ton, erecting the St. James Hotel and other structures. In 1872 he was one of the founders of the "Boston Daily Globe," and for many years he was its chief editor. He was also sole or part proprietor of "Ballou's Pictorial," "The Flag of our Union," and the "Boston Sunday Budget." For many years he had traveled extensively. His publications include "Due West," ""Due North," "Due South," "Under the Southern Cross," "The New El Dorado," "Aztec Land," ""The Pearl of India," "The Story of Malta," "Equatorial America," "A Treasury of Thought," "Pearls of Thought," "Notable Thoughts about Women," ""Genius in Sunshine and Speech," " Edge Tools of Speech," ""Biography of the Rev. Hosea Ballou," and "Life Story of Hosea Ballou." He bequeathed to 10 institutions, payable on the death of his widow, each $2,000.

Barney, Hiram, lawyer, born in Henderson, N. Y., May 30, 1811; died in Kingsbridge, N. Y., May 18, 1895. He was graduated at Union College in 1834, began practicing law in New York city in 1840, and became associated with Benjamin F. Butler, formerly Attorney-General of the United States, in 1849. In 1830 he became active in the temperance and antislavery movements, in 1840 was an unsuccessful antislavery candidate for Congress, in 1848 was nominated for presidential elector on the Free-soil ticket, and in 1852 was similarly placed on the Free Democrat ticket (Hale and Julian). He was a delegate to the convention of the Republican party in 1856, and to the Chicago convention in 1860. President Lincoln appointed him collector of the port of New York, and when he resigned this office three years afterward he was tendered a foreign mission.

Bassett, Isaac, Government official, born in Washington, D. C., in 1819; died there Dec. 18, 1895. His father was one of the doorkeepers of the Senate chamber, and was in the habit of taking his son with him on important occasions. In 1831 the lad attracted the attention of Daniel Webster, who appointed him a page to the Senate, the second one it had had. From that year till his death he was in the continuous service of the Senate, in recent years holding the places of assistant doorkeeper and assistant to the sergeant at arms. His seat was at the left of the presiding officer, and it was his claim that he had never missed a session till he broke down during the night sessions while the repeal of the Sherman law was being considered in 1893, and that he had never missed being present at the opening of Congress in sixty-four years excepting that of the present one, which he was too feeble to attend.

Bates, Clara Doty, author, born in Ann Harbor, Mich., Dec. 22, 1838; died in Chicago, Ill., Oct. 14, 1895. She published her first book in 1868; married Morgan Bates, a publisher in Chicago, in 1869, and was the collector of the model library for children for the World's Columbian Exposition. For many years she had written for juvenile periodicals, and besides stories and poems brought out in Christmas books she had published "Blind Jakey" (1868); Esop's Fables," in verse (1873); "Heart's Content," a story of child life in Michigan; and "From Heart's Content," a volume of verses.

Battell, Robbins, philanthropist, born in Norfolk, Conn., April 9, 1819; died there Jan. 26, 1895. He was graduated at Yale College in 1839, and since the death of his father, in 1841, had been principally occupied with the management of the Battell estate. He served several terms in the Legislature, was a delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861, and was Comptroller of Connecticut in 1866. He was deeply interested in the promotion of agricultural, temperance, missionary, educational, and humanitarian works. It is estimated that the gifts of himself and family to Yale College aggregated $300,000. Other gifts were a gymnasium, library, and memorial chapel to the town of Norfolk, $10,000 to the Long Island Historical Society, and chimes of bells to Yale and other colleges. He made a large collection of paintings by artists of the United States.

Battey, Robert, physician, born in Augusta, Ga.. Nov. 26, 1828; died in Rome, Ga., Nov. 8, 1895. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1856 and at the Jefferson Medical College in 1857, and spent his professional life in Rome, Ga. During the civil war he served as surgeon in the Confederate army, both on the field and in the hospital. He was Professor of Obstetrics in Atlanta Medical College in 1873-75, edited the "Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal" in 1873-76, and was President of the Georgia Medical Association in 1876. Dr. Battey was most widely known as the originator of an operation now bearing his name for removal of the ovaries.

