sursace of its great expanse gradually fell to the level of The girls got up a class, too. Old Cady was the the valley. Bui, with all their possessions destroyed teacher. Everybody called him 'Old Cady.' Hie beyond recovery, the Zuñis began their work of re- weighed about two hundred pounds, was short and construction on the mesa that had been their haven round as a barrel, and as good-natured as the day or in their great misfortune. They built their new Ci. night was long. He did not do much dancing himhola among the cedar groves on the level plateau ; a self. He played the fiddle and instructed us. The city which grew to be very large, as its ruins now boys met two evenings in the week for lessons. The bear evidence, covering thirty acres. The two de girls met in the afternoon. After we had made some tached pillars on the face of the cliff, the tradition progress, our teacher concluded to give us a 'hop relates, were built by the people, as monuments to once a week. To these hops all the classes might perpetuate the memory of the marvelous foud, the go, and members of former classes were invited. As Spirit's anger, and the sacrifice made to appease it. Old Cady had been teaching a dancing school every

Dagmar Mariager, winter for time out of mind, the invitation embraced

pretty much all the town. The most of the fathers Boat Riding on Blue Lakes, California.

and mothers of the class had been his pupils, and so Dip the light oar by the shadowy shore,

his hops formed a pretty group of old and young toAnd raise it twined with a dripping wreath Of trailing mosses, tangled and torn,

gether. Curls from some nymph of the lakeside shorn,

“On the evening of the first hop he gave us the Or fringes from the mantle worn

easy dances in the first part of the evening, and later By some emerald-robed mermaid reclining there.

on he suited the tastes of the old pupils. I rememO, gladly the sun with his brightest smile

ber that evening well. I was all excitement and Bursts forth from his cloudy sheath,

bashsulness. I got along nicely, however, until a And the blue, blue heavens lie overhead,

waltz was called. I knew I could waltz, though it And the blue, blue waters beneath.

was called the hardest of the dances. The music The beautiful azure lake unrolled

started. Old Cady was a genius. The cadences of Mirrors her fringéd brim,

his music seemed to lift one off his feet. The airs The sunbeams quiver in pools of gold,

that he played have floated through my life ever since And the gnarled old trees, and the mountains old, those years. He summoned the gems of every opera And the vines that druop o'er the waters cold, and sonata and requiem of the masters, and picked Are reflected the depths within.

up the melodies in which the people have sung and Merrily sing, while the light boat speeds

do sing in every land, and the airs whistled on the Away from the shore with its tangled weeds

street, and dressed them up for his purposes, and Sing! till the hoary hills awake And the forest trees into music break.

made them the spirit and soul of the dance. He did Countless gifts at her hands we take,

not seem to know what he was about to play, and as Have we no songs for the bonny blue lake?

the dance progressed, now and then a new thought O, the glorious sun with a smile benign

seemed to inspire him as new strains whirled us on. Has burst from his cloudy sheath,

Now he would lean forward, and a plaintive air And the blue, blue heavens above me shine,

would lead us; then, rising, with chin and elbow eleAnd the blue, blue waters beneath.

vated, a stately measured movement, and, perhaps, Lilies, lilies along the shore,

as if laughing, a light and tripping step. It was They stand in the rushes high,

Annie Laurie or The Marseillaise. He even dared Lightly they bend to the dripping oar,

the sacred strains of Joy! Joy! To the host that Around them the blue, blue waters pour

in glory advances !' I remember with what audacity And above them the blue, blue sky,

old Coronation once rang out from under his bow, The tremulous sunbeams quiver and dance,

as if in defiance; and he played it with such grand Then pause, as if held in a magic trance.

effect that it did not seem out of place. What care we for aught beside,

“I looked around the room for some one to waltz As o'er the beautiful lake we glide?

with. I espied Annie, a bright-eyed daughter of a Do we sigh for a glimpse of sunny France;

neighbor. She was a few years younger than I. Could Switzerland's snow-capped mountains stern, We had played together always, though of late she Or Italy's breeze our joy enhance?

had seemed a little shy. I invited her to waltz with Let the German sing of his castled Rhine,

She said : 'Why, I never tried to waltz, except And the Scot of his hills of heath, When my own blue heavens above me shine,

with the girls. I am afraid I can't.' And the blue, blue waters beneath.

“She stepped forward, and we started out. We Martha L. Hoffman.

made a few missteps. It was a little difficult for us
to swing clear around at first.

it
soon,

howThe Old Bachelor's Story.

ever. The exercise, and perhaps a little shyness, “The boys concluded to get up a dancing school. brought the color to Annie's cheeks. I begged my parents to let me join, and they yielded. brightened up, and I thought to myself, ‘Annie is There was a nice party of us, about thirty in number. really beautiful.' The music stopped. Annie and I

me.

