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LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM-PARIS.

One of the most curious libraries of Paris is certainly that of the Museum. Placed at first in the galleries of natural history, then in the ancient apartment of Buffon, this library has occupied, since 1840, a pavilion resting upon the galleries of mineralogy, and where all the space necessary is reserved for its collections.

It comprises, besides nearly 10,000 pamphlets,

more than 40,000 volumes on natural history, a crowd of manuscripts, and a precious collection of paintings on vellum. Among the manuscripts enriched with designs, we would mention, those of the religious friar, Plumier, on the Plants of the Antilles; those of Tournefort, containing the description of the plants observed by the celebrated naturalist in his voyages in the Levant; and two volumes in 4to., of Norona, a Spanish physician and naturalist, relating to the plants and animals of Java and of the Philippines.

Educational Intelligence.

AMERICAN.

Mr. Abraham Hilliard, late of Cambridge, has be

queathed all his law books to DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Professor James Henry, late Superintendent of
Schools for Herkimer county, and still more re-

cently the Librariau and Actuary of the Mechanics'
Institute in this city, died at Bloomingdale, a few
days since, from mental and physical prostration,
induced, it is said, by anxiety and watching over a
sick son. Contributions from the friends of educa-
tion, in behalf of the widow and family, who are in
destitute circumstances, may be left at the office of
the Clerk of the Board of Education, corner of
Grand and Elm sts., New York.

Dr. Ratkhe, Senior Professor of the UNIVERSITY OF CHRISTIANA, in Norway, died at the end of last month. He has bequeathed a large library and a very valuable collection of objects of natural history to the University.

In the French Communal Schools for girls, the

ordinary studies are suspended, and the pupils are all engaged in making lint for the Hospitals in the East.

OAHU COLLEGE has been founded at the Sandwich Islands. It is located about two miles from the city of Honolulu, and went into operation last fall. The President of the College is Edward G. Beckwith, who has been for two years past Principal of the Royal School. Mr. B. is a native of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and graduated at William's College in 1849. In addition to the degrees of A. B. and A. M., it is arranged in this College to confer Professor Gillespie, of Union College, Schenec- the degree of B. P., which is thus explained: The tady, is about making the tour of Europe to ex- degree of B. P. is intended for those who wish to amine the methods and courses of instruction there prepare for the pursuits of active life. In this in practical science, with a view to the extension of course the ancient languages may be omitted; but the course of Civil Engineering, which he organ-one Modern Language will be required, and a complete course in Book-keeping, accompanied with lectures upon Commerce and Mercantile transaction. The American Board has already expended from $20,000 to $80,000 in the erection of buildings, and at present is responsible for the salaries of both President and Professor.

We would also mention the manuscripts of the Abbey Manesse and of Sonnerat on European Ornithology, and that of New Guinea, and the ac-ized in the above named institution ten years since, count, by Commerson, of all that this naturalist has and to collect instruments, models, drawings, &c. observed, that is remarkable, in Zoology and in The trustees of the UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Botany, in the numerous countries over which he have elected Dr. Henry H, Smith Professor of Surhas traveled. This account is completed by nearly gery in that institution, Captain Henry Coppel, Protwelve hundred drawings (530 in Zoology, and the fessor of English Literature, and Mr. Francis A. remainder of Plants), the most of them of great Jackson Adjunct Professor of Languages. natural beauty, and of which Lacepede, in his "Histoire des Poissons et des Reptiles," and Cuvier in his "Tableau du Règne Animal," have made frequent use.

The City Councils of Philadelphia have granted the use of the "Spring-Garden Hall" to the WAGNER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, a new Educational Institution. Mr. Wagner has deposited his splendid Mineralogical and Geological Collection in the Hall for public inspection, and a free course of lectures on the Natural Sciences is to be delivered.

RECTOR COLLEGE, Taylor Co., Virginia, has

In all the English Government Schools in India, there is not a single female; in the Missionary schools, in 1854, there were 14,000. The little that has been done to place education within the reach of the poor, in this country, has chiefly been the work of the Missionaries.

A thousand Testaments were put in circulation at Ningpo, China, in a single day, at the literary exre-amination recently occurring in that city. There were not less than 6,000 or 8,000 literary men present from all parts of the country.

erected at the cost of $10,000. The college library,
of about 2,600 volumes, and a large collection of
minerals and natural curiosities, worth about
$2,000, were all destroyed.

The collection of paintings on vellum formed 60 volumes in folio when it was transported from the library of the king to that of the Museum; the number of them is at present 100, of which 70 are on Botany, 80 treat of Zoology, and which repre-cently been destroyed by fire. The building was sent at least 6,000 sheets. The first of these were executed for Gaston, Duke of Orleans, by Nicolas Robert, who has, perhaps, never been surpassed in this style, in which he excelled. The paintings of Robert, to the number of nearly 500, are executed in water-colors, and during nearly two centuries they have lost none of the freshness of their coloring. The Aubriets, the Van-Spaendoncks, the Maréchals, the Redoutés, have since worked at this collection, continued to our days by artists of tried merit, and which is, however, the richest in existence.

A great number of the vellums of the Museum have been engraved; but those which represent known objects are still very useful, as furnishing to the professors of the establishment examples for their lessons, or as serving for models to those persons who exercise themselves in painting natural history.