Baxter, Mary Elizabeth Roberts, philanthropist, born in Manchester, Vt., in June, 1828; died in Rutland, Vt., Nov. 9, 1895. She married Gen. Horace H. Baxter in 1851, and after 1854 passed her winters in New York city and her summers in Rutland, where her husband had large interests. For many years she was active in church and benevolent work. She presented to the city of Rutland a library at a cost of more than $100,000, made large annual gifts to Bishops Graves, of Colorado, Talbott, of Wyoming and Idaho, Brewer, of Montana, and Johnson, of Texas, and promoted in other ways church work.

Beecher, Edward, clergyman, born in East Hampton, Long Island, Aug. 27, 1803; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 28, 1895. He was a son of the Rev. Lyman Beecher and an elder brother of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, and was graduated at Yale College in 1822. After graduation he taught in the Hartford, Conn., High School for over a year, then studied theology at Andover and New Haven; was appointed a tutor in Yale in 1825, and was ordained pastor of the Park Street Congregational Church, Boston, in the following year. He remained in this charge till 1830, when he was elected President of Illinois College, where he served for fourteen years. Returning to Boston, he was pastor of the Salem Street Church from 1844 till 1856, and also senior editor of the "Congregationalist" in 1849-'53. In 1856 he accepted a pastorate at Galesburg, Ill., which he held till 1871, and since then had resided in Brooklyn, N. Y., without pastoral charge, but active in various religious works, excepting the period 1885-'89, when he was pastor of the Parkville Congregational Church. During his residence in Illinois he was for several years Professor Extraordinary of the Christian Organization of Society in the Congregational Theological Seminary, Chicago. His effective work in the antislavery cause began while he was President of Illinois College, and was incited by his indignation at the assault on the freedom of the press in the case of Elijah P. Lovejoy at Alton in 1837. He aided in founding the Illinois State Antislavery Society, and prepared its declaration of principles and constitution. He then drew up a vigorous address to the public on the situation of affairs. In November he assisted in secreting a second printing press in the store of Godfrey & Gilman, where E. P. Lovejoy was killed in defending it on the 6th. When eighty-six years old he underwent an amputation of a leg, rendered necessary by a railroad accident, and surprised his acquaintances by his speedy recovery. He ascribed his remarkable vitality to his regular practice of physical culture from early youth. From 1824 till within a short time of his death he was a prolific writer, and besides editorials, reviews, and contributions on a great variety of subjects, he published in book form "Address on the Kingdom of God" (Boston, 1827); "Six Sermons on the Nature, Importance, and Means of Eminent Holiness throughout the Church" (New York, 1835); "Statement of Antislavery Principles and Address to the People of Illinois" (1837); "History of the Alton Riots" (Cincinnati, 1838); "Baptism: Its Import and Modes" (New York, 1850); "The Conflict of Ages" (Boston, 1853); "The Concord of Ages" (New York, 1853); "The Papal Conspiracy" (Boston, 1855); and "History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution" (New York, 1878). His widow died Nov. 14, aged eighty-nine.

Bentley, Henry H, electrician, born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1834; died near Rhinebeck, N. Y., Sept. 7, 1895. He removed to New York city in 1854, became a writer on the "Tribune," subsequently organized the New York City and Suburban Printing Telegraph Company, and on its failure leased the plant and operated it successfully. He laid the first working cable under the East river to Brooklyn, and established a message-delivery service and a mail service between Madison Square and the general post office long before there were any branch post offices in the city. His health failing, he sold out his New York interests and removed to Philadelphia. He became editorially connected with the "Philadelphia Inquirer," and was one of its field correspondents during the civil war. After the war he applied himself to telegraphy: built local private lines: organized and became President of the Philadelphia Local Telegraph Company; and was made President of the Gold and Stock Reporting Telegraph Company and of the Bell Telephone Company, of Philadelphia.

Bingham, George Aro, jurist, born in Concord, Vt., April 25, 1826; died in Littleton, N. H., Jan. 22, 1895. He was educated in his native State; was admitted to the bar in 1848; practiced in Lyndon, Vt., till 1852, and then removed to Littleton; and was a justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire in 1876-'80 and 1884-'91. Judge Bingham was a Democrat in politics: served two terms each in the State Senate and the Lower House; was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1860; and was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in 1880.

