BURGUNDIAN CODE (Loy Gambette), framed and issued by Gundibald, 501. BURGUNDIANS, the first Gothic tribe who constructed burghs, or fortified places; they were among the earliest who attempted to gain a settlement within the Roman empire; having overrun a large part of Gaul, are driven back by Probus, 277-about the middle of the fourth century they occupy the banks of the Rhine, north of the Maine, and are engaged in frequent contests with the Allemanni, against whom they are hired by Valentinian to assist him in his war, 370.

Force a passage over the Rhine, and establish themselves in Gaul, 406-assist the revolt of Jovinus, 411-receive from him a grant of lands, which Honorius confirms; they remain permanently settled there, and Gundicar is their king, 413 he rules the ancient occupants mildly and peacefully, 420--are defeated by Aetius, and make peace; are then invaded by the Huns, 435-Gundicar is succeeded by Gunderic, under whom they repeat their attacks, and are again repulsed by Aetius, 436-ally themselves with the Visigoths; Aetius employs an auxiliary force of Huns in various conflicts with them, 437-serve in his army against Attila at the battle of Chalons,451.

Chilperic succeeds Gunderic, 466-his son, Gundibald, marries a daughter of Theodoric, k. of the Ostrogoths, and succeeds as k. of the Burgundians, 491 -his niece, Clotilda, marries Clovis, k. of the Franks, 493-defeated by Clovis I., near Dijon, through the treachery of his brother, Godegesil, whom he afterwards kills, 500-frames a code of laws, 501-receives from Theodoric a sun-dial and water-clock, 503-d. 516-Sigismund succeeds; puts to death his son, Segericus, and quiets his conscience by large donations to the monastery of St. Maurice, 522-assumes the monastic habit; is betrayed into the hands of the Franks, and killed by them, 523-his brother, Gondemar, defeats and slays Chlodomir, son of Clovis, at Voiron; is afterwards overcome by his brothers, and the Burgundians made subject to the Franks, 534-some of them join a band of Gothic adventurers, and besiege Milan, 538. BURGUNDY, or ORLEANS, a new kingdom formed on the death of Chlotair, in the part of France assigned to his son, Gontran, 561--his kingdom enlarged by the addition of Angoulême, Saintes, and other provinces, on the death of his brother, Charibert, 567. See AUSTRIGILDIS.-He makes war on Recared I., the Ostrogothic k., and is defeated at Car

cassone, 588 d. 594-the kingdom is inherited by his brother, Childebert II., on whose death it goes to his youngest son, Thierry II., 596. See BRUNEHILD, and AUSTRASIA.-On the death of Dagobert I., his son, Clovis II., inherits Burgundy and Neustria, 638 d. 656 — his son, Chlotair III., reunites all the kingdoms; d. 670-Thierry III. made k. of Burgundy and Neustria; is sent by his nobles into a monastery, 671-resumes his throne, 673-d. 691-Thierry III. nominal k. under Pepín. See NEUSTRIA. BURGUNDY, or PROVENCE; in the division of Lothaire's kingdom, his youngest son, Charles, takes this portion with the title of king, 855-d. 863-his lands are absorbed by his brothers; on the death of Louis the Stammerer, Boso, brotherin-law of Charles the Bald, takes possession of Burgundy, Provence, and Arles, 879-d. 887, when his kingdom is divided. See Boso.

BURGUNDY, LOWER, or ARLES; Louis, son of Boso, is proclaimed k. of this part of his father's dominions, under the guardianship of his mother, Ermengarda, 888-she obtains for him the protection of the emperor Arnulf, and he is crowned at Arles; the Saracens establish themselves at Fracinet, 890-he claims the crown of Italy, 899-is acknowledged by some nobles, 900-elected emperor of the West, 901-surprised by Berenger, is allowed to go to Arles, on taking an oath not to enter Italy again, 902-breaks his oath, is taken prisoner at Verona, blinded, and sent back again to his kingdom, 905 retains the title of emperor, although Berenger is elected and crowned in his place, 915-d.; his kingdom is united to Transjurane Burgundy, 928. BURGUNDY, TRANSJURANE, or UPPER: a separate kingdom founded in Switzerland and Savoy, after Boso's death, by his governor, Rudolf 1., 888-d. 911-Rudolf II. succeeds; is elected k. of Italy in opposition to Berenger, 921-maintains his ground at Verona, 922-defeats Berenger at Fierenzuola, 923-sole k. of Italy, 924-expelled by Hugh, count of Provence, 926-on the death of Louis, unites Upper and Lower Burgundy, making Arles the capital of his States, 928--the nobles of Italy propose to call him back to their throne; Hugh purchases his friendship, by ceding to him part of Provence, 933-d. 937-Conrad succeeds; d. 993-Rudolf III. attends the coronation of the emperor Conrad II. at Rome, 1027, and bequeaths to him his kingdom, which, after his death, remains annexed to Germany, 1032.