Independent of the paintings on vellum, the library of the Museum possesses curious Chinese paintings on rolls of paper of a single sheet. One of these rolls, eight meters long, shows the forms of several fish; four others represent the city of Canton and some Chinese buildings. One Chinese manuscript, in eight small volumes in foll, with figures, is yet to be mentioned. The writing is very neat, and the figures might be taken for line engravings. It is a work on Anatomy, translated from the French into Chinese, and which was sent from Pekin to the Academy of Sciences in 1723.

Mr. Jas. C. Carter, of the city of New York, will deliver the Oration before the Alpha Delta Phi Association of Harvard College on the occasion of its first public celebration in July next.

The catalogue of ANTIOCH COLLEGE has the names of six Professors, besides other teachers, and 889 students, the present year.

LATE AUCTION SALES.

The extraordinary prices brought for certain articles of taste, which were sold on the 10th ult. England, are exciting the attention of the curious in such matters.

The Board of Regents of the MICHIGAN UNIVER-in SITY are said to object to the founding of a Professorship of Homoeopathy, for the establishment of which the Legislature recently passed an act.

The prospects of OAKLAND COLLEGE, Mississippi, are very encouraging. Fifty thousand dollars have

been raised towards its endowment.

Rev. Dr. J. L. Yantis, of Oregon, now on a visit to Missouri, has been elected President of RICHMOND COLLEGE, in Ray county.

Rev. John B. Dindsley, M. D., has been elected Chancellor of the UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE-including the departments of Law, Medicine, Literature, and Science.

Professor James Hall, of Albany, late State Geologist of this State, has received the appointment of Professor of Geology, Natural History, and Zoology, in the STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. Prof. all possesses a high reputation as a scientific observer, especially in the departments of Geological and Paleontological research. His appointment will strengthen the institution.

FOREIGN.

At the late election at OXFORD UNIVERSITY, Rev. Dr. Pusey was elected on the Governing Board by a very large vote.

Rev. Henry Christmas, F. R. S., has been appointed to the Professorship of British History and Archæology, newly established by the Royal Society of Literature.

Two Sevres vases, standing only a few inches high, were knocked down at 1,850 guineas. They were described as "a pair of vases, rose du Barri, each painted with two groups of cupids, in medallions, the curved leaf-shaped lips forming handles, on ormulu plinths, 14 inches." Mr. Henry Hope was the purchaser of these articles, which cost the former owner £200. other pair, of elegant form turquoise, painted with oval medallions of a shepherdess with a sheep and a dog, and a girl, bathing the feet, &c. &c., height 18 inches, was sold for 1,350 guineas.

An

Among the curious objects dispersed at this sale, is a large crystal, on which is engraved scenes in the history of Susannah. It is mounted in copper gilt, the work of the fifteenth century. Round the central compartment is the inscription, Lothaios Rex. Franc. Fieri fecit. From the account, published by Martene and Durand in 1727, it would appear, that this crystal was then belonging to the abbey of Vasor, on the Meuse.

The art is of the same character as the illumina

tions in the MSS. of the period, but much finer in style. It is remarkable, that the French Antiquaries suffered such a singular, and unique object to escape them. It was knocked down

to the British Museum for £267, a price in the estimation of competent judges, much below its real value. It is said, to have been purchased at Brussels for ten francs, and subsequently sold to Mr. Bernal for as many pounds. Mr. Franks, who exhibited casts of this crystal at a recent meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, is preparing an account of it, to be read before that body. The valuable library of the late Archibald McLellan, Esq., of Glasgow, has just been sold. The collection is peculiarly rich in books on the fine arts, and includes all the best treatises on painting, sculpture, drawing, and engraving, and many illustrated works of English and foreign scenery. Of books on architecture, civil and ecclesiastical, there is a good collection, most of Mr. Britton's works, and copies of Mr. McLellan's own essay on Glasgow Cathedral, with the plans and elevations of the additions and restorations, being in the list. In miscellaneous literature there is also a fair collection of books. At the sale of Mr. Law: collection of autographs, by Messrs. Puttick & Simpson, a letter of Lord Bacon brought £75; of Sir Isaac Newton, £4; of Washington, £5; Sir C. Wren, £3; Nelson, £4; Chatham, £13 10 s.; Garrick, £4 4 s.; Boswell, £3; R. Burns, £4 15 s.; Addison, £2 8 s.; and two of Oliver Goldsmith, £15 12 s.

In the sale of autograph letters and other curiosities, by Messrs. Sothesby and Wilkinson, on the 26th and 27th of February last there were specimens of the handwriting of Gray, Akenside, Crabbe, Lamb, Moore, Campbell, Byron, Southey, Hunt, Burns, Falconer, Scott, &c., which uniformly sold for high prices. Moore's "Last Rose of Summer," £2 2s.; Southey's letter to Lamb respecting Hone, £2 12s. 6d.; Burns' letter to Dr. Moore, containing his own life, £13; Burns' "Cotter Saturday Night," £20 10s.; Fielding's assignment of "Tom Jones," £8 15s.; Scott's letter to Terry respecting "Quentin Durward," £3 16s.; Scott's "Kenilworth," £41; autograph

signature of "Robert Burns, poet," placed on the title page of "Small on Ploughs," £8.

At a late library sale in London there were several lots of manuscripts and of eastern books, which brought a very high price. Thus, a Persian manuscript, Thah Jahan Naura, two volumes in folio of 1616 pages, with thirty-six illuminations, of which some were portaits of the kings of Persia, were bought at the price of £94; it is probable, that this manuscript, which was first in the possession of the king of Delhi, will enrich the library of the British Museum. The Koran in Arabic, 868 pages, was sold for £7 5s.; the Odes of Hafiz, in 8vo, 384 pages, £3 2s. 6d; the Chinese Dictionary by Morrison, 6 volumes, £12 15s.