Blake, Amos Shepard, manufacturer, born in Brookfield, Vt., Jan. 18, 1812; died in Waterbury, Conn., Feb. 18, 1895. He learned and practiced dentistry; was a mining superintendent in the Lake Superior region in 1852-55; and at the beginning of the civil war engaged in manufacturing. In the winter of 1830-31 he constructed the first locomotive ever seen in New England, designed to illustrate the practicability of travel by railroad, and large enough to carry two persons at a time around a hall on a circular track. This engine was exhibited throughout the Northern States by Asa Harrington. Dr. Blake procured 19 patents, and in 1865 organized the firm of Blake, Lamb & Co. to manufacture under them. During the civil war he superintended the manufacture of percussion caps for the National Government. He was for three terms a member of the Legislature of Connecticut.

Boise, James Robinson, educator, born in Blandford, Mass., Jan. 27, 1815; died in Chicago, Ill., Feb. 9, 1895. In youth he removed to Hartford, Conn., to learn the tailor's trade; was there converted and licensed to preach by the First Baptist Church; was graduated at Brown University in 1840; and was immediately appointed a tutor of ancient languages there. In 1850 he went abroad to study; in 1862 became Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in the University of Michigan; in 1868 took the same chair in the University of Chicago; and in 1877 was appointed Professor of New Testament Interpretation in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary. On the establishment of the new University of Chicago he was made Professor Emeritus of New Testament Greek. He edited several classical text-books for schools and colleges, and published "Notes" on the epistles to the Galatians, Romans, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, and Philippians.

Bowers, Elizabeth Crooker, actress, born in Stamford, Conn., March 12, 1830; died in Washington, D. C., Nov. 6, 1895. She was a daughter of a Protestant Episcopal clergyman, who died in her youth, and a sister of Sarah Crocker, who married Frederick P. Conway, the actor. She made her first appearance on the stage as Amanthis at the Park Theater, New York, in 1846; married David P. Bowers, the actor, in the following year; and appeared as Donna Victoria in "A Bold Stroke for a Husband" at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, a week after her

marriage. At the close of this engagement she made one for the Arch Street Theater, which was continued till her husband's death, in 1857. After a brief retirement she managed the Walnut Street Theater for two years and the Philadelphia Academy of Music for a shorter period; married Dr. Brown, of Baltimore; and in 1861 made a professional trip to England. Her performance as Julia in "The Hunchback" at Sadler's Wells Theater, London, won high praise. She also played an engagement there at the Lyceum Theater, largely increasing her popularity as Geraldine d'Arcy in "Woman." In 1863 she returned to the United States; played an engagement at the Winter Garden, New York; married, on the death of her second husband, J. C. McCollom, her leading man; repeated with him many of her old and favorite characters; and retired for several years. She organized a new dramatic company in 1888. Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth, author, born in Fredericksvaern, Norway, Sept. 23, 1848; died in New York city, Oct. 4, 1895. He was graduated at the University of Christiania in 1868; came to the United States in April, 1869: and, after making a tour of New England, went to Chicago and became associate editor of the "Fremad." While in this place he strongly opposed the hostility of the Norwegian clergy to the system of public-school education in the United States. Chiefly for the purpose of perfecting himself in the English language, he accepted the chair of Latin and Greek in Urbana University, and while so engaged began his first novel, "Gunnar." Before completing it he spent a year in philological study at Leipzig; in 1874 was appointed Professor of German at Cornell University, where he remained till 1880, when he was called to the chair of Germanic Languages and Literature in Columbia College. He occupied this chair at the time of his sudden death. In view of his eminent services as an educator, the faculty have made his three sons wards of the college. His publications include: "Gunnar " (New York, 1874); "A Norseman's Pilgrimage" (1875); "Tales from Two Hemispheres (Boston, 1876): "Falconberg" (1878); "Goethe and Schiller" (1878); "Ilka on the Hilltop" (1881); "Queen Titania" (1882); "A Daughter of the Philistines" (Boston, 1883); "The Story of Norway" (1886); "The Modern Vikings" (1888); "The Light of her Countenance (1889): "Vagabond Tales" (1890); "The Mammon of Unrighteousness" (1891); "Boyhood in Norway" (1892); "A Commentary on the Writings of Henrik Ibsen " (1894); "Literary and Social Silhouettes " (1894); "The Norseland Series (1894); and "Essays on Scandinavian Literature" (1895). Brayman, Mason, lawyer, born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 23, 1813; died in Kansas City, Mo., Feb. 27, 1895. He was brought up on a farm; was apprenticed to the printing business; became editor of the Buffalo "Bulletin " in 1834; and was admitted to the bar two years afterward. Removing to Monroe, Mich., he served a term there as city attorney. In 1841 he became editor of the Louisville "Advertiser "; in 1842 settled in Springfield, Ill.; and in 1843 was appointed a special commissioner to adjust the Mormon difficulties at Nauvoo. He was the special attorney in charge of the prosecution of offenses arising from the difficulties, and conducted the negotiations that led to the withdrawal of the Mormons from Illinois. During 1844-45 he was employed in revising the "Statutes" of Illinois by appointment of the Governor and Legislature. From 1851 till 1861 he was interested in railroad construction and management, part of the time as attorney of the Illinois Central Company. In 1861 he entered the national army as major of the 29th Illinois Volunteers, of which he became colonel in the following year. Subsequently he was detailed as chief of staff and assistant adjutant general to Gen. McClernand; took part in the battles of Belmont, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh; and was promoted brigadier general of volunteers for bravery in action, Sept. 24, 1862. Gen. Van Dorn on Bolivar, Tenn.; reorganized 60 He repelled the attack by

