Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for CooperationBrookings Institution Press, 1997 - 343 pages Ethnic conflict in Africa is reaching critical levels. Governments are being toppled. National economies are collapsing. And the potential for civil unrest--even violent encounters--throughout the continent threatens to engulf not only Africa, but much of the world. Africa's salvation depends on the development and implementation of effective institutions of ethnic conflict management. In this book, Donald Rothchild analyzes the successes and failures of attempts at conflict resolution in different African countries and offers comprehensive ideas for successful mediation. To provide a clear picture of the current situation, Rothchild traces Africa's ethnic unrest back to its beginnings during the period of colonial rule, through the post-independence era, when governments built the institutions of government control and consolidated power; and into its more recent period when it is possible to discern greater democratic governance. Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa demonstrates how negotiation and mediation can promote conflict resolution and a political environment that fosters economic development. It offers a compelling case for the use of both political incentives (power sharing, elections, and fiscal programs) and a variety of actions (including principles of inclusiveness, coercion, and punishment) to support reconciliation. This "carrot and stick" approach can be employed by a state to promote increased political bargaining while maintaining stability, and by outside intermediaries to cope with conflict brought on by the breakdown of domestic regimes. |
Contents
African State Management of Ethnic Conflict | 1 |
The Ethnic Group | 3 |
Patterns of African Conflict Management | 5 |
The Colonial Inheritance | 6 |
The Postindependence Era | 9 |
The Structuring of Incentives | 19 |
Conclusion | 20 |
Regularized Patterns of Relations | 23 |
White Rebellion against Colonial Rule | 151 |
Direct AngloRhodesian Talks | 152 |
Mediation Efforts before Lancaster House | 154 |
The Victoria Falls Conference | 155 |
The Kissinger Mediation Initiative | 157 |
The Geneva Conference | 161 |
The AngloAmerican Initiative | 164 |
The Internal Settlement | 168 |
Structuring Incentives for Internal Conflict Management | 25 |
Perceptions | 36 |
State Responses to Ethnic Demands and Counterdemands | 40 |
The Interconnected Conflict Process | 45 |
Internal Incentive Structures | 50 |
The Effect of Regimes on Conflict | 59 |
Forming Political Coalitions | 61 |
Allocating Resources | 75 |
Conclusion | 82 |
ThirdParty Mediation of Violent Conflict | 87 |
The Use of Coercive and Noncoercive Incentives | 89 |
The Relationship of Perceptions to Demands | 93 |
Timing | 95 |
Incentives Available to Mediators | 97 |
Conclusion | 108 |
Constructing a Conflict Management System in Angola 198997 | 111 |
The Internal Incentives for Conflict | 113 |
The Postindependence Conflicts | 117 |
The Military Climax and Stalemate | 119 |
The Interstate Mediation Process | 120 |
Intrastate Mediation and the Construction of an Internal Conflict Management System | 124 |
Conclusion | 141 |
Reconstructing a Conflict Management System in RhodesiaZimbabwe | 147 |
The Bargaining Parties | 148 |
The Lancaster House Mediation Process | 170 |
Credible Pressures and Incentives | 186 |
Facilitating Regime Transformation in South Africa | 191 |
A Unique Environment | 193 |
Failed Mediation Efforts in the 1980s | 195 |
The UN Initiative of the 1990s | 200 |
Preelection Mediation Initiatives | 205 |
Incentives for Change | 209 |
Coalition Efforts to Repair Internal Conflict Management in Sudan 197172 | 213 |
The ConflictMaking Environment | 214 |
The Favorable Preconditions for Negotiations | 217 |
The Process of Negotiation | 225 |
The Failure of Implementation | 233 |
Conclusion | 239 |
Mediators Uses of Pressures and Incentives | 243 |
Mediation | 246 |
The External Mediators Capacity to Manipulate | 249 |
The Structure of Incentives | 254 |
Coercive and Noncoercive Incentives | 256 |
Incentives during the Implementation Stage | 273 |
Shifting Forms of Mediator Leverage | 277 |
Notes | 281 |
331 | |
Other editions - View all
Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation Donald Rothchild No preview available - 2001 |