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grocery business in Boston. He served several terms in the Legislature and in the Cambridge Board of Alderman. Mr. Sleeper was deeply interested in charitable work, and contributed largely to promote it. He was a liberal benefactor and director of the Avon Street Home and the Baldwin Street Home for Little Wanderers of Cambridge, gave $5,000 to the Shepherd Memorial Church there, presented the town of Bristol with a public library, and gave considerable sums to churches.

Smith, Green Clay, military officer, born in Richmond, Ky., July 2, 1832; died in Washington, D. C., June 29, 1895. He was a son of Congressman John 8. Smith, and grandson of Gen. Green Clay. In 1847 he enlisted in a cavalry regiment and served a year in the Mexican War. He was graduated at Transylvania University in 1850, and at the Lexington Law School in 1853; began practicing with his father; removed to Covington in 1858; and was elected to the Legislature, where he defended the National Government in 1860. In the following year he was commissioned major in the 3d Kentucky Cavalry; was appointed colonel of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry in February, 1862; was wounded at Lebanon, Tenn.; and was promoted brigadier general of volunteers, June 11. He resigned his commission, Dec. 1, 1863, having been elected to Congress, where he served till 1866, then resigned to accept the office of Governor of Montana, where he remained three years. He was brevetted major general of volunteers, March 18, 1865, for gallantry in the field. In 1869 he was ordained to the ministry of the Baptist Church, and settled in Frankfort, Ky. He devoted most of his time to service as an evangelist, but in 1876 was the candidate of the National Prohibition party for the presidency, and received a popular vote of 9,522. In 1890 he was called to the pastorate of the Metropolitan Baptist Church, Washington, D. C.

Smith, Samuel Francis, clergyman, born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 21, 1808; died there Nov. 16, 1895. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1829, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1832. During 1834-42 he held a pastorate at Waterville, Me., and was also Professor of Modern Languages in the college there; and 1842-54 was stationed at Newton, Mass. He was editor of the "Christian Review" in Boston in 1842-'48, and of publications of the Baptist Missionary Union in 1854-69, and visited the chief missionary stations in Europe and Asia in 1875-76 and 1880-82. He received the degree of D. D. from Waterville College in 1854. Dr. Smith was best known as the author of the national hymn "My Country 'tis of Thee," which he composed while a student of theology, and which was first sung at a children's celebration in Boston, July 4, 1832. About the same time he also wrote the well-known mission

ary hymn "The Morning Light is breaking." On the afternoon and evening of April 3, 1895, he was given a reception in Music Hall, Boston, in recognition of his service as author of the national hymn. Among his literary works are several collections of original hymns and poetry and poetical translations, including "Lyric Gems" (Boston, 1843), "The Psalmist," a Baptist hymn book (1843), and "Rock of Ages" (1866, 1877). He translated from the German the greater part of the "Juvenile Lyre" (Boston, 1832), and from the "Conversations-Lexicon" nearly enough articles to fill a volume of the "Encyclopædia Americana" (1823-32). He published the "Life of Rev. Joseph Grafton "(1848); "Missionary Sketches" (1879, 1883); "History of Newton, Mass." (1880); and "Rambles in Mission Fields" (1884).

Smith, Sebastian B., clergyman, born in Germany, in 1845; died in Havana, Cuba, March 2, 1895. He was brought to the United States when a child, and was educated at Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J., and at the American College in Rome, Italy. He made a special study of canon law, and was professor of it at Seton Hall for several years. He was at the time of his death legal adviser to the bishop of the diocese of Newark, and had been employed as counVOL. XXXV.-38 A