regiments at Camp Denison, Ohio; was in command at Natchez in 1864-'65; presided over the court of inquiry that investigated the conduct of Gen. Sturgis and over a commission at New Orleans to examine Southern claims; and was brevetted major general of volunteers in 1865. After the war he resumed railroad work, edited the "Illinois State Journal" in 1872-73, and removed to Wisconsin in the latter year. During 1877-78 and 1880 he was Governor of Idaho Territory. Since then he had practiced law at Ripon, Wis., till he retired to private life in Kansas City. Brigham Lincoln F., jurist, born in Cambridgeport, Mass., Oct. 4, 1819; died in Salem, Mass., Feb. 27, 1895. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1842 and at Harvard Law School in 1844; was admitted to the bar in 1845; and was district attorney for the Southern District of Massachusetts in 1853-59. On the organization of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, in 1859, he was appointed an associate justice. In 1869 he became Chief Justice, and he held the office till 1891.

Broadus, John Albert, theologian, born in Culpeper County, Va., Jan. 24, 1827; died in Louisville, Ky., March 16, 1895. He was graduated at the University of Virginia in 1850; was Assistant Professor of Latin and Greek there in 1851-'53 and chaplain in 1855257; and was pastor of the Baptist Church at Charlottesville in 1851-55 and 1857-'59. In the latter year he became Professor of New Testament Interpretation and Homiletics in the newly organized Southern Baptist Theological Seminary at Greenville, S. C., subsequently removed to Louisville, Ky., and remained with the institution till his death, being its president for several years. He was a frequent contributor to periodicals; was a member of the International Sunday-school-lesson Committee; and published a review of the American Bible Union's revised version of the New Testament (1866-'68); แ Preparation and Delivery of Sermons" (Philadelphia, 1870); "Lectures on the History of Preaching" (New York, 1876); "Three Questions as to the Bible" (1884); "Commentary on Matthew" and "Sermons and Addresses" (1886). Brooks, Arthur, clergyman, born in Boston, Mass., in June, 1845; died at sea July 10, 1895. He was one of five sons of William G. Brooks, four of whom became Protestant Episcopal clergymen, and one, Phillips, a bishop. He studied at the Boston Latin School; was graduated at Harvard in 1867; studied theology at Andover and Philadelphia; and was ordained in 1870. In 1870-'72 he held a charge in Williamsport, Pa.; in 1872-75 was rector of St. James's Church, Chicago; and since 1875 had been rector of the Church of the Incarnation, New York city. Dr. Brooks had traveled extensively, published a volume of sermons entitled "The Life of Christ in the World," and was the author of the article on Phillips Brooks in the "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1893. He was active in many charitable movements, and was a trustee of Columbia and Barnard Colleges.

