Porcher, Francis Peyre, physician, born in St. John's, Berkeley, S. C., Dec. 14, 1825; died in Charleston, S. C., Nov. 19, 1895. He was graduated at South Carolina College in 1844, and at the State Medical College in 1847; established himself in Charleston, and remained there till his death. During the civil war he was in charge of Confederate hospitals at Norfolk and Petersburg, Va. He was President of the South Carolina Medical Association in 1872; was one of the editors of the "Charleston Medical Journal and Review," having charge of the volumes published in 1850-55 and in 1873-76. For many years he had devoted his leisure to the study of botany, and had written much upon that and medical subjects. He was author of A Medico-Botanical Catalogue of the Plants and Ferns of St. John's, Berkeley, South Carolina" (Charleston, 1847); "A Sketch of the Medical Botany of South Carolina" (Philadelphia, 1849); "The Medicinal, Poisonous, and Dietetic Properties of the Cryptogamic Plants of the United States" (New York, 1854); "Illustrations of Disease with the Microscope and Clinical Investigations aided by the Microscope and by Chemical Reagents" (Charleston, 1861); and "Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests" (Richmond, 1863; revised edition, Charleston, 1869). For many years prior to his death he was Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the State Medical College of South Carolina. Post, Philip Sidney, lawyer, born in Florida, Orange County, N. Y., March 19, 1833; died in Washington, D. C., Jan. 6, 1895. He was graduated at Union College in 1855, studied at the Poughkeepsie Law School, was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1856, and settled in Galesburg. In 1861 he entered the National army as 2d lieutenant, 59th Illinois Infantry; was promoted for gallant services to the rank of brevet brigadier general; and at the close of the war was in command of the district of western Texas. He was appointed consul at Vienna in 1866, was consul-general for Austria-Hungary in 1874-79, and was elected to Congress from the 10th Illinois District in 1886-'88 and 1894 as a Republican.

Prescott, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer, born in Epping, N. H., Feb. 26, 1833; died there Feb. 22, 1895. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1856, taught in Epping, then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. In 1861 he became editorially connected with the "Independent Democrat." Afterward he served for three years as a special agent of the United States Treasury Department, being removed during President Johnson's administration. In 1872, 1873, 1875, and 1876 he was elected Secretary of State, and in 1877 and 1878 was elected Governor of New Hampshire as a Republican.

Raymond, Charles Atwater, clergyman, born in New Haven, Conn., in 1822; died in West View, Va., March 5, 1895. In 1843 he was called to the pastorate of the Baptist Church at Rondout, N. Y., and in the following year went to the First Baptist Church at Newburg, where he also became principal of the female seminary. He removed to New Orleans on a call to a pastorate in 1847, and subsequently was principal of the Fuller Institute and of Edgefield Collegiate Institute, South Carolina. In the early part of the civil war he became a refugee and returned to Newburg, and during 1863-71 he was Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Eastern District of Virginia, and he also became Governor of the National Soldiers' Home at Hampton, Va.

Redfield, John H., botanist, born in Middletown, Conn., in 1815; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 27, 1895. He entered a manufactory of car wheels in Philadelphia, becoming in time a partner. About 1885 he retired from active business, applied himself to scientific pursuits, and from that time till his death spent the greater part of his time in the rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He was elected conservator of the botanical section, and undertook the work of classifying and cataloguing the specimens of the herbarium. He had completed the whole group of North American plants. He also rendered the

Remey, William R., naval officer, born in Iowa; died in Somerville, Mass., Jan. 21, 1895. He entered the marine corps of the United States navy as 2d lieutenant, Sept. 5, 1861; was promoted 1st lieutenant, Feb. 17, 1864; captain, June 21, 1872: and colonel, June 12, 1884; and was retired, June 4, 1892, on his own application. In 1862 and a part of 1863 he was attached to the frigate "Sabine"; in 1864 was on duty at the marine barracks at Gosport, Va.; in 1865 was attached to the receiving ship "North Carolina." He served on the Vanderbilt" of the Pacific squadron in 1865-67; on the receiving ship New Hampshire" in 1868; at the marine barracks in Philadelphia in 1868-69; and was on special duty in Washington, D. C., in 1869-70. During 1871-72 he served at the headquarters of the Marine Corps in Washington, D. C.; 1873-74 was on the frigate "Colorado" of the North Atlantic squadron; and then returned to marine headquarters. As fleet marine officer he served on the South Pacific station in 1875-76 and on the South Atlantic station in 187677. In 1878-'80 he was acting judge-advocate general of the navy, and from 1880 till his retirement held the office of judge-advocate general.