The sale of Lord Rutherfurth's library closed on Tuesday. There were altogether 2,573 lots, and the aggregate produce of the sale was about £7000. It was very complete in classical litera

ture.

Recent Deaths.

SIR HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE.

We copy the following notice of the Life and Labors of Sir Henry Thomas De la Beche from the London Athenæum :—

Sir Henry De la Beche was an example of that rare combination, a man of science and a man of the world. He succeeded in obtaining the end at which he aimed; and he has left in the Geological Survey and the Museum of Practical Geology enduring monuments. A notice of the labors of such a man,-who was thoroughly practical before the commencement of this practical age, and who aimed at educating the people in science long before the Great Exhibition made scientific education a fashion,-cannot but be of interest.

Henry Thomas De la Beche was the eldest son of Col. De la Beche: his family being descendants from the Barons De la Beche, who were settled at Aldworth, Berks, in the time of Edward the Second. He was born in London in 1796; but his youth was passed amidst the lovely valleys of Devonshire: his first education having been received at the school of Ottery Saint Mary. There is little doubt that the geological tendencies which were subsequently developed were due to the contemplation of nature in this locality and in the scenes around Charmouth and Lyme Regis-rich in organic remains,—which places were for some time the residence of his parents.

In 1810, Mr. De la Beche entered the Royal

of various districts in the British Isles,-especially of Southern Pembrokeshire, of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, and of Beer in Devonshire.

Mr. De la Beche possessed extensive estates in Jamaica. He now visited his property,-Halse Town, in the neighborhood of Spanish Town,— and on his return, in 1825, he communicated to the Geological Society his remarks on the geology of that West Indian island, of which nothing had been known previously.

Between 1827 and 1830, Mr. De la Beche published numerous important Geological papers in the Transactions of the Society, the Philosophical Magazine, and the Annals of Philosophy, and also a tabular proportional view of the superior, supermedial, and the medial rocks. In 1830 his first book, 'Geological Notes,' appeared; and in the same year, 'Sections and Views of Geological Phenomena.' Great skill in the use of the pencil enabled the author to furnish the whole of the drawings for these works, and to them all subsequent illustrators have been indebted. The Geological Manual' was published in 1831, and was speedily translated into French and German,-becoming a text-book for geologists throughout Europe, and passing through several editions. In 1832 Mr. De la Beche proposed to the Government to supply the data for coloring geologically the maps, then in progress of publication, of the

dnance Trigonometrical Survey. This offer was accepted, and at the Land's End, in Cornwall, was commenced the great work of this eminent geologist's life. Mr. De la Beche, who bore himself the Military College, then at Great Marlow, but after- greater part of the expense of the Geological Survey wards removed to Sandhurst; on leaving which he of Cornwall, devoted several years to a careful entered the army: but in a little time he resigned investigation of all the conditions, lithological and the profession of arms for the pursuits of science. mineralogical, of Western England; and he pubFor a man of wealth and fashion to devote himself lished a series of maps of Cornwall, Devonshire, to any study was in those days a phenomenon; and Somerset, which exhibited a correctness and and the adoption of a science then in its infancy and struggling into life, through the prejudices of the ignorant and the timid, was not a little remarkable.

Mr. De la Beche, however, gave himself up to the study of Geology, and made it the business of his life. In 1817 he became a member of the

Geologica! Society, then in the tenth year of its

existence. In 1818 he married the daughter of Capt. Charles White, of Lough Brickland, County Down, Ireland, who died in 1844, leaving one daughter.

The year 1819 was spent by Mr. De la Beche in an examination of the geological formations of Switzerland and Italy, and his zealous prosecution of similar inquiries led to his being elected in that year a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1820 a paper by Mr. De la Beche, On the Temperature and Depth of the Lake of Geneva,' the result of a most careful examination, was published in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. In his geological investigations of the British rocks the Rev. Wm. Conybeare, now the Dean of Llandaff, was, to some extent, connected with Mr. De la Beche; and his first communication to the Geological Society was the joint production of these two geologists, announcing the discovery of a new fossil animal of

the Saurian family, in the lias limestones of Bristol, which they named, as being distinctive of its species, the Plesiosaurus. From this time the name of De At the Annual Meeting of the BOSTON SOCIETY la Beche became closely connected with the science of the day. Many valuable papers were communiJohn C. Warren was elected President; Charles T. Jackson, M. D., and D. H. Streer, M. D., Vice Fossil Plants found at the Col de Balmo, near rate account of the Geology of Switzerland; the Presidents; and Samuel L. Abbott, M. D., Cor-Chamouny; a communication on the Geology of the responding Society. Coast of France; and several papers on the Geology

detail such as had never before been attained. This Survey was fairly established under the Orduance. "It was,”—says Sir Henry De la Beche, in his Inaugural Discourse, delivered at the opening of the School of Mines, on the 6th of November, 1851,-"It was while (in 1835) conducting the Geological Survey then in progress, under the

Ordnance, in Cornwall, that being forcibly im

pressed that this Survey presented an opportunity not likely to recur, of illustrating the useful applications of geology, I ventured to suggest to Mr. Spring Rice (now Lord Monteagle), then Chancellor of the Exchequer, that a collection should be formed, and placed under the charge of the Office of Works, containing specimens of the various mineral substances used for roads, in constructing public works or buildings, employed for useful purposes, or from which useful metals were extracted, and that it should be arranged with every reference to instruction; as by the adoption of this course a large amount of information, which was scattered, might be condensed, and those interested be enabled to judge how far our known mineral wealth might be rendered available for any undertaking they are required to direct, or may be anxious to promote, for the good or ornament of their country."