Brown, Charlotte Emerson, educator, born in Andover, Mass., in April, 1838; died in East Orange, N. J., Feb. 5, 1895. She was a daughter of Prof. Ralph Emerson, of Andover Theological Seminary, and wife of the Rev. William B. Brown, D. D., a Congregational ninister. She was graduated at Abbott Female Seminary, Andover; studied modern languages and music in Europe; and on returning settled in Rockford, Ill., where she taught languages in the seminary, and organized a conservatory of music and two clubs, one for the study of French, the other for music. In 1880 she married Dr. Brown, and soon afterward she spent with him three years in foreign travel and study. On their return they made their home in East Orange. Mrs. Brown was elected President of the Woman's Club of Orange, in 1888, and on the organization of the General Federation of Woman's Clubs in 1890, became president of that body. After several re-elections she declined another, and was appointed chairman of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence. She also organized the Fortnightly Club of East

Orange, and was active in the work of the Women's Missionary Society of the Congregational Church. Bryon, James M., bacteriologist, born in Lima, Peru, July 24, 1861; died in New York city, May 8, 1895. He received a collegiate education in his native city; was graduated in medicine in Naples, Italy, in 1887; spent three years in studying bacteriology in Paris; and, removing to New York city, became an assistant in the Loomis Laboratory. During the cholera excitement of 1891-292, he was physician and bacteriologist on Swinburne Island, New York Bay, and an assistant to Dr. Jenkins, the health officer of the port. He continued to hold his office at the quarantine station after all danger of the spread of cholera had passed, and spent much of his time in laboratory work. He was an accomplished microscopist, and was employed by many physicians to make examinations for them. While examining the sputum of a person believed to have incipient consumption, he inhaled some bacteria of tuberculosis without being aware of the fact at the time. Hasty tubercular consumption speedily developed, and he died after several severe hæmorrhages. Bull, Ephraim, W., viticulturist, born in Boston, Mass., March 4, 1806; died in Concord, Mass, Sept. 26, 1895. He learned the gold beater's trade, and carried it on successfully till 1887; and then, because of failing health, removed to Concord and engaged in the cultivation of the grape. At that time the Isabella and Catawba grapes were well established and popular, but they were not sufficiently hardy for the climate of New England; hence Mr. Bull attempted to produce a grape equal to them in flavor and hardier. He began by sowing the seeds of a wild grape (P. labrusca), from which he raised seedlings. He then sowed the seeds from these, and obtained others, among them the famous Concord. About 2,000 seedlings were raised before he obtained a grape that surpassed the Concord. In the fourth generation he secured seedlings believed to be superior to the Concord, and nearly equal to the European grape (V. vinifera). The wild parent of the Concord was accidentally discovered by him growing along a hedgerow, and he transferred it to his vineyard, where it is still thrifty. The Concord grape was first exhibited by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1853, and professional grape growers made all the money out of the discovery. Mr. Bull was elected by the American party to the State House of Representatives in 1855, and to the State Senate in 1856, and served on the State Board of Agriculture for twelve years. He lived alone on his vineyard till 1894.

Burnett, Peter Hardeman, jurist, born in Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 15, 1807; died in San Francisco, Cal., May 16, 1895. For some years, prior to 1843 he was engaged in trading and the practice of law in Tennessee and Missouri. In that year he made the overland journey to the Oregon Territory, meeting Lieut. John C. Frémont, then on an exploring expedition, at Fort Vancouver. He took an active part in the organization of the Territorial Government; was a member of the Legislature in 1844 and 1848, and for a short time was a judge of the Supreme Court, resigning to go to California at the outbreak of the gold excitement. For a while he engaged in mining; then became agent for the Sutter family and estate at New Helvetia. In 1849 he became conspicuous by his advocacy of a State government, urging such an organization without awaiting congressional authority, and opposing the United States military government of the Territory. Under the new Constitution he was elected Governor, but in the year following the admission he resigned, and engaged in law practice. In 1857-58 he was a judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1863-'80 was President of the Pacific Bank of San Francisco. He published "The Path which led a Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church" (New York, 1860); "The American Theory of Government, considered with Reference to the Present Crisis" (1861); "Recollections of an Old Pioneer" (1878); and "Reasons why we should believe in God, love God, and Obey God" (1884).