sel in many important ecclesiastical trials. He spoke English, German, Spanish, French, Latin, and Greek. From 1880 he was rector of St. Joseph's Church, Paterson, N. J. He bequeathed three quarters of an estate, estimated at $60,000, to Catholic institutions. Snow, Ambrose, pilot, born in Thomaston, Me., in January, 1813; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., June 28, 1895. He served before the mast for five years, and when twenty-five years old was a shipinaster. He followed the sea till 1860, when he settled in New York city and formed the shipping firin of Snow & Burgess. For twenty-five years he had been a menber of the board of pilot commissioners, of which he was president at the time of his death, and for fifteen years he was President of the Board of Trade and Transportation. At the centennial of the inauguration of President Washington in New York city on April 29, 1889, he was coxswain of a crew of 13 veteran sea captains, all members of the Marine Exchange, that rowed President Harrison in a small boat from the United States steamer "Dispatch" in the East river to the landing stage at Wall Street. Speir, Samuel Fleet, physician, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 9, 1838; died there Dec. 19, 1895. He was graduated at the medical department of the University of New York in 1860, having won the Mott gold medal and the Van Buren prize for scholarship. He also was awarded the Wood prize at Bellevue Hospital, which he subsequently entered. He continued his studies in Europe for nearly three years. Plaster of Paris as a substitute for splints was there first introduced in surgical operations. He made a special study of the innovation; returned to the United States in the latter part of 1862, and was sent by the United States Sanitary Commission to tho Army of the Potomac, where he distinguished hinself in applying these surgical aids. In 1863 he returned to Brooklyn, where he remained till his death, holding the offices of demonstrator of anatomy in the Long Island College Hospital, physician, curator, microscopist, and surgeon of the Brooklyn Hospital, surgeon to the tumor and cancer department of the Brooklyn Dispensary, and consulting surgeon of the hospital. Dr. Spier originated the Seaside Home for Children and founded the Helping Hand Dispensary. He published the "Pathology of Jaundice " (1863), for which he received a gold medal; "The Microscope in the Differential Diagnosis of Morbid Growth" (1871); and "The New Method of arresting Hæmorrhage by the Use of the Artery Constrictor," which won a prize from the New York Medical Society. He was widely known as an expert on cancer, which was the cause of his death.

Spoth, Edward A., musical composer, born in Germany in 1820; died in Rondout, N. Y., April 21, 1895. He developed musical abilities at an early age, and became especially known as a composer of religious, classical, and concert music. Among his best-known compositions are the "Austrian Bugle March" and the "Apollo Overture," a funeral march.

Sprague, Eben Carleton, lawyer, born in Bath, N. H., Nov. 26, 1822; died in Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 14, 1895. He removed with his parents to Buffalo in 1826. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy, and was graduated at Harvard in 1843. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1846, and from that time practiced in Buffalo. He was a member of the State Senate in 1876-77, was for several years Chancellor of the University of Buffalo, and was President of the Harvard Club of western New York, and President of the Liberal Club of Buffalo. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1892.

Stearns, John Newton, reformer, born in New Ipswich, N. H., May 24, 1829; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 21, 1895. He engaged in journalism in New York in 1850, and became editor and proprietor of "Merry's Museum" in 1858. He joined a juvenile temperance society when seven years old; became a member of the Sons of Temperance at his birthplace in 1848; was elected grand worthy patriarch of the grand division of eastern New York in 1859 and 1864

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and most worthy grand patriarch of the national division of North America in 1866. In the latter year he also joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, and subsequently he was twice elected grand worthy templar of the Grand Temple of New York. On the organization of the National Temperance Society and Publishing House, in 1865, he was appointed its corresponding secretary and publishing agent, which offices he held till his death. In 1875 176 he was President of the New York State Temperance Society, and in 1893 had general charge of the World's Temperance Congress in Chicago during the World's Exposition. Mr. Stearns was editor, from 1865, of the "National Temperance Advocate " also editor of the "Youths' Temperance Banner," "The Water Lily," "The National Temperance Almanac," issued annually since 1869; and published "The Temperance Chorus " (New York, 1867); "The Temperance Speaker " (1869); "The Centenary Temperance Volume" (1876); "The Prohibition Songster" (1885); and "One Hundred Years of Temperance (1885).

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Stearns, Joseph Barker, electrician, born in Weld, Me., Feb. 28, 1831; died in Camden, Me., July 2, 1895. He learned telegraphy in Newburyport, Mass.; became superintendent of the Boston Fire-alarm Telegraph Company in 1855, and held the office till 1867, when he was elected President of the Franklin Telegraph Company, operating lines between Boston and Washington. While in charge of the fire-alarm telegraph in Boston he made numerous inventions, by which the system reached its present high state of development. In 1868 he invented a duplex system of telegraphy, for which he received a United States patent and royalties from the British, French, Italian, Russian, and Spanish governments, from several in Central and South America, and also from submarine telegraph companies. He was employed as an electrical engineer in making, laying, and putting into operation telegraph cables between Galveston, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico, and between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico and Callao, Peru. On the completion of his last work he made his home in Camden, Me., where he gathered a collection of carved ivories, said to be the largest ever made.