OF NATURAL HISTORY, held on the 2d instant,cated to the Geological Society, including an elabo- when the Earl Marshal's Office adjoining was added

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Being supported in this recommendation, the nucleus of the Museum of Practical Geology was formed in an apartment in Craig's Court. This collection in a short time filled one house; and even to it, the Museum, by the exertions of its founder, was soon found to outgrow these buildings. A Laboratory was added to the Museum, and placed under the care of the late Richard Phillips. The

business of the Geological Survey was greatly extended; and the Palæontological Department was superintended by the late Edward Forbes. The Mining Record Office was also, at the recommendation of the British Association, united to the Museum. In 1889, the sanction of the Treasury was obtained for Lectures on Geology, and its associated sciences, in their application to the useful purposes of life. Owing to the deficiency of room, it was not possible to commence these lectures until 1851; when the building in Jermyn Street received the valuable collections of the Museum and furnished the theater in which Sir Henry de la Beche delivered the Inaugural Address from which we have quoted.

In 1948, the honor of knighthood was bestowed on the Director of the Geological Survey; and in addition to this honor, in 1858 Sir II. de la Beche was elected, by the suffrages of forty-seven members, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Order of the Dannebrogg was bestowed on him by the King of Denmark; and he received the Order of Leopold from the King of the Belgians.

Beyond the works and papers which we have enumerated, Sir H. de la Beche published a voluminous report on the 'Geological Survey of Cornwall, Devonshire, and West Somerset,' 'Researches in Theoretical Geology,' and 'How to Observe.' In the various journals will be found forty papers and memoirs; and in 1851 Sir H. de la Beche completed his last work, The Geological Observer,' founded upon his former work How to Observe.' In all these productions will be discerned

person. She is that sister, "with a difference." Another sister died at home soon after leaving the school, and in consequence of its hardships; and "Currer Bell" (Charlotte Bronté) was never free, while there (for a year and a half), from the gnawing sensation or consequent feebleness of downright hunger; and she never grew an inch from that time. She was the smallest of women; and it was that school which stunted her growth. As she tells us in "Jane Eyre," the visitation of an epidemic caused a total change and radical reform in the establishment, which was even removed to another site. But the reform came too late to reverse the destiny of the doomed family of the Brontés.

the loss of this gifted creature at any time; but not the less deep will be the grief of society that her genius will yield us nothing more. We have three works from her, which will hold their place in the literature of our century; and, but for her frail health, there might have been three times three, for she was under forty, and her genius was not of an exhaustible kind. If it had been exhaustible, it would have been exhausted some time since. She had every inducement that could have availed with one less high-minded to publish two or three novels a year. Fame waited upon all she did; and she might have enriched herself by very slight exertion; but her steady conviction was that the publication of a book is a solemn act of conscience-in the case of a novel as much as any other kind of book. These wonderful girls were the daughters of a She was not fond of speaking of herself and her con- clergyman who, now very aged and infirm, survives science; but she now and then uttered to her very his wife and all his many children. The name few friends, things which may, alas! be told now, Bronté (an abbreviation of Bronterre) is Irish, and without fear of hurting her sensitive nature-things very ancient. The mother died many years ago, which ought to be told in her honor. Among these and several of her children. When the reading sayings was one which explains the long interval world began to have an interest in their existence, between her works. She said that she thought there were three sisters and a brother living with every serious delineation of life ought to be the pro- their father at Haworth, near Keighley, in Yorkduct of personal experience and observation-ex-shire. The girls had been out as governessesperience naturally occurring, and observation of a Charlotte at Brussels, as is no secret to the readers normal, and not of a forced or special kind. "I of "Villette." They rejoiced to meet again at have not accumulated, since I published 'Shirley,' ,"home-Charlotte, Emily, and Ann ("Currer," she said, "what makes it needful for me to speak" Ellis," and "Acton.") In her obituary notice again; and, till I do, may God give me grace to be of her two sisters, "Currer" reveals something of dumb!" She had a conscientiousness which could their process of authorship, and their experience of not be relaxed by praise or even sympathy-dear as failure and success. How terrible some of their sympathy was to her sensitive nature. She had no experience of life was in the midst of the domestic vanity which praise could aggravate or censure freedom and indulgence afforded them by their a minuteness of detail and an excellence of illus-mortify. She calmly read all adverse reviews of studious father, may be seen by the fearful repretration which mark the rare union of a skillful books, for the sake of instruction; and when she sentations of masculine nature and character found scientific observer and a finished illustrative could not recognize the aptness of criticism, she in the novels and tales of Emily and Ann. They draughtsman. was more puzzled than hurt or angry. The com- considered it their duty, they told us, to present mon flatteries which wait upon literary success, life as they knew it; and they gave us "Wuthershe quizzed with charming grace; and any occa-ing Hights," and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall." sional severity, such as literary women are favored Such an experience as this indicates is really perwith at the beginning of their course, she accepted plexing to English people in general; and all that with a humility which was full of dignity and we have to do with it is to bear it in mind when charm. From her feeble constitution of body, her disposed to pass criticism on the coarseness which, sufferings by the death of her whole family, and to a certain degree, pervades the works of all the the secluded and monotonous life she led, she be- sisters, and the repulsiveness which makes the came morbidly sensitive in some respects; but in tales by Emily and Ann really horrible to people her high vocation, she had, in addition to the deep who have not iron nerves. intuitions of a gifted woman, the strength of a man, "Jane Eyre" was naturally and universally supthe patience of a hero, and the conscientiousness posed to be Charlotte herself; but she always deof a saint. In the points in which women are us-nied it, calmly, cheerfully, and with the obvious ually most weak--in regard to opinion, to appre- sincerity which characterized all she said. She deciation, to applause-her moral strength fell not aclared that there was no more ground for the aswhit behind the intellectual force manifested in her works. Though passion occupies too prominent a place in her pictures of life, though women have to complain that she represents love as the whole and sole concern of their lives, and though governesses especially have reason to remonstrate, and do remonstrate, that their share of human conflict is laid open somewhat rudely and inconsiderately and very sweepingly to social observation, it is a true We regret to announce the death of Mrs. Nicol, social blessing that we have had a female writer formerly Miss Bronté, who, under the nom de plume who has discountenanced sentimentalism and feeble of Currer Bell, established a lasting reputation by egotism with such practical force as is apparent in the publication of "Jane Eyre." We have two the works of Currer Bell. Her heroines love too other novels from her pen, "Shirley," and "Vil-readily, too vehemently, and sometimes after a ette," and all are especially distinguished for great fashion which their female readers may resent; power of conception and vigorous portrayal of character. The unfortunate lady, who was the last survivor of a family of six, died on Saturday last, at her father's house, at Haworth, Yorkshire.