Renwick, Henry Brevoort, civil engineer, born in New York city, Sept. 4, 1817; died there Jan. 27, 1895. He was a son of James Renwick, physicist, and a brother of James Renwick (see below). He was graduated at Columbia College in 1836; spent some time in commercial business; studied civil and mechanical engineering; entered the service of the United States Government as an assistant engineer; and was first assistant astronomer of the United States

Boundary Commission in 1840-42. In 1848 he entered the Patent Office as an examiner, and in 1853 was appointed the first United States inspector of steam vessels at the port of New York. While on engineering service for the Government, he was engaged in important works, including the breakwaters at Sandy Hook and Egg Harbor, and the survey that settled the boundary line between Maine and New Brunswick. He was probably best known as an expert in patent cases. Among the most notable cases in which he testified were the suits growing out of the invention of sewing machines, the McCormick reaper, and the Bell telephone.

Renwick. James, architect, born in New York city, Nov. 3, 1818; died there June 23, 1895. He was graduated at Columbia College in 1836, inherited a fondness for architecture from his father, and first engaged in civil engineering. He superintended the construction or the distributing reservoir on Fifth avenue and was an assistant engineer on the Croton aqueduct. When the vestry of Grace Church purchased the property on Broadway near Tenth street. his plans for the new building were accepted: he was placed in charge of the work, and completed the building, with the exception of the permanent spire (the first one being of wood), in 1845. He was afterward selected as architect of Calvary Church and of the Church of the Puritans, and before these were finished, on the invitation of the regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., he prepared plans for their new building, which were adopted. He was also architect of the Corcoran Art Gallery in the same city. In 1853 he was invited by Archbishop Hughes to prepare plans for a cathedral to be built on Fifth avenue, and his plans were accepted. The corner stone of the cathedral was laid Aug. 15, 1858: the building was dedicated May 25, 1879; and the erection of the two towers was begun in 1887. Mr. Renwick also was the architect of the group of buildings of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie; of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.; of Booth's Theater, at Sixth avenue and Twenty-third Street; the Young Men's Christian Association building; the new front of the New York Stock Exchange several of the public buildings on Blackwell's and Randall's islands:

and of the restoration of the old Spanish cathedral at St. Augustine, Fla. He had also planned business and residential structures. Mr. Renwick, who was deeply interested in art in all its forms, had for several years devoted his leisure to making a collection of notable paintings by old masters, and he bequeathed to the Metropolitan Museum of Art a collection of 74 paintings, supposed to be worth $500,000. In December following his death the trustees of the museum declined the gift, giving no reasons, but a belief gained currency that Mr. Renwick had been imposed upon in the purchase of the paintings.

Rice, Alexander Hamilton, merchant, born in Newton, Mass., Aug. 30, 1818; died in Melrose, Mass., July 22, 1895. His father carried on an extensive paper manufactory, in which the son passed a regular apprenticeship, subsequently receiving a collegiate education. He then entered a paper house in Boston, of which in time he became the senior member, the name being changed to Rice, Kendall & Co. After serving as a member and president of the Council, he was elected Mayor of Boston in 1855 and 1857 on a citizens' ticket, and under his administration the Back Bay improvements were begun and the City Hospital founded. He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1858, and served 4 consecutive terms. From 1869 till 1873 he was President of the Board of Trade of Boston, and in 1876, 1877, and 1878 he was elected Governor of Massachusetts. In 1877 he aroused much unfavorable criticism by vetoing a local-option license bill, but he was re-elected the same year.