Stevens, John Leavitt, journalist, born in Mount Vernon, Mo., Aug. 1, 1820; died in Augusta, Me., Feb. 8, 1895. He was educated at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and the Waterville Liberal Institute; studied theology, and was ordained a minister of the Universalist Church in 1844. After ten years failing health compelled him to abandon the ministry, and James G. Blaine, then one of the owners of "The Kennebec Journal," called him to the associate editorship of that paper. Three years afterward Mr. Blaine removed to Portland, and Mr. Stevens succeeded him as editor in chief, holding the place till 1870. He was then appointed United States minister to Uruguay and Paraguay, which countries were in a disturbed condition. He was influential in protecting American interests and in aiding to re-establish peace between the two countries. In 1873 he resigned this post, and four years afterward went to Sweden as United States minister, remaining there till 1883. While residing in Stockholm he gathered materials for a history of Gustavus Adolphus and the Thirty Years' War. In 1889 he was appointed minister to the Hawaiian Islands. A revolution against the royal Government broke out in Honolulu on Jan. 30, 1898; the Queen's authority was overthrown, and a provisional govern

connected with the overthrow of its Government, vesting him with paramount authority. On April 1 Commissioner Blount withdrew the protectorate, and in May Minister Stevens was recalled and Mr. Blount was appointed minister in his place. Mr. Stevens returned to the United States and took no further part in public affairs.

Stiles, Isaac Newton, lawyer, born in Suffield, Conn., July 16, 1833; died in Chicago, Ill., Jan. 18, 1895. He received a common-school education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Lafayette, Ind., in 1855. Soon afterward he became prosecuting attor ney; was elected to the Legislature; and was an active speaker in the Frémont presidential campaign. At the beginning of the civil war he enlisted as a private, but went to the field as adjutant of the 20th Indiana Infantry. He was taken prisoner at Malvern Hill, and was confined for six weeks in Libby prison. On being exchanged, he returned to the army; was promoted major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel of the 63d Indiana Volunteers, and was brevetted brigadier general for meritorious services in the field, Jan. 31, 1865. After the war he settled in Chicago to practice. For several years he was totally blind.

Stockbridge, Henry, lawyer, born in North Hadley, Mass., Aug. 31, 1822; died in Baltimore, Md., March 11. 1895. He was graduated at Amherst College in 1845, and was admitted to the bar in Baltimore, May 1, 1848. During the civil war he was active in the Union cause, and was appointed a special district attorney in the War Department. In 1864, while a member of the Legislature, he drew up the act pro viding for a Constitutional convention to abolish slavery in that State. He was elected to this convention, and subsequently defended the Constitution framed by it before the court of last resort. Subse quently he instituted and prosecuted with success in the United States courts proceedings for annulling the indentures of apprenticeship, through which attempts had been made to evade the emancipation clause. By these efforts he secured the enfranchisement of more than 10,000 colored children in Maryland. In 1865 he was judge of the circuit court of Baltimore County. He was Vice-President of the Maryland Historical Society, for more than twenty years editor of the fund publications, and contributed Part XXII to "The Archives of Maryland" (Balti

more, 1866),

Stone. David Marvin, journalist, born in Oxford Conn., Dec. 23, 1817; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 2,1895. He received a common-school education, and was engaged in teaching and in mechanical pursuits. till 1842, when he became a merchant in Philadel phia, and in 1849 removed to New York city and be came editor of the "The Dry-goods Reporter." In December following he became commercial editor of "The Journal of Commerce." In 1861, in conjunction with William C. Prime, he purchased the paper, and five years afterward succeeded Mr. Prime as editor in chief. He held this place till June 10, 1893 when the paper was consolidated with "The Commercial Bulletin." A notable incident in his long editorial career was the suppression of his paper by the United States Government in May, 1864, for publishing a spurious draft proclamation purporting to have been issued by President Lincoln. Copies of the alleged proclamation were sent to the principal newspapers in the city, but the "Journal of Commerce" and the "World" were the only ones that published it in full. The only

