invited attention to the opportunities for missionary work in Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Texas. A special paper was read by Secretary J. B. Clark on the financial condition of the society. A plan was adopted for raising a sufficient amount to pay the debt of the society by 1,400 subscriptions of $100 each; and several subscriptions were made upon it.

Church Building Society.-The forty-second annual meeting of the Congregational Church Building Society was held in New York Jan. 10. The treasurer reported an increase both in the receipts and in the number of contributing churches. The receipts were $155,138, or $8,086 more than those of the previous year, and the number of contributing churches was 2,378, or 240 more than in any previous year. Aid had been given toward the completion of 54 parsonages, in which, by means of loans of $21,750, property valued at $62,115 had been brought into use; and 103 houses of worship, in which $339,722 of church property had been secured by advancing $70,758. The average cost, including lots, of the parsonages was about $1,150, and the average parsonage loan about $403. The average cost of the churches completed was $3,298, and the average aid $694. Of the churches aided, 8 had been given loans only, 21 loans and grants, and 82 grants only.

American Missionary Association. The forty-ninth annual meeting of the American Missionary Association was held at Detroit, Mich., in October. The receipts for the year had been $307,547, and the expenditures $337,334. The deficit, $29,787, added to the debt, $66,301, brought over from the previous year made the present indebtedness of the society $96,088. In addition to the ordinary receipts, the association had received, as income from the Daniel Hand fund, the sum of $45,275 and endowment funds to the amount of $4,810, which made its total income $357,632. Notwithstanding the large debt, the present rate of annual expenditure was $50,000 less than it had been three years previously. Some of the schools and missions had been closed, and those which remained were suffering in efficiency and power and in the compass of their work. The following statistics were presented of the educational and missionary work of the society: Educational work South-higher institutions, 6; normal and graded schools, 39; common schools, 29; instructors, 405; pupils, 11,981. Church work South-churches, 198; missionaries, 138; members, 10,476; added during the year, 1,346; Sunday-school scholars, 12,715. Mountain work (included above)-churches, 51; members, 4,521; schools, 17; pupils, 2,084; teachers and missionaries, 62; ministers, 22. Work among the Indians churches, 14; members, 905; schools, 21; missionaries and teachers, 80; pupils, 578; Sunday-school scholars, 1,400. Work among the Chinese-schools, 20; teachers, 36; pupils, 1,011; number of Christian Chinese, 300; professing faith in Christ during the year, 40. General summary-schools, 117; pupils, 13,732; missionaries, 649; churches, 212; church members, 11,381; Sunday-school scholars, 15,289. Forty-two new churches, with more than 1,000 members, had been organized in the South and West. The

out stations connected with the work among the Indians-which usually represent a house occupied by a Christian Indian and his wife, and a school and a church, or, perhaps, a circuit of churches-are situated in 5 different States, and reach probably not far from 20 tribes. Twenty missionaries occupied these out stations, and, it was estimated, came in contact with about 50,000 Indians every year. A new mission had been opened during the year, by the aid of funds contributed especially for that purpose, among the Crow Indians. Missionary work had been resumed among the Eskimos in Alaska, with manifestations of considerable religious interest among the people, and an enrollment of 142 and an average attendance of 108 in the schools. The whole number of additions during the year to the membership of the churches in the South and West was 1,425. An increase of churches and of members had taken place during the year in the "mountain work," or the work among the people of the mountain region of the Southern States. Of the pupils in the schools in the South, 91 were classed as theological, 63 as collegiate, 198 as collegiate preparatory, 1.376 as normal students, 2,621 as grammar-school pupils, 3,170 as intermediate, and 4,552 as preparatory.

In the industrial departments of the schools are taught shoemaking, carpentry, printing, tinning, cabinetmaking, wagon making, blacksmithing, sewing, cutting, nursing, and other like arts. One normal school in the South, that at Orange Park, Fla., is especially mentioned in the report as having been "made an object of determined attack by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who has influenced the enactment of laws which make it a criminal offense not only to allow a white student in the same school, but also for a white teacher to be boarded under the same roof with colored pupils. The law is so vicious in intent, and so significant in its purpose, that, after legal opinions of eminent counsel, our committee have found no other way but to test its validity; not in a spirit of disobedience to law, but with a determination to have the deliverance of the highest possible authority upon a law which we consider unchristian."

