MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.-Archæological Appointments-Anglo-Saxon Names -Separation of the Sexes in Church-Lord Brougham-Mr. D. H. Wil- DALMATIA AND MONTENEGRO ; with a Journey to Mostar in Herzegóvina, &c. Sonnet by John Adamson, Esq. of Newcastle, on the loss of his Library by fire Lines to the Memory of Thomson: by the Rev. John Mitford Some Historic Doubts respecting the Massacre at Fort del Ore. By the Rev. Mr. William Greatrakes, the friend of Lord Shelburne and Colonel Barré.... RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.-The History of Dimagorus, by John Quarles. Twysden on the Government of England, edited by J. M. Kemble, 609; Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art, 613; Characteristics of Men of Genius, 620; Lindo's History of the Jews of Spain and Portugal, 621; Jermyn's Book of English Epithets, 622; Miscellaneous Reviews LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.-University of Cam- bridge-King's College-Royal Society of Literature, 626; Zoological OBITUARY: with Memoirs of Sir Andrew Agnew, Bart.; Sir Anthony Lech- mere, Bart.; Capt. John Simpson, R.N.; Lieut.-Colonel Tytler; Horace Twiss, Esq. Q.C.; George Gardner, M.D.; Mr. Samuel Maunder; Mr. Thomas Rodd; Mr. J. F. Pennie; Rev. John Edmeads; Mr. Austin; Embellished with two Views of DIOCLETIAN'S PALACE at SPALATO; ROMAN MINOR CORRESPONDENCE. Pilgrimage by the Roman Wall.-Some of the antiquaries of Newcastle have issued a programme for a complete survey of the Roman Wall, to commence at Wallsend on Monday the 25th of June, and terminate at Corbridge and Dilston on Tuesday the 3rd of July. The description of the intended route points out its attractions not only to the Roman-antiquary, but to the students of medieval history, the admirers of Sir Walter Scott's poetry, the botanist, the conchologist, and the geologist. For further particulars we beg to refer to the advertisement on the wrapper of our present number, and we shall hope to give a satisfactory account of the accomplishment of this interesting enterprise hereafter. The annual meeting of the Archæological Institute of Great Britain will com. mence at Salisbury on Tuesday the 24th of July; and the Congress of the Archæological Association is fixed for the 30th of July at Chester. Upon looking at the paper by H.C.C. in your last Magazine, "On the Descent of certain English Surnames," I see he has placed the surname of Pott, as if derived or descended from Putta, a name by which many Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastics were called in works of that time. With submission, I beg to say that I have been led to believe that PUTTA was the Latinized form adopted by the learned Anglo-Saxons for their name of PUTTOCK. Indeed, that was used as the surname of Alfric, Archbishop of York. See Florence of Worcester,' ," and "Gibson's Camden," in Lincolnshire, p. 480, edit. 1695.-J. P. Our correspondent, B. N. in p. 496, suggested that the separation of the sexes during divine service, still practised at Tunbridge Wells, "is doubtless of Puritan origin." PRESBYTER ANGLICANUS, M.A. begs to remind him that this rule is of ancient date in the Church, and remarks that it is still observed in the nave of Enfield, Middlesex, and in some Churches of Somersetshire. In the Book of Common Prayer set forth in 1549, the following rubric occurs in the office of the holy communion: "As many as shall be partakers of the holy communion, shall tarry still in the quire, or in some convenient place nigh the quire, the men on the one side, the women on the other side." [Keel ing's Liturg. Brit. p. 185.] This order is in conformity with the practice of the primitive Church in very early times, certainly in the third century. See Apostol. Const. Lib. ii. can. lvii.: "Let the door keepers attend upon the entrance of the men, and the deaconnesses upon the entrance of the women;" and again, "Let it be the deacons' care to see that the laymen sit upon the one side, with all stillness and order, and the women apart from them." (Ibid. lib. vii. can. xxvi.) The men sat upon the south side, and the women on the north side of the Church, being divided from each other, in some instances, by lattices, screens, or curtains. In the Churches of the East the women sat in galleries, and the men below. (S. Greg. Naz. Carm. ix. Evagr. Hist. Eccl. 1. iv. s. 31.) S. Augustine (de Civit. Dei, 1. ii. 28.) S. Cyril, (Pro Catech. c. viii.) and S. Chrysostom (Homil. lxxiv. in S. Matth.) likewise allude to the separation of the sexes during the time of prayer. In correction of a misapprehension which we have placed upon record in p. 527, in the words "and were headed by Lord Brougham," we quote the following passage from the Debates in the House of Lords on the 14th of May. "The Marquess of Londonderry expressed his belief in the sincere desire of the French Government to maintain peace, and excited considerable merriment by alluding to the rumour that Lord Brougham had been one of the party who went over at Easter to fraternise with the people of Paris. Lord Brougham warmly denied this. He begged to give his most peremptory contradiction to the statement that he had ever accompanied any set of men to Paris. He went over, it was true, on the same day, but by a different conveyance. The visit alluded to was the most absurd expedition that ever was planned." Lord Brougham has subsequently spoken in the House in condemnation of another projected excursion of the kind. P. 222. Mr. David Hiram Williams, who died on the 15th Nov. near Hazareebaugh, in the East Indies, was not " Mineral Surveyor to the Government.” Having been long employed in the geological survey of the coal-fields of Wales, under the direction of Sir Henry de la Beche, he was recommended to the East India Company as an efficient person to survey the known coal-fields of India, to explore geologically new districts, and to report on the economic value of the mineral fuel. On this important duty this able geologist was engaged when he fell a victim to the pestilential atmosphere of the jungles.