Although paralysis was seen by his anxious friends to be slowly but surely spreading its fatal influences over his once energetic frame, Sir H. de la Beche would not allow himself repose. The labors of the Geological Survey and the business of the Museum engaged his attention daily,-and even two days before his death he spent several hours in the Museum directing the business of that establishment with his usual acuteness, although then powerless to move himself.

Sir Henry de la Beche raised for himself a splendid memorial of his talents and his zeal, and he created for the public an establishment which cannot but prove eminently useful, if it be carried onward in the spirit and with that well-defined idea-which has been the creative power and the sustaining influence-under which the Museum of Practical Geology and the School of Mines were formed and have been supported.

DEATH OF CURRER BELL

From the Manchester Guardian.

From the London Morning News. "Currer Bell" is dead! The early death of the large family of whom she was the sole survivor, prepared all who knew the circumstances to expect

but they do their duty through every thing, and
are healthy in action, however morbid in passion.

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sertion than this: She once told her sisters that they were wrong-even morally wrong—in making their heroines beautiful, as a matter of course. They replied that it was impossible to make a heroine interesting on other terms. Her answer was, "I will prove to you that you are wrong. I will show you a heroine as small and as plain as myself who shall be as interesting as any of yours." "Hence Jane Eyre,'" said she, in telling the anecdote: "but she is not myself, any further than that." As the work went on the interest deepened to the writer. When she came to "Thornfield" she could not stop. Being short-sighted to excess, she wrote in little square paper-books, held close to her eyes, and (the first copy) in pencil. On she went, writing incessantly for three weeks; by which time she had carried her heroine away from Thornfield, and was herself in a fever, which compolled her to pause. The rest was written with

How admirable this strength is-how wonderful this force of integrity-can hardly be understood by any but the few who know the story of this re-less vehemence, and with more anxious care. The markable woman's life. The account of the school in "Jane Eyre" is only too true. The "Helen" of that tale is-not precisely the eldest sister, who died there-but more like her than any other real

world adds, with less vigor and interest. She could gratify her singular reserve in regard to the publication of this remarkable book. We all remember how long it was before we could learn who

wrote it, and any particulars of the writer, when the name was revealed. She was living among the wild Yorkshire hills, with a father who was too much absorbed in his studies to notice her occupations; in a place where newspapers were never seen

Journalism.

AMERICAN.

The proprietorship of the "Boston Chronicle"

The "British Banner," at the close of its seventh year, has a circulation larger than any weekly paper, except, perhaps, some of the Sunday papers. It purchases 44,000 stamps weekly. Kossuth's connection with the London Sunday

the London Atlas.

(or where sho never saw any), and in a house has been assumed by R. C. Nichols and a number Times has ceased, and he has now formed what he where the servants knew nothing about books, of others, mostly the leading employees in the es- calls "an intimate and durable connection" with manuscripts, proofs, or the post. When she told tablishment. The style of the firm will be R. C. her secret to her father, she carried her book in Nichols & Co. one hand, and an adverse review in the other, to save his simple and unworldly mind from rash expectations of a fame and fortune which she was determined should never be the aims of her life. That we have had only two novels since, shows how deeply grounded was this resolve. "Shirley" was conceived and wrought out in the midst of fearful domestic griefs. Her only brother, a young man of once splendid promise which was early blighted, and both her remaining sisters died in one year. There was something inexpressibly affecting in the aspect of the frail little creature who had done such wonderful things, and who was able

to bear up, with so bright an eye and so composed

a countenance, under such a weight of sorrow, and

smooth and brown, her fine eyes blazing with meaning, and her sensible face indicating a habit of self-control, if not of silence, she seemed a perfect household image-irresistibly recalling Words

The "Boston Times" has passed into the hands Hamlets, is now editor and principal proprietor of Mr. George Thompson, late M. P. for the Tower of its original publisher, George Roberts, Esq., he the "Empire" newspaper. having purchased the interest of the Messrs. Far-raised in price, from 4d. to 5d. This paper has been well, who will continue in the job printing establishment as heretofore. Some changes are to be made in the management of the Times. Messrs. Glen and French are interested as partners, and on and after this date two editions will be issued each day, making it an evening as well as a morning paper.

