products, 18 cities report amounts aggregating more than that sum.

Clothing, Women's.-New York is reported as having by far the largest amount of capital invested in this industry. The other cities nearest in rank are Chicago, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and San Francisco. The first 4 named are also highest in value of products, Cleveland being the fifth. Of the 14 cities reported, the capital in 7 cities (1890) is more than $1,000,000, and the value of products in 8 cities exceeds that amount.

Cotton Goods.-Fall River, Mass., is the most conspicuous in the matter of capital invested, those cities coming nearest being Lowell, Mass., New Bedford, Mass., Manchester, N. H., and Philadelphia. In value of products the cities rank as follows: Fall River, Lowell, Philadelphia, Manchester, N. H., and New Bedford, Mass. Among 27 cities in the list 21 employed (1890) more than $1,000,000 capital, and the value of products in 20 cities exceeded that

Iron and Steel.-Pittsburg, Chicago, Cleveland, Ohio, Scranton, Pa., and Youngstown, Ohio, hold the highest rank in amount of capital invested and value of products. Out of 19 cities given, the capital invested and value of products in 18 exceeds $1,000,000.

Leather. The 5 leading cities in capital invested under this heading are Milwaukee, Wis., Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville, Ky., and Allegheny, Pa. Those highest in rank in value of products are Milwaukee, Chicago, Cincinnati, Allegheny, and Louisville. Ten cities of the 20 included in the list have more than $1,000,000 capital invested, and in 12 cities the value of products exceeds that amount.

Liquors, Malt. In amount of capital invested in the manufacture of malt liquors, New York holds first place. Next in order of rank are Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, and Milwaukee. In value of products the cities rank thus: New York, St. Louis, Brooklyn, Milwaukee, and Philadelphia. There are 54 cities mentioned. Of these, the capital invested in 28 is more than $1,000,000; the value of products in 24 cities exceeds that amount.

Lumber and Similar Products.-The principal cities in the matter of capital were Minneapolis, Minn., Muskegon, Mich., Williamsport, Pa., Bay

City, Mich., and Saginaw, Mich. In value of products, Minneapolis, Bay City, Muskegon, Oshkosh, Wis., and Williamsport are most conspicuous. Thirty-nine cities are shown, and of this total 22 had (1890) more than $1,000,000 capital invested, and the value of products in 19 cities exceeded that amount.

Printing and Publishing, Book and Job.-In this industry New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago are far ahead of any other cities. The 2 next in capital invested are St. Louis and Cincinnati. În value of products the cities rank as follow: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and Washington, D. C. Of the 45 cities given under this heading, the amount of capital invested and value of products in 10 is more than $1,000,000.

Other Industries.-The same method of comparison can readily be adopted with reference to the other industries given by cities in detail. Among the most important not included above, but well worthy of examination, are bookbinding, brick and tile, chemicals, furniture, jewelry, shipbuilding, silk and silk goods, slaughtering and meat packing, woolen goods, and worsted goods. As a matter of fact, the cities in many instances do not hold the same rank in the several industries to-day that they held when the eleventh census was taken; but the scope of the investigation was so broad, and the ground to be covered so extensive, that the figures given have but recently been made available in corrected form. State statistics of more recent date will, in many instances, be found under the State name in each year's issue of the "Annual Cyclopædia." The figures given in this article are the latest Federal statistics, and will remain so until the taking of the twelfth census, in 1900.

MARYLAND, a Middle Atlantic State, one of the original thirteen, ratified the Constitution April 28, 1788; area, 12,210 square miles. The population, according to each decennial census, was 317,728 in 1790; 341,548 in 1800; 380.546 in 1810; 407,350 in 1820; 447,040 in 1830; 470,019 in 1840; 583,034 in 1850; 687,049 in 1860; 780,894 in 1870; 934,945 in 1880; and 1,042,390 in 1890. Capital, Annapolis.

Government.-The following were the State officers during the year: Governor, Frank Brown, Democrat; Secretary of State, Edwin Gott; Comptroller, Marion de Kalb Smith; Treasurer, Spencer C. Jones; Insurance Commissioner, Thomas J. Keating; Superintendent of Public Instruction, E. B. Prettyman; Adjutant General, Henry Kyd Douglas; AttorneyGeneral, John P. Roe; Chief Justice, J. M. Robinson; Clerk of the Supreme Court, J. Frank Ford.

Finances.-The balance in the treasury at the close of the fiscal year, Sept. 30, 1894, was $550,074.47, the receipts during the year were $2,609,244.09; total, $3,159,318.56. The amount of disbursements during the year was $2,454,750.37. This is less than the sum of disbursements during the previous fiscal year by $170,329.41, and the balance in the treasury Sept. 30, 1895, was $704,568.19.