Ridgway, Henry Bascom, educator, born in Talbot County, Maryland, Sept. 7, 1830; died in Evanston, Ill., March 30, 1895. He was graduated at Dickinson College in 1849; joined the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church immediately after leaving college, and became a circuit rider. Within a few years he was called to a small church in Baltimore, and subsequently he held pastorates in the Old High Street Church, Baltimore, in Portland, Me., in Chicago, in New York city, and in Cincinnati. In 1882 he was chosen Professor of Historical Theology in Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill.; and from 1884 till his death he was President of the institution and Professor of Practical Theology. About two years ago he made a trip round the world and visited many mission stations in India, China, and Japan. He was the author of "The Life of Alfred Cookman "

(New York, 1871): "The Lord's Land: A Narrative of Travels in Sinai and Palestine" (1876); "The Life of Bishop Edward S. Janes" (1882); "Bishop Beverly Waugh" (1883); and "Bishop Matthew Simpson (1885).

Riley, Charles Valentine, entomologist, born in London, England, Sept. 18, 1843; died in Washington, D. C., Sept. 14, 1895. His childhood was passed in Walton-on-Thames. He spent three years in the College of St. Paul, at Dieppe, France, and three more in Bonn, Prussia. He early exhibited a passion for drawing and painting, and for studying insects. He came to New York when seventeen years old, spent three years on a stock farm in Kankakee County, Ill., and then went to Chicago as a laborer in a pork-packing establishment. He was next engaged in newspaper work, and in May, 1864, went to the front with the 134th Illinois Volunteers. In 1868 he was made State Entomologist of Missouri. Of the 9 volumes of his Missouri "Reports," Charles Darwin wrote that they brought to his knowledge many valuable facts and generalizations, and the "Entomologists' Monthly Magazine," of London, remarked: "The author, in giving full scope to his keen powers of observation, in minuteness of detail, and in the skill with which he uses his pencil, and in a regard for scientific accuracy, maintains his right to be termed the foremost economic entomologist of the day." The illustrations of these reports were made at his own expense, from drawings by his own hand. During two years (1869-70) Prof. Riley also served as associate editor of the "American

Entomologist." In 1873 an outbreak of the Rocky mountain locust or grasshopper in the Western and Northwestern States led to the creation by Congress of a commission for the investigation of the pest, and Prof. Riley, as chief of this commission, led an exploration of the entire region. In 1878 he was appointed United States Entomologist, and he filled this office till 1894, except in 1879-1880, when, at the head of the Entomological Commission, he conducted the cotton-worm investigation. On his reappointment as United States Entomologist in

1881 the commission was transferred to the Department of Agriculture, in which the division of entomology was organized, and at its head he remained until June, 1, 1894, when in consequence of failing health he resigned. After bringing to successful issue the treatment of the army worm and other insects injurious to cotton, he turned his attention to the orange interests of Florida, the insects affecting stock in the lower Mississippi, those affecting the hops, and those affecting cranberries. Two of his remedies have passed into almost universal use-the employment of kerosene emulsified with milk or soap against all sucking insects and the invention of the cyclone" or eddy chamber in nozzles for the spraying of insecticides or fungicides. He never received a cent beyond his legitimate salary, never took a fee for information, never attempted to control any discovery to his own advantage, nor applied for a patent. In 1880 he introduced the Australian ladybug ( Vedalia cardinalis) to free the orange groves of California of the white scale, and he has been widely honored for his studies on the grape phylloxera. In 1873 the French Republic presented him with a gold medal for his services to French grape culture, and in 1892 a beautiful bronze statue was presented to him by the grape growers of southern France. In 1889 Prof. Riley represented the Department of Agriculture at the Paris Exposition. On July 14, 1889, he received the Cross of the Legion of Honor from the French Government for services rendered to the agriculture of all countries, and particularly to that of France; and in 1884 he was awarded a gold medal by the Scotch authorities for a collection of forestry insects which he exhibited in Edinburgh. His studies of the Hessian fly and the hop fly in England bore directly on English agricultural prosperity, and he was elected an honorary member of the Royal Agricultural Society. He was one of the 6 honorary members of the London Entomological Society, was for many years recording secretary, and for two years President of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, and was the founder and first president of the Entomological Society of Washington. A bibliography of Prof. Riley's works shows more than 2,000 titles of books, pamphlets, and magazine and newspaper articles on scientific subjects. His more important works are: "Reports on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the State of Missouri" (9 annual volumes, Jefferson City, 186977); "Potato Pests" (New York, 1876); "Locust Plague in the United States" (Chicago, 1877); and "Annual Reports as Entomologist of the Department of Agriculture." He lectured on entomology at Cornell University, Kansas State Agricultural College, Columbian University, and Missouri State University, which institution conferred on him in 1873 the honorary degree of Ph. D. During his life Prof. Riley was an indefatigable collector and preserver of insects, and he presented his immense private collec