Calkins, Norman A, educator, born in Gainesville, N. Y., Sept. 9, 1822; died in New York city, Dec. 22, 1895. He began teaching when eighteen years old, and became principal of the central school in his native town. In 1845 and 1846 he was elected Superintendent of the Gainesville Public Schools, and in the last year removed to New York city and became editor of "The Student and Schoolmate" and engaged in conducting teachers' institutes. He was elected Assistant Superintendent of the Public Schools of New York city in 1862, and held the office by re-elections till his death. From 1864 till 1871, he was instructor in the methods and principles of education in the Saturday Normal School, and from 1871 till 1883 was Professor of the Method and Principles of Teaching in the Normal School of the City of New York. His numerous publications include "Primary Object Lessons " (New York, 1661); "Phonic Charts" (1869); "How to Teach," in conjunction with Henry Kiddle and Thomas F. Harrison (Cincinnati, 1873); "Manual of Object Teaching" (New York, 1881); and "From Blackboard to Books" (1883).

Campbell, James H., lawyer, born in Williamsport, Pa., Feb. 8, 1820; died in Wayne, Pa., April 12, 1895. He was graduated at the Carlisle Law School and admitted to the bar in 1841; was a delegate to the Whig convention in Baltimore in 1844; and was a Republican Representative in Congress in 1855-'57, 1859-'63, serving on the Committees on Elections and on the Pacific Railroad, being chairman of the last. In May, 1864, President Lincoln appointed him United States minister resident to Sweden, where he served till November, 1866.

Cantor, Rachel, actress, born in England, Sept. 10, 1810; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 4, 1895. She came to the United States in 1838, and made her first appearance here the same year at the Chatham Street Theater, New York, in support of the elder Wallack. Subsequently, she played for many years in support of Edwin Forrest, Edwin Booth, and other actors of distinction, and made her last appearance at the Howard Athenæum, Boston, in June, 1882.

Carr, Joseph Bradford, military officer, born in Albany, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1828; died in Troy, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1895. He received a common-school education, became a cigar manufacturer, entered the militia as a private in 1849, and was commissioned colonel of the 24th Regiment, July 10, 1859. At the beginning of the civil war he volunteered, and on May 10, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 2d New York Infantry; eight days afterward he left for the front; and on the 24th he established camp at Fort Monroe, his regiment being the first to encamp on Virginia soil. He took part in the battle of Big Bethel; was assigned to duty under Gen. Hooker in Gen. McClellan's peninsula campaign; commanded the Jersey brigade in the engagements at the Orchards, Glendale, and Malvern Hill; and was promoted brigadier general of volunteers, Sept. 7, 1862, for gallantry at Malvern Hill. At Bristow Station, Manassas, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville he rendered services that elicited high commendation in official reports, and at Gettysburg a horse was killed under him, and he was injured by its fall, but refused to leave the field. In May, 1863, he acted as a division commander, and in October was given command of the 3d division of the 4th Corps, at the head of which he fought at Brandy Station, Locust Grove, and Mine Run. After the latter action he was transferred to the command of the 4th division of Hancock's (2d) Corps. Subsequently he served under Gen. Butler on the outer line of defense of the peninsula, as division commander in the 1st Corps, and as commander of the defenses of James river. He was brevetted major general of volunteers, June 1, 1665, for meritorious services during the war. After the war he engaged in manufacturing in Troy, N. Y. He was appointed major general of the 3d Division, National Guards State of New York, in January, 1867, and rendered efficient aid to the State during the railroad riots of 1877. He was elected Secretary of State of New

York in 1879, 1881, and 1883, in the latter year being the only Republican on the State ticket who was elected. His last appearance in politics was in 1885, when he was defeated for Lieutenant Governor, with the rest of the Republican ticket.

Cheney, Benjamin Pierce, expressman, born in Hillsboro, N. H., Aug. 12, 1815; died in Wellesley, Mass., June 23, 1895. He received a common-school education; worked for some time in his father's blacksmith shop; became a stage driver on the route between Keene and Nashua; and subsequently was made Boston agent of the stage company. In 1842, in connection with Nathaniel White and William Walker, he established the Cheney & Co. express, to operate between Boston and Montreal. This was about contemporary with Ilarnden's and Adams's beginnings in the same line. The original Cheney express ran over the Boston and Lowell Railroad as far as it was then built (Concord, N. H.), thence by four-horse team to Montpelier, Vt., then by stage to Burlington, and finally by boat to Montreal. The immediate success of this line soon led to the establishment of a competing one, which ran over the Fitchburg Railroad to Burlington. In 1852 Mr. Cheney bought out his competitor, and afterward, by securing control of other lines, he formed the United States and Canada Express Company, which covered the northern New England States with many branches. Of this consolidated corporation, he was proprietor and president till 1881, when it became a part of the Adams Express Company, of which Mr. Cheney was treasurer and the largest stockholder. He invested much of the fortune made in the express business in railroad enterprises, and left an estate estimated at $9,000,000. He bequeathed $10,000 each to the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; $5,000 each to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Kindergarten for the Blind, and the Bunker Hill Monument Association; $2,500 to the Children's Hospital, Boston; $1,000 to the Society for the Relief of Destitute Clergyman; and $2,000 each to 18 Boston local charities-in all, $74,500. In life he had presented the State with the bronze statue of Daniel Webster, at Concord, N. H.

