphia; Section H: Chairman, Prof. Dall; Secretary, Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith, New Jersey; Section I: J. W. Chickering.

This is the first time in the history of the society that a woman has been elected an officer of a section. Mrs. Smith had attracted much attention the week before at the Montreal meeting of the British Association, where her paper on the Iroquois Indians had been favorably received. The next place of meeting was also chosen-Bar Harbor, Maine, with Ann Arbor, Mich., as a second choice, in the discretion of the Secretary, if found more suitable. The general meeting closed with the adoption of resolutions, prepared by Prof. Trowbridge, asking Congress to provide at once for the extension of geodetic and topographic surveys over the whole country, without regard to State boundaries. In the Anthropological Section another paper on the Omaha Indians was read by Mr. Frank La Flesche, a full-blooded Omaha. In the same section Prof. Edwards Morse read a paper entitled "An Interview with a Corean." It was most interesting, and excited a great deal of attention. The chair was occupied during its reading by Prof. Kubuchu, of the University of Tokio. On the following day various excursions to the West and North were arranged for. One feature of the proceedings was a paper, read in Section H, by Prof. Graham Bell, on "The Evolution of a Race of DeafMutes in America." He asserted that congenital deafness was on the increase, and was hereditary to the fourth generation in some

cases. He advocated a mingling of the deaf and dumb with the rest of the people. When the last day of the session, Sept. 11th, was reached, only six of the nine sections were unadjourned. Most of the papers were technical. In the Section of Geology a paper of general interest, by Prof. H. Carrington Bolton, of Trinity College, and Prof. Alexis A. Julien, of Columbia College, was read. Its subject was "Musical Sand," a variety that produces a long, musical sound, like the note of a violin, when it is compressed. In the Chemical Section, Prof. A. Vernon Harcourt spoke, by special invitation, on "Minute Study of Chemical Change" and on "A Lamp for producing Constant Fire."

Owing to the illness of Prof. Lesley, Prof. Cope presided at the general meetings. By one census, the number of members, with guests, was put at 1,257, of whom 300 were foreigners. Among other exercises of special interest may be mentioned the following: Prof. Young's introductory lecture on "Pending Problems in Astronomy"; Prof. Cope on "Evolution and Origin of Life"; Prof. J. B. Martin, of England, on "The Future of the United States "; Prof. E. L. Nichols, of Lawrence, Kansas, on "The Sensitiveness of the Human Eye"; and Prof. R. S. Ball, Astronomer Royal of Ireland, on "The Methods of measuring Distances between the Stars." Three hundred scientists came by special train from Montreal, where the British Association had just closed its meeting.

Abstracts of the papers will be found printed in the journal "Science," published in Boston. British. The fifty-fourth annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science was held in Montreal, Canada, from Aug. 28 to Sept. 3, 1884. For the first time in its history its annual meeting occurred outside of the British Islands. The society was founded fifty-three years ago, by Sir David Brewster, Sir Humphry Davy, Sir John Hershel, and other eminent scientists. To attend the Montreal meeting 800 members crossed the ocean. The sum of $10,000 was raised in the city of Montreal to defray the expenses, and 300 members were received as guests in private residences. The Council of the Association invited the standing committees and fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science to attend as honorary members. The proceedings were opened with an address from the Mayor and Corporation of Montreal, and on the following day the Governor-General, Lord Lansdowne, welcomed the Association.

The President - elect, Lord Rayleigh, Professor of Experimental Physics in Cambridge University, was introduced by Sir William Thomson. Prof. Rayleigh's address on "Progress in Physics" has attracted much attention. The work of the society, which represented the reading of 327 papers, was divided among eight sections. The eight sections, whose presidents