Mr. John J. Piper has just started a new weekly paper in Boston, called "The Country Journal." The "Boston Daily Bee" has just appeared in an enlarged form. This is the organ of the new party now in power in Massachusetts.

The sudden death of two newspaper publishers

a

The number and circulation of English religious papers, bear no comparison with those of the United States. The Church of England has two papers: the Record, published twice a week, with circulation of 3,379 each number; and the Ecclesiastical Gazette, weekly, with a circulation of 2,750. The Baptists have no paper, but they patronize the papers of the Independent denomination. These are-the Patriot, issued twice a week, with 1,268 subscribers; the British Banner, with a weekly

circulation of 3,888; and the Nonconformist, with a weekly circulation of 3,211. The Wesleyan Con

such a prospect of solitude. In her deep mourning of Boston, a father and son, occurred recently inference has only one paper, the Watchman, with a dress (neat as a quaker's), with her beautiful hair, that city, within two days. Mr. Henry Rogers, sen., subscription list of between 3,000 and 4,000. The was one of the oldest printers in New England, be-Wesleyan Times, the organ of the agitators, is raphas had charge of various newspaper enterprises. ing 69 years of age at the time of his death, and idly declining, its circulation having diminished one-half since the year 1851. Mr. N. Rogers, jun., was one of the proprietors of the "Boston Daily Journal," and was highly respected, both in business and private life.

worth's description of that domestic treasure. And the pen. The household knew the excellence of her cookery before they heard of that of her books.

she was this. She was as able at the needle as at

In so utter a seclusion as she lived in-in those dreary wilds where she was not strong enough to roam over the hills; in that retreat where her studious father rarely broke the silence-and there

was no one else to do it; in that forlorn house,

planted on the very clay of the churchyard, where the graves of her sisters were before her window; in such a living sepulchre, her mind could not but prey upon itself; and how it did suffer, we see in the more painful portions of her last novel, "Villette."

She said, with a change in her steady countenance, that she should feel very lonely when her aged father died. But she formed new ties after that. She married; and it is the old father who survives to mourn her. He knows, to his comfort, that it is not for long. Others now mourn her, in a domestic sense; and, as for the public there can be no doubt that a pang will be felt in the midst of the strongest interests of the day, through the length and breadth of the land, and in the very heart of Germany (where her works are singularly appreciated), France, and America, that the "Currer Bell," who so lately stole, as a shadow, into the field of cotemporary literature, has already become a shadow again--vanished from our view, and henceforth haunting only the memory of the multitudes whose expectation was fixed upon her.

Mr. G. B. GREENOUGH, a man of great scientific attainments, and author of "A Critical Examination of the First Principles of Geology," and numerous Addresses and Lectures, died recently at the age of seventy-seven. He was considered by English Geologists to be the leader of their band, and the

Geological Society is the monument of his fame. The naturalist, CH. DE MEYER, known to the scientific world by his travels among the Altai Mountains and in the regions of the Caucacus, died on the 28th ult.

cipal editor of the "Christian Witness," and will
Rev. Thomas F. Fales is appointed as the prin-

be assisted by an Association of Clergymen.
Ben. Perley Poore succeeds Mrs. E. Vale Smith
in the editorial charge of the Newburyport Satur-
day Evening Union, and makes an "American"

paper of it.

Mr. M. N. Bright, son of the poet Bright, has lately entered upon the duties of assistant editor to the "Albany Argus." Mr. Bright was formerly ditor of a newspaper printed at Glen Cove.

The following items respecting the Editorial

management of the different British Reviews, may

be interesting to some, although not new to most of our readers.

The present editor of the "Edinburgh Review," is Professor George Cornewall Lewis, late M. P. and Financial Secretary of the Treasury, and author of several works on Political Economy. The present editor of the "North British Review," is Professor

Fraser. The "Westminster Review" is under the direction of several editors, male and female, with John Chapman, the American bookseller in London, at its head, both as editor and publisher. Blackwood is conducted by Professor Aytoun, sonJ. Stanley Smith, favorably known for years in-law to Professor Wilson. The "London Quarfrom his connection with different journals in Al-terly," so long under the management of Lockhart, bany, has become the editor of the Auburn Daily who has resigned his post on account of ill health, American, a new Know-Nothing Journal. Smith is a racy, fluent, spirited writer. Mr. is now under the editorial supervision of the Rev. Whitwell Ewin, of Boston, who has been a contributor to the Review for some time past

"The Mormon" is the title of a new weekly journal, just started in New York by John Taylor, which advocates the peculiar and revolting doctrines and practices of that sect.

The "Protestant Churchman," a weekly issue of some position in this city, has recently undergone a change in its proprietorship. After the present week it will be committed to the charge of the Rev. Henry Anthon, D. D., the Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D., Rev. Eli H. Canfield, and Alexander W. Bradford, as joint editors and proprietors. On the 1st of June, the paper will be issued in a new form, and with considerable typographical improvement. "The Atlantis," is the title of a new German and devoted to Science, Politics, and Belles LetMonthly Review, published at Cleveland, Ohio, tres. This Magazine is edited by Mr. Christian

Essellen.