in the "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1893). Minister Stevens established a protectorate over the islands on Feb. 1-an act which was promptly disavowed by the American Secretary of State. On Feb. 15 President Harrison sent to the Senate a message accompanied by the draft of a treaty, providing for annexation. But five days after President Cleveland assumed office he withdrew the treaty from the Senate and appointed James H. Blount, of Georgia, a special commissioner to visit Hawaii and ascertain all the facts

ment was proclaimed (see article HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Joseph Howard, Jr., author of the on imprisoned was

canard. Mr. Stone. was a lover of flowers, and spent all his leisure in his garden and conservatory, giving freely of his floral treasures to the poor and sick. He bequeathed to the Brooklyn Society for the Relief of Reputable Aged Indigent Women $5,000.

Story, William Wetmore, sculptor, essayist, and poet, born in Salem, Mass., Feb. 12, 1819; died in Vallombrosa, Italy, Oct. 7, 1895. He was a son of Joseph Story, the famous jurist, and after graduation at Harvard University studied law with his father and was

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admitted to the bar. Five years of active work in his profession, during which time he produced several law books and contributed both verse and prose to the magazines, were followed in 1845 by a severe illness, from which he had hardly recovered when his father died. It was decided by the bar to erect a statue to Judge Story, and the commission was

given to his son, who had hitherto accomplished only amateur work in sculpture. In order to qualify himself for serious effort in this direction he went to Rome to study, and for the rest of his career made Italy his home. He made, however, several visits to the United States, delivering a series of art lectures here in the winter of 1877-78. In 1843 Mr. Story married Miss Eldridge in Boston. Mr. Story's studio was one of the most popular places of resort for visitors in Rome, and about the sculptor himself centered much of the best literary and artistic life of the city. He went to Italy at a period when very little had been accomplished in sculpture in his native country, and if he never rose to greatness as a sculptor, he still accomplished much that was both creditable and pleasing. His "Cleopatra" statue is mentioned by Hawthorne in "The Marble Faun," and among his best works of this character are the statues of Josiah Quincy, at Sanders Theater, Cambridge, and George Peabody, in London. Much less admirable are such wellknown works of his as the "Edward Everett," in the Boston public garden, and the "Prescott," at Bunker Hill. In poetry Story takes a higher rank than in sculpture; the level reached in his first volume of poems in 1847 is maintained in all his subsequent work down to the latest collection of his verse in 1885. His poetry exhibits a delicacy of suggestion, a strength of phrase, a felicity of diction, and a glow of color that win our admiration, but it falls short of a very high degree of excellence. The "Roman Lawyer in Jerusalem," one of his most characteristic poems, was better known a generation ago than it is at present; but perhaps his lines on the historian Motley show him, in certain aspects, at least, at his best. His most popular prose work was "Roba di Roma," a series of "Walks and Talks about Rome," which remains as delightful reading to-day as when it was written. "Fiammetta " is a novel deeply penetrated with Italian passion, and displays one side of his varied nature, as his "Conversations in a Studio," a critical volume, reveals another. Yet it must be admitted that in prose as in verse, and in sculpture also, Story achieved nothing distinctive, although his work in all three departments of effort gives much pleasure. But it is the work of a highly accomplished dilettante, not that of genius. His talents were exercised in too many fields to admit of supreme excellence being achieved in any one. He was strongest as a poet. Mr. Story's first published work was a "Treatise on the Law of Sales" (Boston, 1844), followed by a "Treatise on the Law of Contracts" (Boston, 1847). His other books include "Poems" (Boston, 1847); "Life and Letters of Joseph Story" (1852); "Poems" (Boston, 1856); "Roba di Roma" (London, 1862); "The American Question" (London, 1862); "Proportions of the Human Figure" (1866); " Graffiti d'Italia" (Edinburgh, 1868); "The Roman Lawyer in Jerusalem " (Boston, 1870);"Nero: An Historical Play" (Edinburgh and London, 1875); "Castle St. Angelo" (Philadelphia, 1877): "Vallombrosa " (Edinburgh, 1881); "He and She; or, A Poet's Portfolio " (Boston, 1884); "Fiammetta: A Summer Idyl" (Boston, 1885); "Poems" (Edinburgh, 1885); "Conversations in a Studio"

(Boston, 1890); (Boston, 1891); (Boston, 1894).