Chittenden, Henry Abel, merchant, born in Guilford, Conn., April 29, 1816; died in Montclair, N. J., May 23, 1895. He began his business career in New Haven, subsequently removed to Hartford, and afterward became associated with his brother, the late Simeon B. Chittenden, in the wholesale dry-goods business in New York city. In early life he adopted the religious views of William Miller, and was an active apostle of the second advent. He was expelled from Dr. Bushnell's Congregational church in Hartford in 1845 because of his religious expressions, on which he published "A Reply to the Charge of Heresy." The antislavery movement enlisted his hearty co-operation, and he was conspicuous among its leaders. One of his acts in the cause was the individual maintenance in Washington, D. C., for six years of a Congregational church dedicated to the "cause of free speech on the slavery question."

Clendenin, David Ramsey, military officer, born in Lancaster County, Pa., June 24, 1830; died in Oneida, Ill., March 5, 1895. He was graduated at Knox College; was commissioned major of the 8th Illinois Cavalry; served through the civil war with this regiment, most of the time as lieutenant colonel commanding; was commissioned major, Sth United States Cavalry, in January, 1867; lieutenant colonel, 3d Cavalry, in November, 1882; and colonel, 2d Cavalry, Oct. 29, 1888; and was retired on account of disabilities April 20, 1891. Col. Clendenin took part in the principal engagements of the Army of the Potomac, and was brevetted brigadier general.

Cogswell, Parsons Brainard, journalist, born in Henniker, N. H., Jan. 22, 1828; died in Concord, N. H., Oct. 28, 1895. He became a resident of Concord in 1847, and learned the printing business in the offices of "The Independent Democrat" and "The New Hampshire Patriot" (1847-252). On May 23, 1864, in

company with an associate, he established the "Daily Monitor," the first permanent daily paper published in Concord, with which he was connected as editor or proprietor until his death. He became a member of the Board of Education in 1859, and continued on the board for thirty-six unbroken years, serving as its president several years and for eighteen years as its financial agent. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1872 and 1873, public printer from 1881 to 1885, and several years auditor of public printer's accounts. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the State Library, and was Mayor of Concord two years. He was a member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and four years its president; also a member and officer of the New Hampshire Press Association, a member of the Appalachian Club, and four years President of the Concord Commercial Club. He was United States Immigrant Inspector under President Harrison's administration. Mr. Cogswell spent a year in Europe (1878-79), and wrote for the "Monitor" a series of letters, which were subsequently published in book forin under the title of "Glints from over the Water." He received the degree of M. A. from Dartmouth College in 1885. Cogswell, William, lawyer, born in Bradford, Mass., Aug. 23, 1838; died in Washington, D. C., May 22, 1895. He took a partial course at Dartmouth College, made a voyage around the world as a sailor, and was graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1860. ln 1861 he raised one of the first companies of volunteers that went to the front from Massachusetts, was appointed its captain, subsequently was commissioned colonel of the 2d Massachusetts Infantry, and in 1864 was brevetted brigadier general at signed to the command of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 20th Corps, with which he accompanied Gen. Sherman on his march to the sea. After the war he resumed law practice in Salem, where he was elected mayor five times, a member of the State House of Representatives five times, and a State Senator twice. From 1887 to 1895 he was Republican Congressman from the 6th Massachusetts District.