American Board. The eighty-sixth annual meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was held in Brooklyn, N. Y., Oct. 15 to 18. The treasurer's report showed that the total receipts for the year had been $716,837, or $11,704 more than in the previous year. Among the details of the receipts, a gain of $38,222 was returned in the regular contributions from churches and individuals, a decrease of $14,628 in special gifts, and a decrease of $33,333 in legacies, the whole amount received from this source being the smallest sum derived from it, with one exception, in five years. Other items in the receipts were $9,031 from interest. $41,867 from the legacy of Asa Otis, and $47,071 received for the debt. The expenditures had been $715,232. The debt, which amounted to $116,237 at the beginning of the year, had been reduced to $114,682. The foreign missionary work comprised, in 20 fields in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceanica, 103 stations, 1,163 out stations, 1,461 places for stated preach

ing, with average congregations of 72,000 persons. In these stations were employed 187 ordained missionaries, 16 of whom were physicians, 24 unordained physicians (including 11 women), 5 male assistants, 367 women (including the 11 physicians)—making the whole number of laborers from the United States 572-242 native pastors, 500 native preachers and catechists, 1,734 native school-teachers, and 613 other native laborers. The whole number of native laborers was 3,107, and the whole number of American and native laborers 3,679. The 461 churches returned 44,413 church members, of whom 3,206 had been added during the year; and the whole number of church members from the beginning, as nearly as could be learned, was 131,914. The educational department returned 16 theological seminaries and station classes, 64 colleges and high schools, 60 boarding schools for girls, and 1,025 common schools, with, in all, 53,615 persons under instruction. Of these, 205 were in the theological schools and station classes and 4,174 in the colleges and high schools.

The condition of the finances was the most important subject claiming the attention of the meeting. As with most of the other missionary societies, the contributions had greatly fallen off during the past few years, and the board had been able to sustain its work without contrac

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tion only by drawing upon two large special funds which had been bequeathed to it. funds were now exhausted, or nearly so, and the

question had to be faced of how to carry on the widely extended missionary work without diminution. Co-operating committees, representing different parts of the country, appointed in the previous year to assist in securing increased contributions, had brought in reports that were called encouraging, but could not make sure that the required total of income would be obtained. In a paper on "The Next Step" Secretary Judson Smith insisted that there should be no reduction, and the meeting unanimously resolved

That every member of every Congregational church and every friend of the board in the land engage in continuous prayer for the board and its work and for the personal guidance of the Holy Spirit in determining the duty of individual bene

factions.

That every Church be constrained to make a contribution according to its means, and that plans be adopted by each to secure an individual gift from every member.

That, while every effort be made to reduce (remove, if possible) the debt and diminish the expenses, no field bo abandoned, and that the necessary financial burden be carried another year with ceaseless prayer to God for speedy relief.

That we seek, through co-operating committees and by every possible agency, for large gifts from prosperous sons and daughters of God to swell the regular receipts and replace the nearly consumed Otis and Swett legacies.

That applicants for service be encouraged to hope that soon their desire may be gratified, that none be turned away from this chosen service, but in tempo

rary toils at home hold themselves in readiness for the call to duty on foreign fields.

The work of the co-operating committees was approved, and they were reappointed. Further resolutions were unanimously adopted:

That the expenditure of the Otis legacy to be completed in a few months, leaving the responsibility of the missions which have been aided from this source needs of all the existing missions, hampered as they resting directly upon the treasury; that the pressing have been and well-nigh crippled by the enforced retrenchments and the refused appropriations of the last two years; that the number of gifted and devoted young men and women waiting and asking for missionary appointments: that the perils of the time, calling upon the board and its friends to present a resolute and undaunted front to the difficulties and antagonisms it encounters-that these and other facts demand of the pastors and the churches a far more united and generous response to the calls of the board's officers and of the co-operating committees than has yet been obtained.

That the Prudential Committee, in making the appropriations and expending the resources committed to our hands, is not to be held responsible for disasof those expenditures, and that it be instructed, just trous results which may ensue from the insufficiency so far as is practicable, to restrict its operations within the measure of the means furnished it. For all limitations or sufferings thus occasioned, the churches must answer, which, with the knowledge of the need and the opportunities, and with the needed resources in hand, fail to respond to the call of the Master of their fellow-men, and of the heroic representatives they have sent into the field.