Rev. J. V. Huntington, formerly of the Episcopal communion, and late editor of the "Metropolitan Magazine," has started a Roman Catholic paper in St. Louis, entitled "The Leader," which is partly religious and partly literary in its character.

FOREIGN.

The "Catholic Standard," the only organ of the Roman Catholics of England, will in future be Mr. Wm. Sydney Thayer, of the Evening Post, edited by Mr. H. W. Wilberforce, brother to the Bishop of Oxford.

will deliver the Poem.

The "Presse" of December 28th publishes, from authentic returns, the circulation of the ten political daily Paris journals. 41,000; Siecle, 36,000; Constitutionnel, 26,000; Pays, 16,000; Patrie, 15,000; Debats, 9,000; Univers, 6,000; Assemblée Nationale, 5,000; Union, 4,000; Gazette de France, 8,000. Total, per day, 161,000, of which the two journals which represent the Moderate Republican party, stand for 77,000. Their success, however, is due to the fact of their being considered Opposition journals.

It is as follows:-Presse,

The Presso contains the following statement of its own progressive issue:

Impressions struck off Dec. 31, 1853--32,782. Daily averages of the completed months of 1853, January, 24,876; February, 29,082; March, 32,066; April, 34,642; May, 35,811; June, 36,073; July, 34,958; August, 34,098; September, 33,339; October, 39,461; November, 41,470.

This issue of 40,000 copies, effected in two hours, from 5 P. M. to 7 P. M., is accomplished by means of four sets of composed type, rolling simultaneously under four four-cylindrical presses, at the printing of M. Hyppolyte Marinoni; each press printing, on an average, between 5,000 and 5,500 copies.

The Presse commenced, on the fourth of October last, the publication of the Memoirs of George Sand, which appear under the title: "History of my Life," which is also being published in volumes. This important publication, that cost 180,000f., ought to belong to the journal that acquired, in 1843, the copyright of Chateaubriand's "Memoires d'outre Tombe," for a sum of 97,108f. As these Memoirs occupied 192 feuilletons, that made in all 99,718 lines, each feuilleton cost the Presse 506f., and each line 1f. 5c. There is not an instance in France of any other journal having put so high a value on any literary publication. This acquisition, at so high a rate, is not the only one made by the Presse. In December, 1847, it paid 40,000f. to M. de Lamartine for the copyright of the first volume, entitled "Confidences," which made 33 feuilletons; in 1850 it paid 10,000f. for the mere right of reprinting the second volume of the "Confidences," which only made 22 feuilletons, containing 7,200 lines, and consequently cost the Presse 455 5f. each, or 1f. 30c. per line. It is said in the literary circles of Paris, that M. Theophile Gauties is to leave the Presse, and become theatrical critic for the Moniteur, and that his late post on the Presse will be filled by M. Nestor Roqueplan, ex-director of the Opera.

Signor Giovini. In neither case is it large. La
Voce della Libertà is edited by Signors Brofferio and
La Cicilia, and has 500 subscribers. L'Espero sell
500 copies-Goffredo Mameli, 300. Turin has two
satirical journals: Il Fischietto, with a sale of 850,
and Il Campanone, a sort of 'Punch,' supported
by and supporting the parte prêtre. Il Diritto is
written by young men unconnected with the old
parties, and has a sale of 500 copies.

AMERICAN BAPTIST HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Second Annual Meeting.

At the Second Annual Meeting of this Society, in the First Baptist Church, Brooklyn, the Rev. Dr. W. R. Williams read a paper on the life and services of Roger Williams, the founder of the State of Rhode Island. By the courtesy of the editors of the "N. Y. Recorder and Register," we are permitted to make some extracts from

this elaborate paper :

which protects his rights on earth and his hopes in heaven, and which extracts from the wilderness a new outlet of progress. Among such benefactors of their race is to be ranked the founder of that colony now known as the State of Rhode Islandthe earnest, keen-eyed, resolute, and kindly Roger Williams. Southey the Churchman, and Charles Butler the Roman Catholic, each of them eminent for their writing, and neither of them prejudiced in his favor, yet unite in acknowledging his signal services to civil and religious liberty. The language of the English poet-laureate is, "We must not even thus casually mention his name, without expressions of respect and of reverence, for he was one of the best men who ever set foot on the new world, a man of genius and virtue, in whom enthusiasm took the very happiest direction and produced the best fruits." "I aver," proceeds Southey, "that if we were to see a Welsh Fuller write the lives of the worthies of Wales, Roger

Williams would deserve, if not the first place, at least a place among the first; for he began the first civil government on the earth which gave equal liberty of conscience."

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The Scripture, in its recital of the glowing acces sions to the banner of David, lays a special stress on the adhesion to his cause, on the part of those valiant captains who went over Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks; and A weekly American paper was commenced in who put to flight all them of the valleys, both toDecember last, in Paris, called "The American," wards the East and towards the West. and is edited by Mr. Charles L. Fleischmann, being These worthies forded the perilous and untried designed for the reading of Americans on the Con-passage to win, on a hostile soil, and against vast odds, a wide and sudden victory. There are other The Revue des Deux Mondes has now a rival in and higher trophies that those of the warrior, won an Orleanist periodical, edited by le Vicomte Al- by him amid the clangor of battle, and with gar recognized in 1682 a general religious toleration, but

tinent.

phonse de Calonne. Founded on a similar plan to

that of its rival, it purposes devoting a large portion of its paper to English literature. Among the contributors are the names of MM. Guizot, Villemain de Salvandy, Mermee, Alfred Nettement, Philarete Charles, de Calonne, &c.

ments rolled in blood. Society has had its woes

Almost half a century before William Penn became founder of an American proprietary, Roger Williams asserted the great doctrine of intellectual liberty. It became his glory to found a state upon that principle, and to stamp, himself, upon its rising institutions characteristics so deep that the impress has remained to the present day. The claim of Calvert, Lord Baltimore, has been sometimes urged as earlier in date than Roger Williams. He had when this toleration first received legal shape in 1649, that toleration included only Christians.