We got

Her eyes

a

a

had danced our first waltz. From that time on she Annie, let us try it.' and I were always partners for the waltz. Old Cady “* All right,' said she. was proud of us. He gave us more attention than “She rose, and I took her right hand, and she the others. The waltz, as taught by Old Cady, was laid her left on my shoulder; her train swung out not a jumping, hopping, Apache walız. There was gracefully, and we began to spin aronnd the hall, none of the horrid, awkward reversing. It was and the memories of a quarter century began to spin smooth and graceful. Annie and I became expert. through my head. The old Alush came to Annie's We used to do all kinds of fancy tricks.' She would cheeks, and the old luster to her eyes. We waltzed whirl like a top under a wreath, or turn with a glass as easily as ever. As we danced, we talked. She of water on her head. We even succceded in waltz- asked about this one and that one. We had a little ing around the hall with a glass of water on the head word of each. I told her this reininded me of old of each of us. It was all play. As I look back, I times. She said, “Yes.' I said : “You dance as think how happy we were then.

lightly, and look as beautiful as ever.' She blushed “I went off to college. My father gave me sage a little, I thought, and her big eyes looked up into advice, and my mother enjoined me not to fall in my face. “Do you think so ?' So we went on dan. love. 'You must get the cage before you catch the cing and talking, thinking of nothing else.

It was a bird, my son.' When I came back in my first vaca- whirl, a fancy, a dream, an ecstacy. The music tion, Annie's folks had moved away.

stopped. The spell was broken.

Annie swung “I worked my way through college, studied hard, round to my side. Her left hand took my right arm and stood well. I came West, I bought and sold naturally, and we stepped forward to cross the hall. town lots and homesteads, went to the Legislature, We glanced around the room, and she exclaimed, was Speaker of the House one session. I had been 'Oh! was there no one else dancing ?' Sure enough ; a candidate for Congress, and ran ahead of my ticket; that was so. The faces of my friends were smiling but my party was in the minority. I was on one a delight and a surprise. One enthusiastic one of side of nearly every important law-suit in two or them clapped his hands, and all around the room ran three counties near my home. Everybody said I a little cheer. Annie looked at me; her face flushed, was successful; I had made money, and was con- and then she tossed up her chin and glanced around sidered rich. When I started out, I kept to my the room like a queen. mother's advice, and after I was able to build the “I must go now,' she said. "We take an early cage, I did not want the bird. I had got to be an train.' As we walked toward the grand stairs, I old bachelor.

thanked her for the dance, and told her I had never “One winter I was at the capital attending the Su- danced the waltz since the old days. She said, 'Do preme Court. The Legislature was in session. I was you know, I have never waltzed with any one but also charged by a railrcad company in my part of the you-strange, is it not?' She gave me her hand at State to see that it was not hurt by hos:ile legislation. the foot of the stairs. “Good bye,' and she turned, It was my business to know everybody, and every and walked grandly up. I stood there looking at her, body knew me. Fun of all sorts and amusements of and as she reache the landing, she turned her head every kind kept up high carnival. One evening a and looked a smile down at me over her shoulder. banquet was given at the leading hotel, with dancing As she turned away and faced the electric light, I in the grand dining hall. Of course, I went. Ev. thought-was I mistaken ?--I saw a big tear-drop erybody went. Some of 'my people' were there. in her eye. My heart was thumping like a stamp They had to be looked after, introduced to the nota- mill. I strutted a little as I turned away, saying to bles, and made happy. There were many things to myself : 'I could have won her.' Then I thought be watched. Intrigues are often laid in a capital on what a fool I had been not to catch the bird when I such occasions. I had never danced there. No one could and take chances on the cage. I would will. had ever seen me dance. It was to me a forgotten ingly give up every dollar I have, and every success art. The new-fangled dances were an abomination I have achieved, and start life again from the grass to me. They are to all of us old sogies. I was busy, roots,' at my age even, with Annie. The boys gathhowever, from one to another, chatting and listening ered around me; said it was magnificent. That evto everything. All at once, a most queenly looking erybody stopped dancing to watch us. "Didn't know lady, magnificently dressed, came in, leaning on the you could dance,' they said, 'then beat everybody.' arm of an elderly gentleman, and seated herself. A They asked me lots of questions; but I got away as second look, and it was Annie, more beautiful even soon as I could. I didn't sleep much that night. I than she was a quarter of a century ago. I stepped was thinking of Annie. I had not even learned her over to her ; she met me most cordially. She intro- name, or where she lived. In the morning, which duced me to Mr. Gage, my husband's uncle.' I thought would never come, I went to the register, While we were talking, the band struck up a grand and found that ‘Mr. Gage and niece ' had left. An.