A special committee was appointed to endeavor to secure from individual friends of the board, but without interfering with the cooperating committees and the regular agencies, subscriptions, payable in March, 1896, conditioned on $115,000, the approximate amount of the debt, being obtained.

Woman's Board.-The twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Woman's Board of Missions was held in Boston, Mass., Nov. 6. The report was for nine and one half months. The receipts from contributions and legacies had been $107,147, while other items made the total receipts from Jan. 1 to Oct. 15, $115,989. The board had under its care in different fields 120 missionaries, 10 assistant missionaries, 33 girls' boarding schools, 266 day schools in whole or in part, and 157 Bible women. The Inland Home for kraal girls, at Amanzintote, Zululand, afforded shelter to many fugitives, and 197 girls had become members of the school. More than 2,000 girls attended the village day schools in Batticota, Ceylon. At the girls' school in Oodooville, Ceylon, was organized, in 1885, the first Christian Endeavor Society in Eastern lands. There are also in the churches Junior Endeavor Societies, a Young Men's Christian Association, and Helping Hand Societies, in which low-caste, poor women are taught to sew and to read the Bible. The reports of missions in European and Asiatic Turkey and of the Marathi Mission in India summarized the work of 50 missionaries. The American College for Girls, in Constantinople, had given instruction during its fifth academic year to 161 students, of whom 88 were Armenians, 19 Greeks, and 18 Bulgarians, the remaining 36 being divided among 7 different nationalities. Eighty-eight were boarders,

47 were in the college proper, and 114 in the preparatory department.

Triennial National Council.-The Congregational Triennial National Council met in Syracuse, N. Y., Oct. 10. The Hon. Nelson Dingley, ex-Governor of Maine, was chosen moderator. The statistical report presented by the secretary, the Rev. Dr. Hazen, showed that the membership of the Congregational churches had increased during the triennium by 58,442, a number larger by 9,000 than in the previous three years, or any three years of the record. The number added on confession of faith was 104,879; the number of infant baptisms, 34,392, almost 6,000 more than in the previous period; the gain in members of the Sunday schools, 51,900; and in members of young people's societies, 58,985, the whole number of Congregational members of these societies being 204,085. The whole number of churches added to the roll was 651, but the net gain of churches was only 356, or 119 a year. When the council met in Boston in 1865 it represented 2,745 churches, with 262,400 members in 23 States and Territories. It was now at home in every State except Delaware, and every Territory except Alaska, had added 2,597 churches to its roll, almost doubling their number, and had gained 320,890 in membership.

The gain of members was largest in the interior where it was 31,077, or 3,500 more than in the East and West combined. In this list Illinois stood first, with 6,994 of increase, and was followed by Michigan, Iowa, Massachusetts, California, and Ohio. Of the gain of churches, 155 were in the interior, 128 in the West, and 73 in the East. Alabama led in it with 55 of increase, and was followed by Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The five States having more than 300 churches were Massachusetts, Michigan, Illinois, Connecticut, and Iowa. Massachusetts stood first in the number of members, 109,474, and was followed by Connecticut, 81,357, New York, Illinois, Ohio, and Iowa, each having more than 30,000 members.

The total of benevolent contributions reported for the three years was $7,244,682. The average per member was $12.89, or $4.22 per annum. The influence of the financial situation appeared in the contrast of the small gain of $124,609 with that of $1,138,806 during the preceding triennium. The decrease had come into view only during the past two years. The fifth-year statistics showed that the 5,342 churches had 4,417 houses of worship, valued at $43,446,243, or an average of $9,792; that 2,032 of the churches had parsonages, valued at $4,580,239; that 1,022 of the churches had invested funds to the amount of $3,881,750, and 1,562 churches had debts amounting to $3,300,796; or, in other words, the invested funds would pay all the debts and leave $381,000 surplus. A gain of $55,961 was reported in assets held by the trustees of the council and the Committee on Ministerial Relief, chiefly from legacies. The Church Manual was reported to be completed, with full instructions for the organization and conduct of a church. The report of the committee on church unity included a review of a number of propositions which had been made with reference to that end, chiefly those of the bishops

