and strike a radius from that point which shall embrace the whole of New England, and you have the population and territory for two missionaries only. And have eighteen centuries passed away, since the command was given to evangelize the world, and no more heralds of the gospel been sent forth to proclaim the tidings of mercy! Let Christians blush, and be ashamed, and realize their obligations to immediate and increased efforts. Christendom has ability to send the gospel to the ends of the earth, and, (I had almost said,) not feel the expense. The single campaign in Russia, cost more than all that' Christians have expended in charities for centuries, and more than enough to supply half the whole world with ambassadors of the cross.* * "An English lady in Paris, after entreating her American correspondent to send her a few copies of the Tract, entitled 'The conversion of the world,' exclaims, 'Only 30,000 Missionaries demanded to preach to the whole world! Why, any petty prince in Germany can furnish a greater army; and shall the great Captain of Salvation hold up his standard in vain?" No; multitudes will flock to it. The King of Zion will have an army to go forth for the conquest of the world, possessing the fearlessness and perseverance of Paul, and Wick

* According to Segur's History of Bonaparte's Expedition to Russia, and Labaume's Narrative of the Campaign in Russia, there were no less than a million of persons, including those of the French and Russian armies, engaged in that campaign.

At the lowest estimate, it would require two hundred dollars a year on an average, to support each individual, considering that a large proportion of them were officers, whose salaries must have been hundreds, and some of them thousands of dollars a year, and that many of them were cavalry, whose expenses must have been much greater than those of infantry; and also that immense expense must have been incurred for the equipment of the army in ordnance, &c. The campaign, then, must have cost more than two hundred millions of dollars. The sacrifice of property must have been many hundred millions of dollars. Four hundred thousand ministers would supply half the world with ambassadors of the cross. Five hundred dollars, with his own earnings, will educate a charity scholar for the gospel ministry. Four hundred thousand, multiplied by five hundred, produces just two hundred millions. The sum of money, therefore, expended in the campaign in Russia, would educate more niinisters, than enough for the supply of half the whole world!

liffe, and Luther; the missionary spirit of Swartz and Martyn, and of our own Eliot, and Brainerd, and Mills. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ought to send forth to the heathen as many, at least, as fifty new missionaries, the present year, and as many more in every succeeding year, that a mighty impression may be made upon the Pagan world. They ought not to think of any thing less than sending within one generation three hundred and sixty heralds of the cross to the three hundred and sixty millions of China-one third of the globe-a world of men. Had all the Christians of this

land the spirit of Worcester and Evarts, this work would be accomplished. Dr. Worcester in one of his letters, written just before his death, observed, "One thing is consummated and settled in my mind, and that is, a full and delightful conviction, that the cause of missions has never held too high a place in my estimation, or engaged too large a share of my attention. This is saying nothing— it transcends, immeasurably transcends the highest estimation of every created mind. And what is the sacrifice of health, what the sacrifice of life to such a cause! Be the event what it may, recovered health or an early death, I never can regret what I have done in the work, but only that I have done so little, and with a heart so torpid. The world yet lieth in wickedness-in darkness and corruption. The gospel is the only remedy-the means prescribed by sovereign Wisdom for its recovery. To communicate the gospel to all the families of the earth, is a work to be done by those who have felt its power, know its value. They have no time to lose, no advantages to be neglected, no talents to be held unoccupied. Christians have yet to feel very differently from what they have been accustomed to feel on this subject. The standard of piety must be raised. Devotedness to Christ and his cause must not be a matter of mere theory. It

and

must be carried into living and demonstrative practice." "O that we might think, and act," said the lamented Evarts, "under the influence of feelings like these, till the ear shall be saluted from every continent and island with the gladdening shout-the plague is stayed-the wrath of God is averted-the world is transformedChrist is exalted, and his kingdom is universally established in the hearts of the children of men."

Appendix C.

DISSERTATION IV.

CONVERSION OF THE JEWS.

"I WILL take

you from among the heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land. And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people and I will be your God." This passage of Scripture is a part of a prophecy respecting the seed of Abraham. No people whatever are so interesting as the Jewish nation. From them have descended Patriarchs, Prophets, Judges, Kings, Priests, and Apostles; and of them, as concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, God blessed forever. This wonderful people have been in every condition of life; in strength and in weakness; in affluence and in penury; in splendor and in disgrace; in happiness and in misery. They are spoken of in the Scriptures under various appellations. They were at first denominated Hebrews, most probably from the circumstance, that Abraham came from the other side of the river Euphrates into Canaan, the word Heber, from which Hebrew is derived, signifying beyond. They were afterwards called Israelites, from their being the descendants of Israel, the father of the twelve patriarchs; and lastly, they were called Jews from Judah, especially after their deliverance from the Baby

lonian captivity, because the tribe of Judah was the most numerous, powerful, and distinguished of the twelve tribes. They believe in the Old Testament as inspired truth, and in a Messiah yet to come, who shall be to them a temporal Prince and Deliverer, and ultimately, rule King of all nations. They entirely reject the New Testament, and the Saviour it reveals, and depend for salvation upon their own works of righteousness. Most of the modern Jews are Pharisees.* A few only among them are Sadducees † and Essenes. In addition to the Old Testament, which they revere as most sacred, they possess the Talmud, which contains their written Rabbinical constitutions, and explications of the law, and a Targum, or Paraphrase upon the Old Testament in the Chaldee language. These are their principal religious books. They have also an oral tradition, or a mysterious kind of science, which they use in the interpretation of the books, both of nature and revelation. This is called Cabala. For the most part, they embrace the literal meaning of the Scriptures, and, consequently, discard their spiritual construction. Hence their religion is chiefly external, and is really no better than the religion of the Koran of the Mohammedans, or of the Vedas of the Hindoos.

*The Pharisees derive their name from a word which signifies to separate. They affect to be more strictly religious than other people, and to possess extensive knowledge of the Divine will and a peculiar interest in the favor of God. "Almost all the modern Jews are Pharisees," says Mr. Buck," and are as much attached to tradition as their ancestors were, and assert that whoever rejects the oral law deserves death. Hence they entertain implacable hatred to the Caraites, who adhere to the text of Moses, rejecting the Rabbinical interpretation."

The Sadducees arose between two and three hundred years before Christ, and take their name from one Sadoc, a principal leader of the sect. "There are still some of the Sadducees in Africa and in several other places; but they are few in number, at least, there are but very few who declare openly for these opinions."

"The Essenes are a very ancient sect that was spread through Syria, Egypt, and the neighboring countries. They maintained that religion consisted wholly in contemplation and silence. They look upon the law of Moses as an allegorical system of spiritual and mysterious truths; and renounced in its explication all regard to the outward letter.”—Buck's Theo, Dictionary.