"Excursions in Art and Letters " "A Poet's Portfolio: Later Reading"

Strong, William, jurist, born in Somers, Conn., May 6, 1808; died at Lake Minnewaska, N. Y., Aug. 19, 1895. He was graduated at Yale in 1824; took a sixmonths' course in the law school, and was admitted to the bar in Reading, Pa., in 1832. In less than a year he acquired a practical familiarity with Gernian, which was then generally spoken in that section of the State, established himself in practice, and became active in politics. In 1846 and 1848 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat. He continued to practice till 1857, when he was elected a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, resigning in 1868 and removing to Philadelphia. His opinions fill 30 volumes of the State reports. In Philadelphia he almost immediately obtained a large practice, but relinquished it in 1870, on being appointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. Judge Strong was a member of the Electoral Commission of 1877 to decide the Hayes-Tilden_presidential contest. He resigned his seat on the bench in December, 1880. Justice, Strong was for many years President of the American Tract Society and of the American Sunday - school Union, and was one of the incorporators of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. For several years after his retirement he lectured in the law department of Columbian University, Washington, D. C., and also gave a course of similar lectures to the professors and students of Union Theological Seminary, New York. In 1875 he delivered an address before the law department of the University of Pennsylvania on the" Growth and Modifications of Private Civil Law."

Sutherland, Charles, physician, born in Philadelphia, Pa., May 29, 1829; died in Washington, D. C., May 11, 1895. He was appointed an assistant surgeon in the United States army, Aug. 5, 1852; was promoted captain and assistant surgeon, Aug. 5, 1857; major, April 16, 1862; lieutenant colonel and assistant medical purveyor, July 28, 1866; colonel and surgeon, June 26, 1876; and brigadier general and surgeon general, Dec. 23, 1890; and was retired May 29, 1893. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel for meritorious services, and colonel for diligent discharge of duties during the war, both on March 13, 1865. On the secession of Texas he escaped being taken prisoner, and left the State with artillery and infantry troops for New York, reporting for duty in March. In the following month he accompanied the secret expedition to Fort Pickens, Fla., where he was stationed till March, 1862, and after a brief service at Fort Warren, Mass., was appointed medical purveyor to the armies at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. He established large medical depots at Columbus, Ky., and Memphis, Tenn.; fitted out 9 general hospitals at the latter city, and was appointed medical inspector of camps and transports of the Army of the Tennessee in and about Vicksburg, Miss. Afterward he was medical director to the Department of Virginia and North Carolina; from November, 1863, till January, 1864, was on retiring board duty at Wilmington, Del.; then became medical director of hospitals at Annapolis; and afterward was purchasing medical purveyor at Washington, D. C., till the close of the war. After the war he was on duty principally in New York and San Francisco, till his promotion to surgeon general, and then till his retirement at Washington, D. C.

Swain. James Barrett, journalist, born in New York city, July 30, 1820; died in Sing Sing, N. Y., May 27, 1895. He received a public-school education, and in

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1834 entered a printing office as an apprentice, where he had Horace Greely for an associate. A friendship sprang up between them, and on leaving the printing office the two set up in business for themselves under the name of Horace Greely & Co., and edited and published the "Log Cabin." In 1843 Mr. Swain purchased the "Hudson River Chronicle" in Sing Sing, N. Y., and edited and published it till 1849, when he returned to New York and became city editor of the "Tribune." He went to the Times" in a similar capacity in 1851, and became editor of the " American Agriculturist" in 1852, and political contributor to the "Times" in 1853, and its Washington correspondent in 1860. He also edited the "Free State Advocate," a national Republican campaign paper in 1856, and the Albany "Daily Statesman" in 1857-61. In 1861 he raised a body of cavalry known as "Scott's Nine Hundred," and went to the front as its colonel. He served till the close of the war, and on his return was appointed engineer in chief of the National Guard of New York. In 1867-70 he was a United States weigher, in 1876-'85 edited the "Hudson River Chronicle," and in 1881-'85 was an inspector of post offices. He published "Life and Speeches of Henry Clay," to whom he was for a time private secretary (2 vols., New York, 1842); "Historical Notes to a Collection of the Speeches of Henry Clay" (2 vols., 1843); and " Military History of the State of New York" (3 vols., 1861-'65).