BOOK REVIEWS.

ture.

Letters to Dead Authors.1

worlds the echoes from our cradles. Settle back upon In this book, Mr. Andrew Lang has clothed him- your feet, and send out your own voice level to those self in his best prose. But this is doubtsul praise,

wbo care to hear you. That art alone is long--as for he is not now speaking altogether from himself length of days can be understood by you." or with his own voice. His audience sit before him

Signs and Seasons.2 in the world, but his eyes look beyond them, and his words are thrown upward over their heads towards

The general character and range of topics in John a line of illustrious ghosts, whom he sees in the gal

Burroughs's latest book may be seen from the titles leries of the gods. To each of them he delivers a of a few of the chapters : “A Sharp Lookout,” message from the ages they have left behind. He “ A Snow-storm,” “ Winter Neighbors,” “ A River tells them, one by one, how posterity now regards

View,' Bird Enemies," etc. The chapter entitled him, with love increased or hatred abated from what

“ A Spray of Pine,” is a careful account of the charhad been felt on earth. With the most friendly

acteristics and manner of growth of this familiar tree, painstaking, the living author criticises the dead, face

and contains many facts which, although perhaps to face, pointing out what the world has settled upon

not new to the botanist, will be of interest, even if as mistaken, or overreaching, or something, perhaps, only to show the author's close observation of Nawhich it promises to preserve so long as itself shall

Lise upon the farm, especially in the days last. And to many of them, he varies his voice to

when the hard work had to be performed almost enimitate their own, and delivers his message in the

tirely by hand, and the drudgery was relieved by phrases of speech and tricks of words which each of those merry gatherings, now merely memories, called them had so made his own that no man, now speak

“ bees,' house-movings,” and “raisings,” “husking to men, dares to imitate them. This art may ings,” etc., is treated in some detail in “ Phases of be effective--it is effective--but it is bizarre. The

Farm Life." The author writes of these from his curiosity of it in literature is not half so much that own lise so vividly that we can recognize them alhe has produced an excellent imitation, but that he most as clearly as he reproduces them to his own has excelled his own best original work. There is sight. the mocking-bird, whose stolen notes are its finest, Nor has he neglected his favorites, the birds. In but that has no say of its own. Mr. Lang has his the several chapters devoted exclusively to them, he own speech, and very good speech it is ; but when he presents a side of the subject which has as yet reis at his best in livery, we may say that it is so only

ceived but little attention from our ornithologists because he has not yet come to his best possibility, the hardships and dangers of bird life. How few the fullest mental self-ownership. What is to be think of the sufferings endured by any but our fellow found, however, in this dainty little book, is an as- beings, during the severe storms or unusual cold of suring promise of what he may give us hereafter,

a northern winter! Yet, a moment's reflection will when he has fully come to his own. There is deli- show that man is not the only sufferer. The birds cate wit here, and edged criticism, and outpouring of and some of the animals, less able than he to cope genial thought, and a soft lambency of fancy playing

with the elements, and relying for their daily susteover every page, and making it a delightful picture. nance upon what they may be able to pick up in the So we, the real audience, must say, for so we must way of grain or seeds, are often reduced almost to feel. But-could a reply come from the ghosts

the point of starvation, when the ground is covered themselves !--“What short art is this, that attempts

with snow. This, and much more is brought out our ears from a forgoiten world that we never knew in the delightful chapter on “Winter Neighbors." or that never knew us? To us, years or centuries

Of all the many dangers to which our song.birds beyond the germinal beginnings of thought in that are exposed, the greatest are due, no doubt, to their world, of what interest is it to learn what they, who

natural enemies, the birds of prey, snakes, and a few know so little, think of us, now? Or, if a message of the smaller quadrupeds. Perhaps there is no way must come to our uncaring ears, let it have the po- of computing the actual number destroyed by these liteness of its own voice, and not remind us of the in- agencies, but it is certainly very large. Our author fantile tricks of speech which we do not now need

a

sarily, in this term, all persons who make any “col. dent's while, and the general reader would be lost in lections ” of birds or their eggs, for study or other. their interminable chains of subtleties. Beginning wise. He does not seem to recognize the fact that

with the fundamental elements of speech, the metathe true ornithologists are the birds' best friends, physics underlying sound are analyzed, human activi. and that it is due to their successful efforts that the ties are classified as “instinctive,” relating to the great trade in bird skins for millinery purposes, so