— Atheneum. ERRATUM.-P. 532, last line in col. 2. for 14th April, read 21st April. THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Dalmatia and Montenegro; with a Journey to Mostar in Herzegóvina, and Remarks on the Slavonic Nations, &c. By Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson. 2 vols. 8vo. "FEW parts of Europe," says Sir G. Wilkinson, 66 are so little known as the countries lying between the Danube and the northern frontier of Greece, though highly interesting from events connected with their past and present condition, and even from the prospect that dawns upon some of them of being once more free from the despotism of the Turks, under which they have for ages groaned." It is to Venice that Dalmatia owes ́her rescue from a similar fate; and, while Mustafa was pressing the second siege of Vienna, Venice was defeating the Turkish arms in Dalmatia, and all the most important of her fortresses were secured by the valour of Foscolo. To those, therefore, who have made themselves acquainted with those heroic struggles, and that eventful period, on which her future liberty and prosperity depended, Dalmatia offers reminiscences most interesting. The castles and towers, we are told, are still shown as the respected monuments of the glorious days of old; and no where in Europe are the manners of the people more primitive, or their costumes more varied, than in the towns and villages of the interior. There certainly is no want of interest to the scholar and the traveller in this singular and primitive country. Wherever he goes, especially in the maritime ports, he will be treading on the vestiges of ancient times, on the site of cities once enriched with commerce, and plains whose harvests have risen from the blood of the invader. At Spalato, the palace of Diocletian is an object of the highest interest to the architect and the antiquary; the fortress of Clissa-possession of which was the object of the fiercest contests from the time of Tiberius to the present century, and which was at various periods in the hands of the ancient and native inhabitants, the Illyrians, the Romans, Venetians, the Hungarians, Turks, the Uscocs, and the Templars, the Croatians, the French, and the Austrians-this belongs to ancient as well as modern history. Zara and other places possess associations connected both with early and later times; and Lissa, and numerous sea-ports along the coast of Dalmatia, recal to an Englishman the brilliant achievements of our navy during the last war. In Ragusa a feeling of sympathy is awakened by the noble defence of its liberties, by its unmerited downfall, by its extensive commerce, and by its literature. There our English King Richard was ship. wrecked, and the wealthy merchants of Ragusa were long known from the rich Argosies that derived their name from that city. To the south of Dalmatia extends another country which still retains its independence, though threatened by the Turkish armies, as Circassia does, in spite of the power of Russia; " and the fact of Montenegro being still governed by the only remaining military bishop, who leads his hardy mountaineers to war and victory, renders it one of the most interesting countries in the world." * He who follows our author through these countries will follow a faithful, diligent, and well-informed guide. He will be delighted with the novelty of the descriptions, with the picturesque accounts of the people and of the scenery, and he will be instructed regarding the present condition of places whose names alone have been long familiar to him in the pages of history, but which, being out of the beaten road of the traveller, have been neglected by those who do not care to indulge their curiosity at the expense of their convenience, and who are only inclined to acquire knowledge when it can be attained without danger and even without difficulty. But Sir G. Wilkinson was inspired by a greater desire of knowledge, by more endurance of fatigue, and by a wiser resignation and cheerfulness in the disappointments and casualties that must be expected to meet the traveller when he is exploring countries in which civilisation has never been, or from which it has retreated. It is owing to these qualities, which enabled him to avoid or to overcome the difficulties of his tour, that we are indebted for these pages, and we may hail him as the Roman emperor was hailed, Cui laurus æternos honores We now proceed to extract a few passages from those portions of the descriptions which we think are most likely to excite curiosity, and which may lead the reader on in a natural progress from the known to the unknown, till at length he will become acquainted with an European country and people with whom he was previously acquainted only by name. The rough outline of the author's tour may be thus given: He went along the coast of Istria to Pola and the neighbouring islands; to Zara and Sebenico; to Spalato and the Palace of Diocletian; then to Salona, with an excursion into the interior to Knin; afterwards to Lesina and Ragusa. Returning to Spalato, he made an excursion to Montenegro; he then visited Vido, the ancient Narona, and Mostar, in Herzegóvina; departed from the valley of the Narenta for Vergoraz; saw the old Christian tombs at Drenovaz and Cisto, bearing the crescent and star and the cross united; and again returned to Spalato. The voyage from Trieste to Zara is more than usually interesting from the steamers passing within sight of the towns on the coast of Istria, with their promontories, and bays, and projecting headlands, and castles on the