Swinburn, Ralph, engineer, born in Newcastle, England, in January, 1805; died in Charleston, W. Va., June 14, 1895. He was the son of a miner, and when fifteen years old was apprenticed to Stephenson, who was then perfecting his railway locomotive. In 1850 he settled in New Orleans, afterward removing to Richmond Va., where he secured employment in the building of the old Virginia Central Railroad. He remained in the railway service as operating and constructing engineer till about 1870, when he settled on a farm in West Virginia, and also entered the ministry of the Baptist Church, and was engaged in work as an evangelist till within two years of his death. Mr. Swinburn aided Stephenson in making the trial trip of the first railway locomotive, and sat in the cab with his hand on the throttle as engineer.

Taylor, William Mackergo, clergyman, born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, Oct. 23, 1829; died in New York city Feb. 8, 1895. He was graduated at the University of Glasgow in 1849; studied theology at the Divinity Hall of the United Presbyterian Church at Edinburgh; was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Kilmarnock, Dec. 14, 1852; and was ordained pastor of the United Presbyterian Church at Kilmaurs, June 28, 1853. In 1855 he was called to the United Presbyterian Church on the Derby Road, Liverpool, where he labored for sixteen years, building up a congregation of from 16 to nearly 1,000 members, and leaving it the second largest of its denomination in England. He first came to the United States in 1871 as a delegate to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, and the same spring occupied for several weeks Dr. Storrs's pulpit in Brooklyn. In November, following, Dr. Taylor was called to the pastorate of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, where he was installed on April 9, 1872. He held this charge actively till November, 1892, when, on resigning, he was chosen pastor emeritus. He received the degree of D. D. from Yale and Amherst Colleges in 1872, and that of LL. D. from Princeton in 1883. From 1876 till 1880 he was editor of the "Christian at Work," for which he wrote the International Sunday-school Lessons for several years; in 1876 and 1886 delivered the Lyman Beecher course of lectures in Yale College; in 1880, the L. P. Stone lectures in Princeton Seminary; and in 1888 undertook to raise a fund for the erection of parsonages on the Western frontier, to bo administered by the American Congregational Union, his personal efforts resulting in the contribution of over $21,000, which has since been increased to $86,000. He was indentified with numerous missionary and philanthropical societies; was a frequent

contributor to the religious press; and published "Life Truths," a volume of sermons (Liverpool, 1862); "The Miracles: Helps to Faith, not Hindrances" (Edinburgh, 1865); "The Lost found and Wanderer welcomed " (1870); "Memoir of the Rev. Matthew Dickie" (Bristol, 1872); "Prayer and Business" (New York, 1873); "David, King of Israel" (1875); "Elijah, the Prophet" (1876); "The Ministry of the Word" (1876); "Songs in the Night" (1877); "Peter, the Apostle" (1877); "Daniel, the Beloved" (1878); "Moses, the Lawgiver" (1879); "The Gospel Miracles in their Relation to Christ and Christianity" (1880); "The Limitations of Life, and Other Sermons" (1880); "Jesus at the Well" (1884); John Knox: A Biography" (1885); "Joseph, the Prime Minister" (1886); The Parables of Our Saviour expounded and illustrated" (1886); "The Scottish Pulpit" (1887); "Ruth, the Gleaner" and "Esther, the Queen" (1891); "Good Character: What it is, and how to form it" (1892); and "The Boy Jesus, and Other Sermons " (1893).

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Thatcher, Solon O., jurist, born in Hornellsville, N. Y.. Aug. 31, 1830; died in Lawrence, Kan., Aug. 11, 1895. He studied at Union College, and was graduated at Albany Law School in 1856. He was a delegate to the first State convention in New York for the organization of the Republican party, and after the Frémont campaign removed to Lawrence, Kan., where he at once became one of the counselors of the Free-state movement. In 1859 he was temporary presiding chairman of the Wyandotte Convention, and was chosen chairman of the legislative committee of that body. He was elected the first district judge of the 4th Judicial District of Kansas in 1859, and served till 1864, when he resigned, and was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor. He was appointed in July, 1884, one of 3 commissioners to negotiate treaties with the South and Central American governments; and at the subsequent assembling of the Pan-American Congress at Washington he made a detailed report of his work.