Coit, Henry Augustus, educator, born in Wilmington, Del., Jan. 20, 1830; died in Concord, N. H., Feb. 5, 1895. He was educated at St. Paul's School, College Point, Long Island; took a partial course at the University of Pennsylvania; entered the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and engaged in missionary work in Clinton County, New York. On

the establishment of Saint Paul's Schoolin Concord, N. H., he was chosen its rector, assuming charge in April, 1856, with a class of half a dozen boys. Despite tempting offers of service elsewhere, he remained at this school till his death, making it one of the noted institutions of the country and bringing its student membership up to 300. In 1867 he was elected President of Trinity College, Hartford, and in 1871 President of Hobart College, Geneva, but he declined both places. He visited England in 1868, and made a study of its public-school system. Dr. Coit received the degree of D. D. from Trinity College in 1868 and that of LL. D. from Yale College.

Conroy, John Joseph, clergyman, born in Cloneslee, County Queens, Ireland, in 1819; died in New York

city, Nov. 20, 1895. He came to the United States when twelve years old; received his early education in New York city; studied the classics under the Sulpicians in Montreal; took the higher and the theological courses at Emmettsburg, Md., and Fordham, N. Y.; and was ordained a priest June 4, 1842. In 1843 he was made vice-president of St. John's College, Fordham, and soon afterward president; and from 1844 till 1865 he was pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Albany, N. Y., during a part of which period he was vicar-general and administrator of the diocese. On the elevation of Dr. McCloskey to the see of New York, Dr. Conroy was appointed Bishop of Albany, and was consecrated Oct. 15, 1865. While rector of St. Joseph's Church he rebuilt the edifice, founded St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, and introduced the Sisters of Charity; and during his administration of the diocese he established St. Peter's Hospital, St. Agnes's Rural Cemetery, and an industrial school, and introduced the Little Sisters of the Poor. He attended the first two Plenary Councils of Baltimorethe first as theologian and the second as bishop; visited Rome at the centenary of St. Peter; took part in the sessions of the Council of the Vatican; and in August, 1869, presided over a diocesan synod. In 1872 he was given a coadjutor; in January, 1874, he was compelled by infirmities to relinquish the administration of his office; and on Oct. 16, 1877, he resigned the see and removed to New York city. After his retirement the Pope appointed him Bishop of Curium, in partibus, and he was able to attend the Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1884.

Cooke, Philip St. George, military officer, born near Leesburg, Va., June 13, 1809; died in Detroit, Mich., March 20, 1895. He was a brother of John Rogers Cooke, and father of the late Gen. John R. Cooke (see obituary in "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1891) and of Mrs. J. E. B. Stuart. He was graduated at West Point and commissioned a brevet 2d lieutenant of infantry, in 1827; was promoted 2d lieutenant, 6th Infantry, the same day; 1st lieutenant, 1st Dragoons, March 4, 1833; captain, May 31, 1835; major, 2d Dragoons, Feb. 16, 1847; lieutenant colonel, July 15, 1853; colonel, June 14, 1858; and brigadier general, Nov. 12, 1861 and was retired with the rank of brevet major general Oct. 19, 1873. His carly military service was on frontier duty and in the Black Hawk War. In 1843 he commanded the escort of a party of Santa Fé traders to Arkansas river and captured a Texan military expedition. During the Mexican War he commanded a battalion in California in 1846-47, and a regiment in Mexico city in 1848. Subsequently he served on several Indian expeditions, and in the action at Blue Water, Sept. 3, 1855, he commanded the cavalry. He was at the head of military affairs in Kansas during the troubles of 1856-'57, and of the cavalry in the Utah expedition of 1857-'58. At the beginning of the civil war he made a public declaration of allegiance to the Union, deeming it his duty to support the Federal Government in preference to that of his native State. This act caused an estrangement between him and his son and daughter, which lasted till within a short time of the son's death. During the peninsula campaign he commanded all the regular cavalry in the Army of the Potomac, and distinguished himself at the siege of Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg, Gaines's Mills, and Glendale. He was on courtmartial duty in 1862-63; was commandant of the Baton Rouge district in 1863-64; general superintendent of the recruiting service in 1864-'66; and commandant of the Department of the Platte in 1866-'67, of the Cumberland in 1869-70, and of the Lakes in 1870-'73. He was author of a system of cavalry tactics (1861; revised edition, 1883); "Scenes and Adventures in the Army" (Philadelphia, 1856); and "The Conquest of New Mexico and California" (1878).

Copeland, Charles W., engineer, born in Coventry, Conn., in 1815; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 5, 1895. He was a son of Daniel Copeland, a noted builder of steam engines and boilers, under whose direction Charles was given a thorough training in the profes