tion to the National Museum at Washington. It contains more than 20,000 species, represented by 115,000 pinned specimens and much additional material. It is the largest general collection in the United States, and is rich in biological examples. Prof. Riley's death was occasioned by a fall from his bicycle a short distance from his suburban home. He was above the average in height, spare, athletic, with a nervous temperament, a dark complexion, and a striking Italian air. He was an accomplished musician. In 1878 he married Miss Emilie J. Gonzelman, of St. Louis, by whom he had 6 children.

Ritchie, Alexander Hay, engraver, born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822; died in New Haven, Conn.. Sept. 19, 1895. He was educated in art at the Royal Institution under Sir William Allan, and took 4 premiuins for drawing during his first year as a student. This course of instruction was taken while he was serving an apprenticeship to a firm of press builders. In 1843, on completing his apprenticeship, he removed to Canada, where he engaged in portrait painting and learned steel engraving. From Canada he removed to New York city. He was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1863, and an academician in 1871. He became the foremost engraver in stipple and mezzotint in the United States, and produced notable original compositions. His best-known engravings are: "Lady Washington's Reception Day," after Daniel Huntington; "On the March to the Sea," after Felix O. C. Darley; "Henry Clay"; "Washington and his Generals"; "Death of Lincoln," the last three after his own paintings; "The First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation." after Carpenter; "Washington entering New York"; "The First Blow for Liberty "; and "Sherman's March to the Sea." His paintings included: "Washington and his Generals"; "Mercy knocking at the Gate" (1860); "Fitting out Moses for the Fair" (1862); "Baby, who's that?" (1871); and portraits of Charles Hodge (1863) and James McCosh (1870).

Root, George Frederick, musical composer, born in Sheffield, Mass., Aug. 30, 1820; died on Bailey's island, Maine, Aug. 6, 1895. He was brought up on a farm till his eighteenth year, when he went to Boston. There he devoted himself to the study of music, and in 1839-44 was instructor in the public schools, and also director of music in 2 churches. He then removed to New York city and taught till 1850, when he spent a year in Paris. In 1859 he became a member of the music-publishing firm of Root & Cady, of Chicago, and took up his residence in that city. He was the originator of normal musical institutes, and was one of the faculty when the first one was held in New York city in 1852. Besides many popular songs, he composed much sacred music, and published several collections of vocal and instrumental music, pamphlets on harmony and the principles of teaching, and articles in musical periodicals. Many of his war songs were very popular. The "Battle Cry of Freedom" was inspired by the news of President Lincoln's second call for troops. Words and music started together in his mind, and the ink was scarcely dry when the song was sung at a war meeting, to be used afterward in camp, on the march, and even on the field of battle. There was a large demand for Mr. Root's music in England and Scotland. In 1886 he crossed the ocean for the second time, spending several months in musical circles, where he found his own compositions exceedingly popular, and heard his own songs frequently sung. His friend J. Curwen Spencer, of London, surprised him by showing in the musical catalogues of the British Museum nearly 24 pages devoted to the titles of Dr. Root's works reprinted in England. He was one of the founders of a school of distinctively American music. A partial list of his compositions, coming down only to 1890, shows 74 books, in only 5 of which were others associated with him, and 179 pieces of sheet music. In a recent catalogue of 114 national war songs 86 are from the pen of George F. Root. At one time his publishers had