The amount remaining to the credit of the Free School fund at the close of the fiscal year 1894 was $5,843.50. The receipts during the last fiscal year on account of the same fund were

$73,300.65. The disbursements from this fund for the same period amounted to $77,144.15, leaving a balance Sept. 30, 1895, of $2,000.

The receipts on account of the several sinking funds during the fiscal year were as follow: general fund, $24,216.70; for defence redemption loan, $346,200.17; for the exchange loan, 1889, $6,641.88; for the exchange loan, 1886, $10,115; total, $387,173.25.

The funded debt of the State at the close of the fiscal year 1895 was $8,684,986.24. The productive assets and the investments to the credit of the sinking funds aggregate $5,679,733.11. No allowance is here made for the amounts overdue from incorporated institutions, collectors of taxes and other accounting officers, aggregating $684,812.69, nor for the difference between par value and market value of the assets. If these were treated at the market value, the net debt of the State would be practically extinguished.

Taxation and Valuation.-The assessment of real and personal property for the fiscal year 1895 was $534,930,476, being greater by $5,792,393 than that of 1894.

The levy for State taxes for 1895 on real and personal property, at 174 cents on each $100, amounted to $949,501.59. From collectors was received during the fiscal year $908,411.18, an increase of $33,252.29 over the receipts of 1894.

From railroads and other corporations was received, as a tax on gross receipts during the year, $131,788.71, being $4,471.59 less than was received in 1894. From the tax on the capital stock of incorporated institutions the receipts were $77,495.30, a decrease of $8,720.58. For licenses and from tax on premiums paid to insurance companies $124,401.48 was collected, an increase of $3,398.58 over receipts from the same source during 1894. Registers of wills paid in $141,599.82, $23,875.84 more than the preceding year, and clerks of court $896,100.83.

The levy for public schools, at 10 cents on each $100, amounted to $561,677; the receipts from all sources during 1895 were $608,629.74; the balance from 1894, was $264,826.71; the total disbursements during the fiscal year 1895 were $601,088.04, leaving a balance of publicschool money applicable to school year beginning Oct. 1, 1895, of $272,368.41, on which date $102,025 was distributed to white schools and $25,000 to colored schools.

Under the provisions of the oyster act of 1894 the revenue of the oyster fund has increased, while there has been a decrease in expenditures. The receipts for 1895 were $64,994.09, being greater than the receipts for the previous year by $20,345.40. The disbursements for the same period were $61,410.42, leaving a balance for 1895 of $3,583.67. Included in these disbursements is $4,306.99 balance due on 1894 and other sums aggregating $10,457.27, so that the actual disbursement on account of maintenance of the oyster police fishery force for the fiscal year was $50,953.15, and the revenue above this amount $14,040.94.

Education. In the year ended July 31, 1895, the number of persons in the counties of Maryland between the ages of five and twenty years was 230,876; in Baltimore city, 140,016. The colored school population in the counties num

bered 62,091; in Baltimore, 20,594. For the support of the schools the counties received from the State $441,587.95, and from local taxation $537,454.67. Baltimore received from the State $214,726.14, and from local taxation $793,658.49. The total of disbursements for schools in the counties was $1,263,487.71; for Baltimore city, $1,125,759.91.

State Institutions.-Under an act of the last Legislature $75,000 was appropriated to the purchase of a site and buildings for a second hospital for the insane, and $25,000 as a maintenance fund. In September $50,000 was paid for 530 acres in Carroll County, near Sykesville, on which are the historic Patterson mansion and other buildings, now in process of preparation for patients. A resident physician was selected whose salary was fixed at $2,500.

At the Maryland Blind Asylum a new building. 82 feet long and 3 stories high, was completed this year. In this institution at the end of the fiscal year there were 23 pupils.

For its hospitals, asylums, and reformatories the State paid out, during 1895 more than a quarter of a million dollars.

Savings Banks.-An act of 1894 provides that in October, 1895, and every second year thereafter, there shall be sent to the Comptroller by the treasurer of every savings institution in the State, a sworn statement giving the name of every depositor not known to said treasurer to be living, who has not added to or decreased his deposit during the preceding twenty years, with the amount standing to his credit. Several banks in the city of Baltimore this year complied with this provision. The number of depositors in the savings banks during 1895 was 148,342, who had to their credit $45,490,279.

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.-From two acts passed at the session of 1894, making provision for payment of certain obligations against this canal, the Governor withheld his signature, with the desire to have all particulars of the indebtedness determined. Without interest, the obligations are found to amount to $176,324.65. Within the year the Board of Public Works offered for sale the State's interest in the canal, and the two bids submitted, the higher being of $526,000 with certain conditions, were rejected, and other bids were invited. As litigation affecting the State's interest had not been determined in December, the board then adopted resolutions that any bids that might thereafter be tendered to the board be returned to the bidders unopened, and advising that the property be sold at auction to the highest bidder.