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Williams had earlier taken the strong, broad ground, that the Jew, the Mahometan, and the Pagan, should be allowed to dwell together in Christian peace. Jeremy Taylor, and Milton, and Locke, all wrote later in favor of liberty; but Taylor sat in a council which banished two thousand of the ministers of England from their pulpits, and even Milton and Locke could not extend their doctrines to Catholics.

lightened, its resources expanded, and its wrongs redressed by men who have started out on a career of discovery and reform, of enfranchisement and of peace, at times, too, when their path must perforce cross the storms of all past precedents, the eddies of the fashionable current which rise and divide before them as if to shut off all hope, and Periodicals and Newspapers of Piedmont.-A Mi- the currents of usage which run in one broad, deep, lan paper gives a few particulars of the Piedmontese dark, and unfathomable tide to bar their further literary and political organs which have their head-progress, while beyond them lay the regions of unquarters at Turin. From this account we learn known, perchance of most perilous adventure; and that there are four regular Reviews published in yet they persevered in stemming the swollen and Roger Williams was banished from Salem in 1635. that capital:-La Ravista Contemporanea, a journal | sullen waters, and in quelling opposition. They For fourteen weeks in winter, Roger Williams says, edited by Signor Chiala, and numbering among its opened to those who followed, at first distrustingly, he knew neither bread nor bed. He sought first a contributors Signors Rosmini, the ablest of Italy's and it may be derisively, in their train, a wide ex- settlement at Seekonk, but having an intimation living philosophers, Tommasco, Rovere, &c. It panse to become the quiet and permanent heritage from Gov. Winthrop not to remain there, he steered has also accounts of Foreign Literature. La Ra- of posterity. These were the conquests of knowl- his course for Narragansett. He had in early days vista Enciclopedica Italiana, though founded by edge, of freedom, and of truth. The occupancy showed a sympathy for the Indians; and now the M. Credari, and sustained by some of the best wri- once made, their enterprise seems easy and two sachems, the elder Canonicus and the young ters of Italy-Signors Amari, La Fariné, Montanelli, obvious, but its inception required the stout heart, sachem, his nephew, Miantonimo, showed true hosand Mazzoni-has not attained the success which and the prophetic eye and the sinewy arm. A pitality to the exiled Puritan, whom the men banits friends expected: but it will appear under new whole century of dilatory preparations and timor- ishing him had proposed to transport back to old auspices; Il Cemento, a paper devoted to the cause ous misgivings often intervened before the enter- England. With his own money he purchased from of Italian nationality in the spheres of literature, prise was commenced. Childhood is now conning the Indians tracts of land, making him the owner and more especially philosophy, is the organ of the as its most familiar and facile lessons in the cheap of the territory of his colony as really-he aftermore ardent patriots, and numbers among its edi-school-books great truths over which aged experi-wards said--as he was of the coat on his back. His tors Signors Spaventa, a disciple of Hegel; Antonio ence once bowed in hopeless perplexity, as over prob- disinterestedness was shown in his way of treating Gallenga, a writer well known in England under lems which gray-beard wisdom and hoary-headed what he might have made the possession of his own his nom de plume "L. Marriotti ;" and Constantino time had as yet failed to solve with all their endeavors. family. He might have constituted himself, as afNigro, a young Italian poet;-and La Ragione, And when this problem, so solved, has referred terwards Wm. Penn did, the proprietor, or as he founded by Signor Antonio Franchi, an organ ex- to liberty, the truest of all mere earthly possessions, was termed, the patroon of his colony; but he beclusively devoted to the discussion of high and ab- and to religion, man's highest-because his celestialstowed it freely to the settlers, inviting those who stract questions of philosophy. Of these, La Ra- and his eternal-interest, and when the solution of vista Contemporanea alone reaches a sale of 2,000. the problem has been won in the face of authority There are also at Turin eleven newspapers:- Piand custom, when in the language of Burke, "the emonte, the ministerial organ, which has replaced file showed no longer a precedent, and the waters Il Parliamento, sell 2,000. La Gazetta del Popolo, were out" over all the highways, it would seem the republican organ, sell 7,000, about double the difficult to estimate the adequate meed of gratitude circulation of all the other journals put together. to be awarded to the far-sighted sagacity and unL'Opinione, organ of the moderates, sells 800; the daunted heroism which conquered for the nations, circulation of L'Armonia, a clerical paper, is not in such a crisis, some new safeguard for man's enknown; nor is that of L'Unione, the journal of joyment of terrene freedom and of Divine truth,

were exiles for conscience' sake. And such was his rare disinterestedness, that one of his sons speaks of him as being left in need in his old age dependent upon his children; and that son himself had only three acres of land to live on. The colonists who expelled him he early warned of an intended assault of the Indians against themselves; and he periled his own life to break off the design. He negotiated a peace, although he had for three nights to lie down among savages, the sanguinary Pequods of

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