14 printing presses at work on "The Battle-Cry of Freedom." "Tramp! Tramp! Tramp!" was written near the close of the war, and had only a year of its influence, but during that time it gave a profit of $10,000. Work was his pleasure, and he never took an

absolute vacation from it. His personal appearance was very pleasing. He was tall, erect, and courtly, with a fine strong face, and an atmosphere of friendliness. He received the degree of Mus. Doc. from the Chicago University in 1872. His best-known compositions are "Hazel Dell" (1853); "Rosalie, the Prairie Flower" (1855); " The Battle Cry of Freedom' (1861); "Just before the Battle, Mother" (1863):

Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! the Boys are Marching (1864); "The Old Folks are Gone"; "A Hundred Years Ago"; "Old Potomac Shore"; the quartet "There's Music in the Air "; and the cantatas "The Flower Queen" (1852) and "The Haymakers " (1857).

Rothermel, Peter Frederick, artist, born in Nescopack, Pa., July 18, 1817; died in Grassmere, Pa., Aug. 15, 1895. He received a common-school education, studied land surveying, became a sign painter when twenty years old, and soon afterward was led to study drawing by attending an art exhibition in the Philadelphia Academy. He began his art career as a portrait painter, but as there was then only a slight demand for portraits, he turned his attention to historical subjects. In 1856 he spent a short time in London and Paris, and then spent two years in Rome, returning to Philadelphia in July, 1859. He was an honorary member of the National Academy of Design and an active member of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. His paintings include: "De Soto discovering the Mississippi" (1844); "Embarkation of Columbus"; "Christian Martyrs in the Coliseum"; a series illustrating Prescott's "History of the Conquest of Mexico"; "The Virtuoso" (1855); Vandyke and Rubens"; "King Lear," from a study of a pose of Forrest in London (1856); "Patrick Henry before the Virginia House of Burgesses": "St. Agnes" (1858): "Paul at Ephesus"; "Paul before Agrippa"; "St. Paul Preaching on Mars Hill"; "Trial of Sir Henry Vane"; "Battle of Gettysburg" (finished in 1871, now in Memorial Hall, Philadel phia); "The Landsknecht" (1876); "Bacchantes" (1874); "Columbus before Isabella":"Macbeth meditating the Murder of Duncan"; "Lady Macbeth": and "Amy Robsart interceding for Leicester." Many of his paintings have been engraved.

Royall, William Bedford, military officer, born in Virginia, April 15, 1825; died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 13, 1895. He was commissioned 1st lieutenant in the 2d Missouri Mountain Infantry July 31, 1846, and 1st lieutenant and adjutant of the Santa Fé battalion Aug. 14, 1847, and was mustered out of the service Oct. 20, 1848. On March 3, 1855, he was commissioned 1st lieutenant, 2d United States Cavalry. He was promoted captain March 21, 1861; major, 5th Cavalry, Dec. 7, 1863; lieutenant colonel, 3d Cavalry, Dec. 2, 1875; and colonel, 4th Cavalry, Nov. 1, 1882; and was retired Oct. 19, 1887. During the civil war he was brevetted major, May 27, 1862, for Hanover Courthouse; lieutenant colonel, June 13 following, for Old Church, Va.; colonel, March 13, 1865, for recruiting services; and brigadier general, Feb. 27, 1890, for gallantry in the action against the Indians on Rosebud Creek, Mont., June 17, 1876. His appointment to the regular army was in recognition of his gallantry in the Mexican War, especially at the capture of Puebla de Taos. In 1856 he took part in an expedition to the head waters of Conchos river, and in 1859 distinguished himself by a brilliant defense of his camp against hostile Comanches. In the civil war he took part in the engagement at Falling Waters, the siege of Yorktown, and the actions at Hanover Courthouse, Williamsburg, and Old Orchard. In the last he received saber wounds while cutting through the enemy to escape capture, and was disabled for several years, serving the remainder of the war on recruiting duty. After the war he served against Indians in Kansas, 1868, in the Republican river expedition, 1869, and in the Yellowstone expedition, 1876. Ryder, James Adams, embryologist, born near Loudon, Pa., in 1852; died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 26, 1895. His education was limited in the main to a public-school course, though he studied for some time on a Jessup scholarship at the Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia. He published, when twenty-five years old, an account of his scientific researches that attracted the favorable attention of European bacteriologists, and in consequence he received the appointment of embryologist to the United States Fish Commission. In 1886 he was called to the chair of Comparative Embryology in the University of Pennsylvania, which he held till his death. He invented various instruments, including the microtome, designed to unravel the structure of animal tissues in serial form, and achieved his highest scientific reputation by his investigations into the artificial propagation of oysters. He was a prolific writer in biological science.