adjoining heights, and churches rising over the other buildings, while their names are not unrecorded in the pages of ancient or modern history. Pola, lying in a deep bay, is not seen, and till lately no steamers touched there. "As you approach the town of Polat the amphitheatre appears to stand on the shore; the exterior is so perfect, that it scarcely seems to deserve the name of a ruin, and it looks the same to you as it did of old to the Roman, as he stood in *The Slavonic language is exclusively employed in Montenegro, and is purer than than the Illyric of Dalmatia, and claims for itself the denomination of Servian, showing the origin of the people, who are proud of being an offset of the ancient kingdom of Dushan. The author observes that the Dukes of Mecklenburgh are the only real Slavonic dynasty now existing. †The name given to Pola by the Romans during the empire was "Pietas Julia," from the daughter of Augustus, at whose request it was restored after its partial destruction by Julius Cæsar, in revenge for having favoured the cause of Pompey. It was at Pola that Crispus was put to death by his father Constantine. with his galley, 1500 years ago. It has a basement story, over which are two tiers of arches, with Tuscan half-columns between them; and above these is the usual upper story, pierced with square windows. In this, and most respects, it resembles other amphitheatres, but differs from them in having four square towers, projecting from the exterior circle, at certain intervals, probably for the staircases; of which I remember no other instance, except, perhaps, in the small ruined amphitheatre of Treves. Though the outside is well preserved, nothing remains of the interior; and some have supposed the seats were of wood; yet it is evident that those on the hill-side were cut in the rock, and many of the stone seats have been found, some bearing the names, or initials, of their owners. They measure 1 foot 2 inches in width; and the total dimensions of the amphitheatre are about 430 feet in length, by 350 in breadth, and 80 in height. The temple of Rome and Augustus is in a very good state of preservation, and is now a Museum, containing the different objects found at Pola. It is a very graceful building; prostyle, and of the Corinthian order. In ancient times it stood on the forum, with its companion, which was dedicated to Diana, and which still occupies one end of the place. The front, however, is built over, and concealed, by the palace of the Venetian governor, and more than half the ancient forum is occupied by modern houses. The arch, or gateway, called Porta Aurea, is well preserved; and, though it has the fault of being wanting in depth, is an elegant specimen of Roman triumphal arch. The inscription on the frieze says it was built by Salvia Postuma, at her own expense, to Lucius Sergius Lepidus, ædile, and military tribune of the twenty-ninth Legion, whose statue stood on a pedestal, formed by the attic, over the centre. Other statues were at each corner, of two members of the same family, whose names are also inscribed below; and on each side of the arch are two Corinthian halfcolumns. The Porta Gemina is a double gate, with a composite half-column between each archway. It was also an entrance into the town. On the hill above is another Roman gate, lately discovered in making repairs to the citadel; which appears to have been a postern, opening upon the street, leading from the Porta Gemina. Though small, it is of good work.* The origin of Spalato dates from the building of the Palace of Diocletian in A.D. 303. This certainly is one of the most interesting remains of antiquity on this coast. After a reign of twenty years Diocletian, who was a native of Dalmatia, executed his memorable resolution of abdicating the empire, and withdrawing to Salona, where he amused his latter years with the building of the neighbouring palace, and the cultivation of his cabbage. garden, to the inspection of which (as Gibbon relates) he invited his successor Maximian. "The building of the palace occupied twelve years. The stone was brought from the quarries of Tragurium, the modern Träù, which, as Gibbon justly observes, is a beautiful stone, 'very little inferior to marble itself.' The island of Brazza also claims the honour of having supplied a portion of the materials used in its construction, the record of which is said to be kept up by the name of the village near the spot whence the stone was taken, which is called Splitska, or 'Spalatine,' from the Illyric name of the town, Split. Little is known of the palace or its occupants after the death of Diocletian. It is supposed then to have come into the possession of the magistrates of Salona, and part of it was still kept as a state palace, and part was occupied by the Gynæcium, or manufactory. In the following century it was inhabited by Julius Nepos, who, having been deprived of the imperial dignity and driven from Ravenna by Orestes the father of Augustulus, obtained permission from Glycerius, then Bishop of Salona, to occupy the palace. From A.D. 481 to 639 nothing is recorded of the palace, except that when Totila obtained posses * Among other antiquities preserved in the cathedral are the font, which was an ancient piscina, ornamented with a rich bust figure of Venus (or a Nymph) and two Cupids on two of its sides, and the capitol of a column, formed of a basket with birds, instead of volutes, supporting the corners of the abacus. + This was a manufactory of cloths, particularly those which were annually distributed to the troops; and, as women alone were employed, it received the name of Gynæcium. Several public establishments of this kind existed in various places, each superintended by a Procurator under the Comes sacrarum largitionum, who resided at Salona, the capital of the province. (p. 130.) |