body; “reflective,” connected with the mind; and destructive to bird-life, is rapidly becoming a thing “emotive,” connected with the soul, which is the of the past. It is very doubtful whether all the birds union of body and mind. Certain sounds of landestroyed by human agency are more than a fraction guage express each of these activities. This is not as compared with those destroyed by natural agen- as mere nonsense as it sounds, quoted by itself thus ; cies. Yet one is apt to get the idea from reading but it can be imagined how these subtleties, expandthe chapter on “Bird Enemies," that the “collect. ed into many pages, and made the basis of distincor” is, in fact, the arch enemy, and without pausing tions as to metres, vowel-qualities, rhymes, and to sift the arguments or look for the other side, one poetic phraseology, dilute and impede the treatise. is almost ready to concur with Mr. Burroughs's fierce There are many good points made in matters of generalization, that “the professional nest-robber and detail, and we recall none that are altogether bad, skin-collector" (his synonyms, it would seem, for the though very many are fanciful, and over-emphasized. ornithologist) " should be put down, either by legis. Thus, it is a good suggestion, that the effect of loud. lation or with dogs and shotguns."

ness in verse is produced by strongly marked accent, Our gentle author is as charming in his description and this by long accented syllables with short unacof Nature in her moods as in her organic lise. No cented ones, as in : truer pen than his transfers to pages the rolling mu

“ Louder, louder, chant the lay ; sic of streams or the marshaled armies of clouds. But

Waken lords and ladies gay when he gazes upon the ocean, the Ossianic figure of

“When, wide in soul and bold of tongue, Walt Whitman intrudes itsell, “ with husky-haughty

Among the tents I paused ard sung ; lips, O Sea!” and takes possession of placid John

The distant battle flashed and rung." Burroughs, until he raves and welters as tumidly as the sea itself. But the next communion with Nature

How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord,

Is laid for your faith in his excellent word." -fortunately on land, and a “Spring Relish”—frees our Sinbad from his old man of the sea, and he fares

Sensible ground is taken, ton, about the sacrifice on through the valley of diamonds, as before. of meaning to form in poetry, and, on the other side,

the neglect of form. The chapters on rhyme and Poetry as a Representative Art.1 metre give a very fair realization of the extreme me. Professor Raymond, Professor of Oratory and Es- chanical difficulty of writing good poetry, and the thetic Criticism at Princeton, has put forth a book

author says rightly that it is because of the exceedunder the above title. Art, he premises, consists in ing difficulty of fulfilling all the varied requirements addressing the senses, through the agency of an art

of thought and form, that there are so sew great ist, by means of re-presentation of the sights and poets. Nor can we fail to find much that is worth consounds of nature.

Poctry is no less re-presentative sideration in many suggestions, fat first thought overthan other arts, its material being language, by fanciful. For instance : since the nearer together which sights, sounds, thoughts, and feelings can be rhymes occur the more rapid the movement, the It produced to the reader's mind. This thesis, it will inverted quatrain form used in “In Memoriam” be seen, can be stated in a sentence, with sufficient

serves the purpose of giving an air of meditative demonstration to make the whole line of argument doubt and hesitation, through the retarding of the clear to an intelligent reader; a page would establish rhyme ; in many stanzas it is possible to transpose it in outline for any reader : or if it were desirable the last two lines, and the illustrative instance given to fortify the position--sufficiently unquestionable of four stanzas thus treated quite bears out Professor though it would appear on the bare statement, taken Raymond's observation, that the effect is to almost wroadly-a chapter would amply suffice. In fact, we

destroy the questioning, considering air of the origi. have some three hundred and fifty pages of meta

nal form. physical subtleties, elocution, and poetic criticism.

But the suggestive subtleties of analysis thus scatIt is all reasonably true, and perhaps not unimportant: tered through the book are not enough to reconcile but it is wearisome to an unusual degree. It is hard the reader to its tediousness, its accumulation of subto guess who can be the readers of these three hun- tlety upon subtlety, its ineffective style—all to leave dred and fifty pages; for there is really not enough of nothing in the mind at the end, but one definition of new or valuable thought to make it worth the stu

poetry as a representative art, and a not large num

ber of rather interesting ideas on detail points in 1Poetry as a Representative Art. By George Lansing metrical analysis. We observe from the preface that Raymond, Ph.D. New York and London: G. P. Putnam 5 Sons, 1886. For sale in San Francisco by Strick

the book is "only one of a series of essays," and conland & Pierson.

stitutes only a sub-heading under “The Fact of Rep.