Sawyer, Sylvanus, inventor, born in Templeton. Mass., April 15, 1822; died there Oct. 25, 1895. From childhood he showed great mechanical ingenuity, and from his twelfth to his twenty-first year he spent most of his time in endeavors to improve articles of familiar mechanism. In 1839 he went to Augusta, Me., and worked with his brother-in-law, a gunsmith. Prior to attaining his majority he had made inventions, including a reed organ that embodied many of the features of those in use to-day, a steam engine, a screw propeller, and a car operated by foot power. About 1843 he went to work in a machine shop in Boston, and there invented a machine for splitting rattan for use in chair bottoms. Such a device had long been sought, and on receiving his patent, in 1851, he and a brother established themselves in East Templeton as manufacturers of chair cane. This invention revolutionized the chair-cane industry, and transferred it from European and Asiatic countries to the United States. In 1853 he invented improvements in rifled cannon projectiles, which were patented in 1855. He spent considerable time and money experimenting with these devices for the benefit of the United States Ordnance Bureau, and elicited the declaration by the Secretary of War that the practicability of rifled cannon projectiles had been demonstrated. In the early part of the civil war cannon were prepared for service under his patent, and their efficiency was highly commended; but the Govern

ment did not adopt his system. He claimed that the ordnance officers incorporated his chief improvements in the manufacture of cannon, thereby infringing on his patent. During 1861-'62 he made further improvements in projectiles, and supplied several department commanders with the first batteries of caststeel rifled cannon made in the United States. Near the close of the war he built extensive works for the manufacture of his cannon without Government aid, but peace soon obliged him to close them. In 1867 he took out patents on dividers and calipers; in 1868 one on a steam generator; in 1876 one on a sole-sewing machine; and in 1882 one on a centering watchmaker's lathe. Subsequently he was engaged in the manufacture of watchmaker's tools till his retirement from business.

Schauffer, Mary Reynolds, missionary, born in Longmeadow, Mass., April 13, 1802; died in New Rochelle, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1895. She removed in childhood, with her parents, to Somers, Conn., and became a teacher in a private school in New Haven. Here she became interested in the work of foreign missions, and accepted an invitation to accompany the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Brewer to Smyrna, where she opened a school for girls in 1830, the first in the Turkish Empire. In 1834 she married the Rev. William G. Schauffler, then a missionary of the American Board to the Jews in Constantinople, who died in January, 1883. Fifty years ago Mr. Schauffler was influential in persuading Sir Stratford Canning, then British minister at Constantinople, to interfere in behalf of Armenians suffering persecution, not from the Turks, but from their own patriarch. Mr. and Mrs. Schauffler labored in the missionary field more than forty years, and for a great part of the time their home was the stopping place of missionaries going to or returning from stations in European or Asiatic Turkey and Persia. In 1874 they left Constantinople, spent three years in Austria, and then returned to the United States. After her husband's death Mrs. Schauffler made her home in New Rochelle, N. Y.