of the Protestant Episcopal Church, of the Disciples of Christ, of the Christian Connection, and the "New Jersey Declaration" of Congre gationalists. The proposition of the bishops, embodying the "four points" of the "Lambeth articles," had failed to be accepted by other denominations on account of the impossibility of agreeing upon the interpretation to be given to the historic episcopate.' A proposal made by the Disciples of Christ was disinissed as impracticable, because it insisted on the baptism of penitent believers by immersion only. It was pointed out that the first steps toward union could best be taken between denominations which were governed by the same polity. The previous National Council had said "that affiliation with our denomination of churches not now upon our roll should be welcomed upon the basis of the common evangelical faith, substantial Congregational polity, and free communion of Christians, without regard to forms or minor differences."

That resolution opened the way fully for fellowship with any Church or Churches that prefer to practice baptism by immersion and only on confession of faith in Christ. It had removed one stumbling-block in the way of union with the Free Baptists. In their case, however, an unsuccessful negotiation for union in Michigan with the regular Baptists had, with other things, made it seem untimely to press the subject at present. There was, however, believed to be a growing sentiment among the Free Baptists in favor of closer union with other bodies, either Baptist or Congregationalist. A more satisfactory correspondence had been had with the Christian Connection, the history of which brought to consideration what was known as the "New Jersey Declaration," concerning which the report continued:

It proposes organic union with the Free Baptists and the Christian Connection, on the basis of the sanie general faith in the Scriptures, interpreted with Christian liberty. It declares that no change is asked in their customs or faith. It desires that they shall "maintain their teaching as to the manner and subjects of baptism," and it declares that "we are under bondage to no creed, Lutheran, Calvinistic or Arminian, and that our only authority is found in the Holy Scriptures. It does not ask that they "should sink their names or give up their loved organizations or vested interests," and it professes a desire to " cept any terms which they in the exercise of their conscientious rights and their Christian affection could ask," and on such terms it invites correspondence with them. The Declaration concludes with a proposition of a proposed basis of union [for which see the action of the Council following the presentation of the report]:

ac

This paper was sent to the various Congregational State bodies, and has been approved by the AssociaOhio, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Washingtions or Conferences of Pennsylvania, Michigan, ton, and perhaps of other States.

In accordance with the purpose of this paper, the committee whose names are signed to it were reprosented at the New Jersey State Convention of the Christian Connection, which body passed very cordial resolutions, recommending further action by their National Convention, which was to meet in laverhill, Mass., in October, 1894. Your committee were represented at that convention by two of their number, and were most cordially received. Two days were devoted to the discussion of union with

the Congregationalists, and action was finally taken unanimously, recommending "a co-operative union between the Christians and the Congregationalists or any other denomination seeking such union," such union to recognize the parity of the co-operating bodies, and not to be based on doctrinal tests; such co-operative union not to interfere with institutions, churches, conferences, etc., at present organized, but to be concerned with mutual recognition and common service for Christ's kingdom. It was also proIvided that a commission of 12 members should be formed to act with similar commissions of any other bodies, a two-thirds majority of whom should be assumed to represent the Christian Connection, unless their action is reversed by the Quadrennial Convention." Such a representative Commission was appointed. It was also voted that "the ultimate ideal of Christian union is the union of all the followers of Christ in one body, in an organic union, inspired with the spirit of the Master, existing and acting with single reference to carrying on his work, building up his kingdom, and bringing the world to Christ; and we would encourage and co-operate with any and all measures looking to this end.""

While the Christian body seemed disposed to go slowly in the matter of union, so that there might be no union without general agreement and the fullest conference, it was evident that a genuine desire for actual union existed among its members. Their proposal of a co-operative union was for the present purpose, but was regarded as by no means reaching their ideal of ultimate organic union.

The Council resolved

That it be the duty of the Committee on Union with Other Denominations in cases where it may seem wise to this committee to attempt specific union with any particular denomination to conduct negotiations with such denomination by means of persons whom it shall select for such purpose.