BURGUNDY, DUCHY OF; a northern part of the first kingdom of the Burgundians; one of the hereditary benefices created by Charles the Bald, at the Diet of Quiercy-sur Oise, and given by him, with the title of duke, to Richard le Justicier, count of Autun, 877-d. 921-his son and successor, Rudolf (Raoul), is made k. of France, 923, and resigns his duchy to Giselbert, who d. 938-Hugh the Great holds Burgundy. See HUGH, count of Paris; d. 956.-Inherited by his son, Otho, from whom it passes to his brother, Henry I., the Great, 965-he is confirmed in it, with sovereign rights, by his elder brother, Hugh Capet, on his becoming k. of France, 987-d. 1002.

His nephew, Robert, k. of France, inherits Burgundy, but the Palatinate, or Franche Comté, is severed from it, and attached to the kingdom of Arles; he gives it to his second son, Henry, 1015, who, on ascending the throne of France, transfers it to his younger brother, Robert, the progenitor of the long line of succeeding dukes, 1032-d. 1075-Hugh, d. 1078-Eudes I.; his son Henry, of Besançon, created duke of Portugal, founds the dynasty of that kingdom, 1095 -d. 1102-Hugh II., the Pacific, d. 1142 -Eudes II., d. 1162-Hugh III., d. 1193 -Eudes III., d. 1218-Hugh IV., d. 1272 -Robert II., d. 1305-Hugh V., d. 1315 --Eudes IV., d. 1350-Philip de kouvre, last of the line; his lands ravaged by the insurgent peasantry, and the marshal murdered, 1358-d. 1361.

His duchy claimed by Charles II of Navarre; k. John II. of France declares it escheated to the crown, and gives it to his fourth son, Philip the Bold, 1363--he marries Margaret, daughter and heiress of Louis II., count of Flanders, 1369-shares with his brothers the regency of France; commands the army against the duke of Gloucester, and avoids a battle, 1380inherits Flanders, Artois, and other territories of his father-in law, 1384-resumes the regency; jealousy and rivalry between him and his brother, the duke of Orleans, 1392-d. 1404.

His son, John the Fearless, succeeds; hollow reconciliation between him and the duke of Orleans at Vincennes, 1405-assists John the Pitiless, bishop of Liege, to overcome his rebellious subjects, 1406-instigates the assassination of the duke of Orleans at Paris, 1407-is proclaimed an enemy of the State; occupies Paris with an army, and expels the court, 1408civil war between him and his adversaries, 1410-is supported by Henry IV of England, with an auxiliary force, 1411-

the war suspended by the treaty of Arras, 1414-enters into a secret alliance with Henry V. of England, 1416-liberates qu. Isabella, at Tours, coalesces with her, and conquers great part of France, 1417 -obtains possession of the king's person, 1418-invited by the dauphin to meet on the bridge of Montereau, is assassinated by the Orleanists, Aug. 18, 1419.

His son, Philip the Good, succeeds; enters into close alliance with Henry V., and is a party to the treaty of Troyes, 1420unites Namur to his States, 1421-renews his league, and gives his sister, Anne, in marriage to the duke of Bedford, 1423-is offended by the duke of Gloucester's marriage with Jaqueline, duchess of Brabant, and assists in repelling his attempt to make himself master of her hereditary States, 1424is reconciled, 1425-acquires Brabant, 1429. See BRABANT.-Marries Isabella, daughter of John I., k. of Portugal, and institutes the Order of the Golden Fleece, to commemorate the manufacturing prosperity of his lands; takes Joan of Arc prisoner, and sells her to the English, 1430-withdraws from his alliance with them, 1432-treaty with Charles VII., at Arras; adds Holland and Hainault to his States, 1433. JAQUELINE.-Announces to the English council his alliance with France, 1435besieges Calais, but retires on the approach of the duke of Gloucester, 1436purchases Luxemburg, 1444-his son, the count de Charolais, heads the league "for the Public Good" in France, 1465. See LOUIS XI., k. of France.-Philip d. 1467.