Mineral Production.-The Bureau of Mines and Mining, of the Geological Survey, in its reports of 1895 states that for 1894 the coal output was 3,501,428 short tons, valued at $2,687,270; the value of the marble output was $175,000; of the limestone, $672,786; the granite was worth $308,966; and the slate, $69,138.

Industrial Statistics.-The third annual report of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics states that in the sweat shops of Baltimore during 1894 wages were reduced 50 per cent., and compensation for female labor was brought to starvation figures; while in none of the shops did the employees make more than half time. As to the value of personal estates, the following

figures are given: During the period from 1888 to 1893, inclusive, 5,914 estates were probated, the value of which was $59,055,568. Of these, 89, or 1.5 per cent., were over $100,000, and aggregated $25,836,140, or 44 per cent. of the whole value. The estates under $10,000, to the number of 5,045, aggregated $9,941,531, while the 869 estates over $10,000 aggregated $49,114,037.

Soldiers' Monument.-Congress in February appropriated $40,000 for a monument in Baltimore to Gen. William Smallwood and other

Maryland heroes of the Revolutionary War. The money is to be expended under the direction of the Maryland Society, Sons of American Revolution.

Electric Railways.-The Maryland and Columbia Electric Railway Company this year began the construction of an electric railway between Baltimore and Washington, which is said to be the American pioneer of electric trunkline railroads and the beginning of a great system that will connect New York and New Orleans. The company received its charter in 1892. The line now under construction extends from Baltimore to Washington, 37 miles. It will be laid with double tracks of 85-pound "T" rails, standard gauge. The bed will be similar to that of the Pennsylvania system, and the design is that the passenger coaches shall correspond to those now running on steam railways. The authorized capital stock is $4,000,000, and it has been bonded for $6,000,000.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has in operation a 96-ton electric locomotive, which handles its freight traffic through the belt-line tunnel at Baltimore. Other engines of the same type will soon be in service, whose duty it will be to haul every day about 100 trains, weighing from 500 to 1,200 tons, 3 miles through the tunnel.

Political. The election in November was to fill the offices of Governor, Comptroller, and Attorney-General, and members of the Legis

lature.

The Democratic State Convention met in Baltimore, July 31, and framed a platform which declared its "unabated confidence in the wisdom, patriotism, and fidelity of President Cleveland," denounced the McKinley tariff law, and said: "In its stead we have a law which, while not containing all that the advanced advocates of tariff reform hoped would be secured, gives us, nevertheless, the best tariff which the country

has had for thirty-five years, and enables us to exult in the accomplished fact that under its practical operation we have come to the full enjoyment of the blessings of restored confidence and renewed prosperity in all branches of industry, while at the same time the national Treasury will be supplied with revenues sufficient to meet all obligations of the Government and maintain unimpaired its high credit at home and abroad." The administration of Gov. Brown was commended, and the following resolution was adopted:

Regarding uniform and equal taxation as a matter of controlling and paramount obligation, we call especial attention to the necessity of reassessment, and pledging the party, through its delegates in convention assembled, to an unqualified fulfillment of this pledge, we further recommend and appeal to the Democratic voters of the State to exact of their representatives on the Democratic tickets a solemn promise to carry out the wishes of the people for a fair and equitable assessment of the entire property of the State.

John E. Hurst was nominated for Governor, Marion de Kalb Smith for Comptroller, and Charles C. Crothers for Attorney-General.

The State Convention of Prohibitionists met in Glyndon, Aug. 1. The platform declared anew for absolute suppression of the sale of liquor as a beverage; favored an income tax; declared that import duties should be levied primarily upon luxuries; desired a currency of gold, silver, and paper, all of equal value, and to be secured by the Government; declared that United States Senators should be elected by direct vote of the people, and that immigration should be restricted; favored the system of legislation known as initiative and referendum, observance of the Sunday law, restriction of child labor and working hours for women in factories, and general weekly payment of wages; laws for reassessment of the property of the State; placing public roads under State supervision: and woman suffrage. Joshua Levering was nominated for Governor; J. L. Nicodemus, for Comptroller; and W. Frank Tucker, for AttorneyGeneral.

The Republican State Convention met in Baltimore, Aug. 15. Its platform declared that a Republican victory in the State would insure to the people the prompt passage of a reassessinent law so framed that every person holding property in the State should contribute his proportion of public taxes for the support of the Government, according to his actual worth in real or personal property: urged the necessity for the adoption of an amendment of the State Constitution, effectually limiting the debt-incurring capacity of cities and counties; promised that a free and fair expression of the public will at the polls should be made possible, and control of the machinery of their election be restored to the people of the several counties; that registration should be made annual in Baltimore, and quadrennial, with annual revision, in the counties; that the supervisory powers of the courts over the action of the registers should be made effective and not illusory, and that the right to places on the official ballot should be secured to the nominees of independent citizens, as well as to those of the regular party organizations; promised to secure such amendments of