Scott, James Wilmot, journalist, born in Walworth County, Wisconsin, in June, 1849; died in New York city, April 14, 1895. He was the son of D. Wilmot Scott, a journalist and publisher of Galena, Ill.; learned the printer's trade in his father's establishment; took part of a collegiate course, and for a time was employed in the United States Government Printing Office in Washington. In 1872 he established a weekly newspaper in Prince George County, Maryland; in 1874 returned to Galena and with his father established "The Industrial Press"; in 1875 purchased "The Daily National Hotel Register" of Chicago; in May, 1880, founded "The Chicago Daily Herald"; and in April, 1890, with John R. Walsh, who had become interested with him in the ownership of the "Herald," he established "The Chicago Evening Post." Mr. Scott was one of the originators, organizers, and directors of the World's Columbian Exposition; was for many years President of the United Press Association, of the American Newspaper Publishers' Association, and of the Press and Fellowship Clubs of Chicago.

Soudder, Henry Martyn, clergyman, born in Panditeripo, Ceylon, Feb. 5, 1822; died in Winchester, Mass., June 4, 1895. He was a son of the Rev. John Scudder, M. D., the missionary; came to the United States when ten years old; was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1840, and at Union Theological Seminary in 1843; and returned to the Madura missionary station in India as a missionary of the American Board in 1844. Subsequently he studied medicine and established a dispensary at Arcot. He showed uncommon industry in the organization of schools and churches, the translation of religious books, and the founding of the Arcot mission. He became a master of the Sanskrit, Tamil, and Telugu languages, and besides doing much street preaching in these languages he translated numerous religious books and tracts into them. His health failed under the strain of his work, and in 1864 he returned

to the United States. In 1865-71 he was pastor of the Howard Presbyterian Church in San Francisco; in 1872-'82 of the Central Congregational Church in Brooklyn, N. Y.; and in 1882-87 of Plymouth Cougregational Church, Chicago, resigning in the last year to resume missionary work with his son, the Rev. Doremus Scudder, D. D., and his daughter Catherine in Japan. He remained there two years, resided for some time in Pasadena, Cal., and since 1882 had lived in Winchester. He published "Liturgy of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church " (Madras, India, 1862); "The Bazaar Book, or the Vernacular Teacher's Companion" (1865); "Sweet Savors of Divine Truth," a catechism (1868); and "Spiritual Teaching" (1870).

Seelye, Julius Hawley, educator, born in Bethel, Conn., Sept. 14, 1824; died in Amherst, Mass., May 12, 1895. He was graduated at Amherst College in 1849; studied theology at Auburn, N. Y., in 1849-'52, and at Halle, Germany, in 1852-53; was ordained by the Classis of Schenectady in 1853; and was pastor of the First Reformed Dutch Church in Schenectady, N. Y., in 1853-'58. In the last year he was elected Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy in Amherst College, holding the chair till 1875. In 1874 he was elected to Congress as a popular candidate, not having been nominated by any party. While in Congress he acted in general with the Republican party, though he opposed the Electoral Commission and the declaration of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency. In 1877 he was elected President of Amherst College, which office he resigned in June, 1890. He received the degree of D. D., from Union College in 1862, and LL. D. from Columbia in 1876. He accepted an invitation to deliver a course of lectures in India in 1872; was a member of a commission to revise the tax laws of Massachusetts; was one of 3 visitors appointed to oversee Andover Theological Seminary; and was a trustee of the Clarke Institute for Deaf Mutes, of Smith College for Women, and of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. During his administration at Amherst the college received endowments amounting to over $800,000, and he was instrumental in raising over $270,000 after the burning of Walker Hall. He made radical changes in the management of the college, abolishing the marking system and the valedictory exercises, and selected the commencement speakers from special departments in which they excelled. He also brought about the abolition of rules for the conduct of the students, and formed what was known as the "college senate," under which the students governed themselves in all matters concerning deportment. Dr. Seelye was a frequent contributor to periodicals, and published a translation of Schwegler's "History of Philosophy" (New York, 1856); "Lectures to Educated Hindus" (Bombay, 1873; republished as "The Way, the Truth, the Life," Boston, 1878, and translated into Hindustani, Japanese, and German); and "Christian Missions" (New York, 1875); and revised and edited Hickok's Moral Science" (Boston, 1880).