That, in particular, this committee be directed to act in conference with the commission appointed by the Christian Quadrennial Convention, with a view to closer co-operative union and, if it seem feasible, organic union. We suggest also particularly that the committee continue the communications with the Free Baptists which have been hitherto in progress. The Committee on Union with Other Denominations shall be understood to act upon the following

basis:

(a) In accordance with the constitution and organic declaration of this National Council, adopted at Oberlin in 1871, declaring the Holy Scriptures "the sufficient and only infallible rule of religious faith and practice, their interpretation thereof being in substantial accordance with the great doctrines of Christian faith commonly called evangelical," and that "the liberty of our churches" affords "the ground and hope of a more visible unity in time to come," we, as Congregational churches, recognize no creed of human origin, no matter how venerable or historically honored by us and by the Christian Church, to have authority over our faith, which authority belongs only to the Word of God. (b) In any union contemplated those who join together have, accordingly, the right to maintain their

conscientious varieties of faith and order. (c), And, whereas the visible union of Christendom is an object greatly to be desired, and whereas it is our duty to do what we can to secure it, and whereas such union can not be secured by the submission of any, but only by the liberty of all, under Jesus Christ, we do approve, as a proposed basis of such union, the platform of union suggested by the New Jersey Association and approved by a number of our other State bodies, and we direct the Committee on Union with Other Denominations to present it in the following slightly amended form to our sister denom

eration:

inations of evangelical Christians for their considWe propose to other Protestant Evangelical Churches a union, or alliance, based on 1. The acceptance of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments inspired by the Holy Ghost as containing all things necessary to salvation, and as being the rule and ultimate standard of Christian faith.

2. Discipleship of Jesus Christ, the divine Lord and Saviour and the Teacher of the world.

3. The Church of Christ, which is his body, whose great mission it is to preach his Gospel to the world. 4. Liberty of conscience in the interpretation of the Scriptures and in the administration of the Church.

Such an alliance of the Churches should have regular meetings of their representatives, and should have for its objects, among others:

1. Mutual acquaintance and fellowship.

2. Co-operation in foreign and domestic missions. 8. The prevention of rivalries between competing Churches in the same field.

4. The ultimate visible union of the whole body of Christ.

And whereas it can not be expected that there shall be a speedy corporate union of the numerous bodies into which the Christian Church of our own land is divided, we do therefore desire that their growing spiritual unity should be made manifest by some form of federation which shall express to the world their common purpose and confession of faith in Jesus Christ, and which shall have for its object to make visible their fellowship, to remove misunderstandings, and to aid their consultations in establishing the kingdom of God in the world; and to this end we invite correspondence with other Christian bodies.

That we commend our brethren who have sought to promote comity of interdenominational organizations in the several States, and request the Committee on Denominational Comity to arrange similar movements in all parts of our land.

the various denominations be sought, either for comity When it shall seem proper that a conference of or for closer union, this shall be provided for by the joint action of the two committees, each consenting thereto.

the Council was addressed by the Rev. J. B. During the deliberations on these_measures Weston, D. D., chairman of the Committee on Union of the Christian Quadrennial Convention, explaining the position of that body, and expressing its desire for a closer fellowship. In the case of the Alabama State Convention, which the Council had hitherto declined to rec

ognize, because including only white churches, it was not organized as representing all the Congregational churches of the State, the Council found that it had modified its constitution,

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adopting the principle of the Council of 1892 of equal rights for all Disciples of Christ of every race," and had invited the Congregational Association of Alabama (colored) to unite with it on that basis, which invitation—although the two bodies had once sat as one-had not yet been finally accepted. Present recognition was given to the General Convention of Alabama pending further action upon the recommendation of the Council that negotiations for union with the churches of the Alabama Association be resumed," and that both parties, in the spirit of mutual concession, earnestly endeavor to bring all the Congregational churches of the State into one fraternal organization."

The following resolution, with reference to re

cent legislation in Florida, was adopted by a unanimous rising vote:

Whereas, The State of Florida in a recent enactment has made it a criminal offense for our missionary teachers to instruct in schools, white and colored pupils without caste distinctions; and for any person to patronize such schools; and

Whereas, The State Superintendent of Education has given public notice that he will subject the teachers of the American Missionary Association to criminal prosecution in case they live in the same building with their pupils or teach white and colored pupils without distinction of caste :

Therefore, The National Council of Congregational Churches of the United States, regarding the enactment not only as repugnant to Christian principle, but also as opposed to our civil rights guaranteed by do call upon our representative, the American Missionary Association, to unceasingly and courageously resist this wicked enactment in all lawful ways, and to exhaust all legal measures to defend these guaranteed rights and privileges, and to carry if necessary this case to the Supreme Court of the United States, for adjudication, and we pledge to the association in pursuance of this our hearty co-operation.

the Constitution of the United States to all citizens,

A rule laid down by the Council nine years before for the preservation of a high standard of character and education in the ministry was reaffirmed. Resolutions in reference to the "Armenian atrocities" and outrages on missionaries in China, besides expressions of condemnation, contained a call on the United States Government more thoroughly to protect the lives and interests of its citizens abroad.