:

resentation," to be preceded by a similar group of style. For instance : having expended some pages sub-heads, beginning “The distinction between in a sarcastic exposure of the motives and conduct of Nature and Art," and to be followed by “The Man. one Ide, concerned in the “Bear Flag" movement ner of Representation,” and “The Matter of Repre- of 1846, nearly a whole page is appended to expound sentation.” The schedule of these works seems to the analogy between Ide's character and that of the promise some twenty volumes like the present. Bellman in "The Hunting of the Snark." Now

this personage is not famous enough for the purpose, Royce's California. 1

and the result is an impression of bad taste and pedProfessor Royce's book is not a history of Califor

antry. nia. The series to which it belongs, as the collec

The space given to Fremont's first expedition and tive tiile indicates, gives an account of American to the “ Bear Flag" movement is entirely too great. Commonwealths; and accordingly, the other volumes One-tenth of it would have been ample. And the do give some account of the histories of these com

character of the exposition or exposure of Fremont's monwealths. This volume will commonly be taken motives and action is an unpleasant sample of hisfor an account of California. As such, and so in

tory writing ; for Professor Royce, having repeatedderstood, it will disappoint and misinform. It is in ly applied to General Fremont for information on the no sense a history, nor even an account of the State. subject, and having been courteously and fully anIt is a group of four studies on four short periods or swered, as far as General Fremont could answer, phases in the history of the State, all between 1846 then goes on to use the General's own statements and 1856, almost as disconnected as if issued in four somewhat as a judge on the bench might deal with a separate pamphlets; and the narratives, instead of crooked witness in charging a jury. Combining the being treated historically, are managed as texts for

statements of the “gallant captain," as with tedious a running parallel sermon upon alleged qualities of iteration he calls him, with evidence from the papers the American character. Out of the whole rive hun- of Consul Larkin and other documents, he contrives, dred pages of the book, nearly two hundred are

without any direct charges, to convey the idea that devoted to Fremont's doings in 1846, and the “ Bear there was something discreditable in Fremont's Flag " movement, with their immediate sequel ; an

purposes and doings, and that this character was in other hundred pages is a study in the philosophy of consequence of some private letter from Senator history, upon the order and disorder of the early

Benton to Fremont, which letter is not given, but mining period, 1848–1851 ; nearly as much more is only presumed. Whatever the character of actions a somewhat similar study upon the vigilance com- or men, to imagine the contents of a private letter mittees of San Francisco; and the last fifty pages and then base charges on thein, is not the way to are an outline discussion of California land laws and

make attacks nor to write history. land tille troubles.

A broader misjudgment is the rather painstaking The impression which is made by the book is of a sermonizing which colors the whole book. The piece of contract work, done under pressure, at short chief lesson which Professor Royce seeks to teach us notice ; as if Professor Royce, not having time to is that which he repeats so often-of the bitter hatred prepare a competent view of the history of the State, caused and still existing between the Spanish and had done the best he could to make out a volume, by Mexican population and the Anglo-American populatreating as carefully as possible such pieces of the tion, in consequence of the crimes and oppressions State history as he could get into any kind of liter- which attended the transfer of California from Mex. ary form under the circumstances. The bock, ac- ico to the United States. “Detestable meanness cordingly, has no just proportion among its parts, towards foreigners,” “national bigotry in dealing and has no unity of character except in its unisormity with Spanish-Americans,” and other similar phrases of sermonizing reproof of Americans. Not that there about rapacity, swindling, and violence--no doubt is any false pretense about this; the title page care- with some praise per contra-give the color to Profully gives as second title “A study of American Char- fessor Royce's estimate of his own nation. The imacter," the preface sets forth the same purpose. But pression given is, that the history of the transfer of people pay little attention to such details. “Royce's dominion was marked with peculiarly vile and wicked history of California” is what the book will in gen- traits, and that it has left its righteous consequence eral be considered. As such, it possesses little value. in a not unextinguished fire of race hatreds. Very It is impossible to resist the impression of immatur. faint today are any remaining traces of such hatreds. ity which is made by the author's mode of treating If they exist, they are traceable to causes his subject, and by the diffuseness, sometimes the general and less discreditable than those alleged flippancy, and perhaps by other peculiarities of his by Professor Royce; the record of the conduct ol 1\merican Commonwealths. California, from the Con

the Anglo-Americans in the “conquest ”—

-as he calls quest in 1846 to the second Vigilance Committee in San it-of California, speckled as it may be with human Francisco. ' A study of American character. By, Josiah faults, will compare favorably, at least, with any Royce, Assistant Professor of Philosophy in Harvard College. Boston: loughton, Mifflin & Co. For record of conquest of foreign territory, say, by the sale in San Francisco, by Chilion Beach.

Spaniards, with whom he sympathizes so tenderly

mort

1886.