See

His son, Charles the Bold, succeeds; forms an alliance with Edward IV., k. of England, and marries his sister, Margaret, 1468 assists him to recover his throne, 1471-adds Guelderland and Zutphen to his dominions, and sets himself in opposition to Louis XI., 1472, who applies to pope Sixtus V. to excommunicate him, 1473-renews his alliance with Edward IV.; is now the richest and most powerful prince in Europe; wishes for the title of k. of Burgundy, which the emperor Frederic IV. refuses to give him; he turns his arms against the emperor, 1474-is reconciled to Louis, to whom he gives up the count St. Pol, 1475 -invades Switzerland; is defeated at Granson, Apr. 5, and at Murton, or Morat, June 20, 1476-aspires to conquer Lorraine; besieges Nancy; is defeated, and falls in battle, Jan 5-Louis seizes part of his dominions; the rest are transferred to Austria by the marriage of his only child, Mary, to Maximilian, son of

age of discovery by Henry VII., 1496discover Newfoundland, 1497. CABRAL, Pedro Alvarez, discovers Brazil, and visits the eastern coast of Africa, 1500. CABRERA, heads a rebel force in Arragon,

1835-is, with the other Carlist chiefs, driven into France, 1840--again in arms, 1848-arrested on the French frontier, April 21, 1849.

CABRIOLETs introduced in London, 1823. CAB-STRIKE in London, to resist the regulations of an act of parliament just passed, July 27, 1853.

CABUL invaded by the Persians at the instigation of Russia-the British government in India prepares to resist, 1838Sir J. Keane takes Ghuznee and restores the deposed sovereign, Shah Soojah, Aug. 7, 1839-Dost Mahomet submits, and surrenders, Nov. 5. 1840-his son, Akbar Khan, raises an insurrection, and the British are expelled with great loss, 1841-massacre of the British in their retreat, Jan. 6, 1842-gen. Pollock forces the Khyber Pass, April 6-Cabul recovered by him, Sept. 16-dismantled and evacuated, Oct. 12.

CACCIANIMICO, Gerard. See LUCIUS II.,

pope.

CADALO, bp. of Parma, nominated as pope by the empress Agnes, with the name of Honorius II., in opposition to Alexander II., 1061-driven from Rome by Godfrey, duke of Lorraine, 1062-re-asserts his claim to the papacy, and takes possession of S. Angelo, in which he is besieged, 1063-escapes, 1065-again asserts his claim, which is rejected by the council of Mantua, 1067.

CADE, Jack, raises an insurrection-his men are defeated near Rochester, and he is killed by Iden, a gentleman of Sussex, 1450.

CADESIA, battle of the Persians defeated by the Moslems, 636.

CADIJAH takes Mohammed into her service, and soon afterwards marries him, 594.

CADIZ, the Gades of the ancients, founded by the Phoenicians-subject to Carthage, B.C. 233-becomes, after the victories of P. Cornelius Scipio, the ally of Rome, 207 -the Roman road in Spain extended to, by Augustus, 14-its vicinity ravaged by the Danes,or Northmen, A.D. 844-attacked by the English admiral, Drake, and the Spanish fleet destroyed, 1587-taken and plundered by the earl of Essex and lord Howard of Effingham, 1596-unskilfully attacked by lord Wimbledon (sir Edw. Cecil), 1625-occupied by the Patriots,who, with the assistance of lord Col

CADMUS of Thebes introduces letters into Greece from Phoenicia, B.C. 1493 (1494, H. 1313, C.)

CADOGAN, general, arrives at Stirling with an army to oppose the Pretender, Dec. 10, 1715.

CADUSIANS, the, resist successfully an invasion of the Persians, B.C. 3S4. CADWALLA, the Briton, makes war on Edwin, k. of Northumberland, 633-overcomes his nephews, Osric and Eanfrid, and falls in battle against Oswald, 634. CECILIANUS contends with Donatus for the bishopric of Carthage, which gives rise to the sect of the Donatists, 313-Constantine decides in his favour, 316. CECILIUS, Quintus, sent into Greece to check the power of Philip V. of Macedon, B.C. 185.

CECILIUS, Statius, the comedies of, acted at
Rome, B.C. 179 d. 168.
CECILIUS, Qu., Cicero's oration against, B.C.
70.

CACINA commands the legions on the Upper Rhine, and supports Vitellius, 69 conspires against Vespasian, and is put to death, 79.

CECINA, C. Longus (or Largus), consul of Rome, 42.

CECUS, the Blind, surname of App. Claudius. See CLAUDIUS.

CEDICIUS, Q., consul of Rome, в C. 256. CEDMON, the Anglo-Saxon poet, a monk at Whitby, 680.

CEDWALLA, K. of Wessex, 685-conquers the Isle of Wight and invades Sussex, 686-makes an attempt on Kent, 687resigns his throne to Ina and goes to Rome, 688-d. there, 689. CELESTIN, bp. of Rome, 422-sends Germanus of Autisiodorus (Auxerre), to convert Agricola, son of Severian, from Pelagianism, 429-assists Cyril in deposing Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, 431-d. 432. CELESTIUS, disciple of Pelagius, 409condemned by synods at Carthage, 418. CAEN, in Normandy, taken by Henry I. of England, 1105.

CANINA, C. Claudius, consul at Rome, B.C. 285, 273.

CANRED, k. of Mercia, 704-abdicates and retires to Rome, 709.