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British Congregationalists. The returns of the British Congregational churches, officially furnished to the Yearbook" for 1895, show that there were in England and Wales in 1894 4,592 Congregational places of worship, with accommodation for 1,618,722 persons, an increase for the year of 43,701 sittings. In Scotland there were 99 churches, and in Ireland 27, with 96 evangelistic stations. In the British colonies there were 818 churches, an increase of 11. In the district covered by the London Congregational Union there were 375 churches, with accommodations for 218,467 persons. No returns as to church membership are furnished by the associations, but there were 2,804 ministers in England and Wales, 112 in Scotland, 27 in Ireland, and 430 in the colonies. Twenty-six new churches were formed during the year, including 10 in the colonies, and 44 new chapels were opened, 29 enlarged, and 10 closed.

Congregational Union of England and Wales. The sixty-third Annual_Assembly of the Congregational Union of England and Wales was held in London, beginning May 6. The Rev. U. R. Thomas, of Bristol, presided. The report of the committee contained a revision (the fourth) of the constitution, in which provision was made for the enlargement of the privileges of membership, giving the committees a more open constitution; substituting a division of England into 8 representative districts for the present division into 4; and proposing the institution of 2 or even more autumnal meetings of the Union. The revision was submitted, with the suggestion that consideration of it be deferred. This was done. The belief was expressed in the report on secondary education that the report of the royal com

mission would lead to a great extension of secondary education, which would do much to free it from the denominational bias and taint. A resolution concerning the "atrocities" in Armenia called on the Government to continue its remonstrances with the Sublime Porte until the administration of the Armenian provinces has unanimously adopted in favor of the local opbeen thoroughly reformed. A resolution was tion bill (relative to the sale of intoxicating liquors). A special committee was appointed in view of the recent letter of the Pope, to prepare an address to the Congregational churches on the subjects of sacramentalism, ecclesiasticism, and reunion. The subject of the duty of the Congregational churches to promote progressive work, especially in large towns, having been introduced and discussed, the committee was authorized to prepare a scheme for church extension in such towns. A resolution of sympathy with Madagascar stated that "the assembly can only contemplate with pain the course by which not only the peace but the national independence of Madagascar have been put in imminent peril. The assembly desired to express its affectionate sympathy with the Malagasy churches in the trial through which they were passing, and earnestly prayed that the lives and liberties of the people might yet be spared." Copies of the resolution were ordered sent to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and to the writers of the recent appeal from Madagascar addressed to the secretary of the London Missionary Society. The subjects, relating to missions, were discussed during the meetings of "Modern Theology in Relation to Christian Missions," Change_of Methods in Missionary Work," and "The Development of the Resources of Our Churches for Missionary Purposes." A course of lectures on various aspects of missions was announced for the next winter.

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The autumnal assembly of the Union was held at Brighton, beginning Sept. 30. The Rev. U. R. Thomas presided, and delivered an opening address on 66 Catholicity and Congregationalism." He said catholicity was indigenous to true Congregationalism. There was little danger of any earnest effort for the reunion of Christendom being ever disparaged from the chair of that Union. But when the pious opinions of the Pope of Rome, the tentative proposals of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the renewed and reiterated discussions of the conferences at Grindelwald had pretty well succeeded in beating the word "reunion on the drum of the Church's ear, he might be pardoned for suggesting that catholicity must precede reunion. It would be unspeakably better to have catholicity without reunion than reunion without catholicity. Catholicity was not catholicism that would monopolize the title Catholic, and the great party in another Church that appropri ated the name were, and always had been, the chief hinderers, and the most formidable antagonists of catholicity. Resolutions were passed by the assembly, declaring its strenuous opposition to the proposals of the archbishops and the Roman Catholic committees to seek increased grants of public funds for schools under denominational management and for teachers whose appointment or dismissal would be vested in unrepre