Thomas, Elisha Smith, clergyman, born in Wickford, R. I., March 2, 1834; died in Salina, Kan., March 9, 1895. Ile was graduated at Yale in 1858 and at Berke ley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., in 1861. In June of the latter year he took deacon's orders, and after taking priest's orders was for three years rector of St. Paul's Church at New Haven. In 1864 he became rector of Seabury Hall, Faribault, Minn., and Professor of Old and New Testament Exegesis in the divinity school there. In 1811 he accepted a call to the rectorship of St. Mark's Church, Minneapolis, which he held till his consecration as Assistant Bishop of Kansas in 1887. On the death of Bishop Vail in 1889, Bishop Thomas became the head of the diocese, and he labored with energy and ability in behalf of Church extension.

Thomes, William Henry, author, born in Portland, Me., May 5, 1824; died in Boston, Mass., March 7, 1895. He received a public-school education and learned the printer's trade. In 1843 he went to California, and again in 1849, extending his last trip to Honolulu, the East Indies, Australia, and China. During his travels he visited almost every point of interest on the South American and African coasts. He was engaged for three years in the mines in Australia; spent some time on an opium smuggler be tween China and California; and at the beginning of the Mexican War was forced into the service of the Mexican Government, from which he escaped with difficulty. On his return to Boston he became editor of "Ballou's Monthly," to which he contributed a large number of stories. Among his publications are "The Gold Hunters of Australia" (Boston, 1869); "Life in the East Indies" (1870); "A Whaleman's Adventures" (1871); "The Gold Hunters in Europe" (1872); "A Slaver's Adventures" (1873); "Running the Blockade" (1874); "The Belle of Australia' (1885); "On Land and Sea" (1886); and "Lewey and I" (1887). He was the first President of the New England Society of California Pioneers.

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Thompson, Alexander Ramsey, clergyman, born in New York city, Oct. 16, 1822; died in Summit, N. J., Feb. 7, 1895. He was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1842, and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1845; was pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Staten Island, in 1851-'59; of the Reformed Dutch Church in Twenty-first Street, New York city, in 1862-73; and of the North Reformed Dutch Church, in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1873-84. While holding a pastorate in Bridgeport, Conn., at the beginning of the civil war he was instrumental in organizing the 17th Connecticut Regiment, and for a year he was its chaplain. He was also an organizer of the Christian Commission, and for two years was in charge of the New England Soldiers' Relief Bureau. In 1863-65 he was chaplain of the New England Hospital, and from 1878 till his death, of the Roosevelt Hospital, New York city. He received the degree of D. D. from the University of the City of New York in 1865, and had been a member of its council since 1872. Among his publications are Casting down Imaginations" (1874) and "Christian Patriotism: The Points of Similarity between the Struggle for Independence in America and that of our Holland Ancestors" (1876). Dr. Thompson was the author of many hymns, and his translations of Latin and Greek hymns rank high. He assisted in compiling "Hymns of the Church" (New York, 1869) and Hymns of Prayer and Praise" (1874). Thompson, Alfred, artist, born in London, England, in 1831; died in Barnegat Park, N. J., Aug. 31, 1895. He was educated at Rugby and Cambridge; entered the Enniskillen Dragoons, with which he served for several years, attaining the rank of captain; sold his commission, and studied art in Munich and Paris; and did considerable work on the illustrated papers in the last city. Three of his paintings were exhibited at the Royal Academy. After returning to London he was for a time editor of " Pan and the Mask," was one of the founders of the Empire Music Hall, and composed and superintended the production of pantomimes at Drury Lane Theater and Covent Garden. He settled in New York city in 1884, where for a time he published a comic paper called "Snap." He adapted The King's Pleasure" for Lawrence Barrett, wrote the librettos for "The Arabian Nights" and "The Crystal Slipper "; designed the floats for the Columbian Celebration parade, and the scenery and costumes for Robson and Crane's production of "The Comedy of Errors," and for several years devoted himself almost exclusively to designing theatrical scenery and costumes.