Sefton, Marian Meroer, actor, born in Liverpool, England, Oct. 9, 1810; died in Navesink Highlands, N. J., Sept. 19, 1895. She began her career on the stage at Montreal, and made her first appearance in New York city at the Bowery Theater as Babetta in "Destiny," July 4, 1886. At that time she was the wife of Thomas 'I'. Watts, author and scientist, who was connected with Commodore Perry's expedition to Japan. In 1842 she became a member of the company of Mitchell's Olympic Theater, and five years afterward attained much popularity in the character of Grace Peabody, in "Ladies Beware," at the Broadway Theater. She married John Sefton Jan. 15, 1845, with whom she appeared on the stage quite regularly till his death, in 1868. While a member of Wallack's company she created the rôle of Sarah Sykes in Lester Wallack's play "Rosedale." She was also the original in the United States of Tillie Dragglethorpe in Watts Phillips's play "Lost in London." While rehearsing at the old Wallack Theater,

about 1883, she met with an accident that compelled her to retire from the stage.

Shea, George, jurist, born in Cork, Ireland, June 10, 1826; died in New York city, Jan. 15, 1895. He was the son of John Augustus Shea, author and journalist, and came to the United States with his parents in 1827. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in New York city; was corporation attorney in 1865-267; and was chief justice of the Marine Court of New York in 1870. Judge Shea was associated with Charles O'Conor in the defense of Jefferson Davis, and was counsel for the Kings County Elevated Railroad in Brooklyn. He published" Hamilton," an historical study (New York, 1877; enlarged edition, Boston, 1880).

Shufeldt, Robert Wilson, naval officer, born in Red Hook, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1822; died in Washington, D. C., Nov. 7, 1895. He was appointed a midshipman in the navy, May 11, 1839; was promoted passed midshipman, July 2, 1845; master, Feb. 21, 1853; lieutenant, Oct. 26, 1853; commander, Nov. 19, 1862; captain, Dec. 31 following; commodore, Sept. 21, 1876; and rear-admiral, May 7, 1883; and was retired, Feb. 21, 1884. He was on sea service for eighteen years and one month; on shore or other duty, eleven years and three months; and unemployed twentysix years and four months, being out of the service for seven years

months from July 20, 1854, when he was connected with the merchant marine and had charge of a surveying party on the isthmus of Tehuantepec. At the beginning of the civil war he was in command of a steamship plying between New York and Havana, and soon afterward he was appointed United States consul general at the latter city. Early in 1863 he re-entered the navy under a commission of commander, dated Nov. 19, 1862. He was first given command of the steamer" Conemaugh," then on blockading duty at Charleston, and took part in the engagements on Morris Island. In 1864-66 he commanded the "Proteus" of the Eastern Gulf blockading squadron. After the war he was successively in command of the "Hartford " of the East India squadron, the "Wachusett" of the Asiatic squadron, and the monitor "Miantonomoh." In 1870-'71 he was again on surveying duty, both on the Tehuantepec and Nicaraguan routes. During 1875-78 he was chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, and in 1879-'80 was on a special mission to Africa and the East Indies, in connection with the expansion of American commercial relations. During this cruise he was selected for arbitrator by the United States and British governments to settle the Liberian boundary question, and subsequently he negotiated an agreement with the Kingdom of Korea for protection of American life and property. In 1881, while at Pekin, China, as special agent of the United States Government, he secured the treaty that opened Korea to the world and recognized that kingdom as an independent nation. After his return to the United States he was president of the naval advisory board that designed the first steel cruiser and planned the new navy, and was also superintendent of the naval observatory. After his retirement he spent some time in Korea as the guest of the nation.

Sleeper, Solomon S., philanthropist, born in Bristol, N. H., March 18, 1815; died in North Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 6, 1895. He was the son of a Methodist clergyman, and in 1843 engaged in the wholesale