Thompson, Mary Harris, surgeon, born in Washington County, New York, in 1829; died in Chicago, Ill., May 21, 1895. She was educated at Fort Edward Institute and West Poultney Academy, and studied at the New England Female Medical Academy and the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. In 1863 she removed to Chicago, where she gained the reputation of being one of the most eminent female surgeons in the world. She was one of the promoters of the Women's Medical College, and founder of the Chicago Hospital for Women and Children.

Thurman, Allen Granbery, jurist, born in Lynchburg, Va, Nov. 13, 1818 died in Columbus, Ohio, Dec. 12, 1895. He accompanied his parents to Chillicothe in 1819. where he received his education, and afterward settled in Columbus. His first employment was as an assistant to a party of land surveyors in Ohio. Afterward he studied law and became private secretary to Gov. Lucas. He was admitted to the bar in 1835. Returning to Chillicothe, he entered into partnership with his uncle, William Allen, and when the latter laid aside his law practice for his political affairs, Mr. Thurman took charge of all of the former. He received the Democratic nomination for Congress in 1844 and was elected. He declined a renomination and resumed the practice of law till 1851, when he was elected a judge of the Suprenie Court of the State, serving the last year of his term as chief justice. He declined a renomination for this office also, and again

returned to practice. In 1867 he was the Democratic candidate for Governor, and, though defeated by Rutherford B. Hayes, he greatly reduced the majority of the successful party. The new Legislature was Democratic and elected him United States Senator for the term

beginning March 4, 1869. He was appointed a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, of which subsequently he was chairman for several years. In 1874 he was elected to the Senate, and in this term was chosen its president pro tem. While

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in Congress he drafted the bill to compel the bondaided Pacific railroads to fulfill their obligations to the Government, since known as the "Thurman act"; presented arguments against the constitutionality of the Civil Rights bill which have since been sustained by the United States Supreme Court; labored to secure for the States that seceded the most favorable reconstruction legislation; opposed the Resumption act; advocated a concurrent resolution declaring that the public debt of the United States was payable in silver coin of standard weight and fineness; supported the Bland-Allison act; took part in framing the bill providing for the Electoral Commission; and was a member of that body and a warm defender of its constitutional authority and of its decisions. James G. Blaine, in his "Twenty Years of Congress," pays a glowing tribute to his integrity and worth. He was succeeded as Senator by James A. Garfield, and the latter on his accession to the presidency appointed his political rival and personal friend a member of the International Monetary Conference at Paris. In 1876 Judge Thurman received several votes in the National Democratic Convention for the presidential nomination; in 1880 he received a larger vote; in 1884 he was presented for the nomination a third time; and in 1888 he was nominated for Vice-President by acclamation.

Tillson, Davis, military officer, born in Rockland, Me., April 14, 1880; died in Portland, Me., April 30, 1895. He spent two years at West Point, and then resigned because of an accident that required the amputation of his leg. In 1857 he was elected to the State Legislature, in the following year was appointed adjutant general of the State, and early in 1861 was appointed collector of customs of the Waldoboro (Maine) district. In 1861 he was commissioned captain of the 2d Maine Battery. He remained in Maine, owing to the apprehension of difficulty with England on account of the "Trent" affair, till April, 1862, when he reported for duty in Washington, D. C. In the following month he was promoted major and appointed chief of artillery in Gen. Ord's division, and in August, after the battle of Cedar Mountain, became chief of artillery on Gen. McDowell's staff, taking part in the battle at Rappahannock station and in the second Bull Run. He was commissioned brigadier general, to date from Nov. 29, 1862, and after serving as inspector of artillery till April, 1863, he was ordered to Cinciunati as chief of artillery for fortifications in the Department of the Ohio, where he had charge of the defenses of Cincinnati and of the works on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He also, while here, raised two regiments of heavy artillery. In December following he was ordered to the supervision of defensive works at Knoxville, Tenn., and was assigned to the command of a brigade in the 23d Corps, with which he served in several engagements during the winter of 1863-64. From Knoxville,, where he constructed what were commended

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