BASSUS, consul of Rome, 408. BASSUS, C. Lecanius, consul of Rome, 64. of Rome, 81. BASSUS, M. Ceionius Virius, consul of BASSUS, Sept., consul of Rome, 317. BASTWICK, imprisoned by the Star-cham- BATAGABA, battle of; the Bulgarians de- BATAVI, the island of the, reached by Dru sus, B.C. 12-they revolt under Civilis, A.D. 69 are defeated by Cerialis, but acknowledged as allies, not subjects, of Rome, 70. BATAVIA, built by the Dutch on the island grand cross of the, bestowed on Omar Pasha, Aug. 11, 1855. BATHORI, Sigismund, succeeds in Transyl- BATHORI, Stephen, succeeds John Sigis- BATHYANY, Count Casimir, a Hungarian BATOU, grandson of Dschingis-khan, establishes the Golden Horde in Kapzak, 1235 invades Russia, 1236-conquers Kiow, drives Wladimir from the throne, and sets up Iaroslav as a vassal of the Golden Horde, 1238--ravages Hungary, Poland, and Silesia, 1241 - repulsed at Olmutz, 1242-returns to Kapzak, 1243. of Java, 1610-it surrenders to Sir Samuel Auchmuty, Aug. 26, 1811. BATAVIAN republic established, May 16, 1795-remodels its constitution, 1801-"BATRACHOI." See ARISTOPHANES. embargo on its ships in England, followed by war, 1803-receives another constitution, with Schimmelpenninck as pensionary, 1805-erected into a kingdom, 1806. See HOLLAND. BATEMAN, William, hp. of Norwich, founds Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1351. BATH, taken by Ceawlin, k. of Wessex, 577 -the abbey of, built by Offa, k. of Mercia, 783-Edgar anointed at, by Dunstan and Oswald, 972. BATH, William Pulteney, created earl of, loses his influence, 1742-d. 1764. PULTENEY, William. BATTERIES, FLOATING. See GIBRALTAR. BATTLE ABBEY, founded by William I., 1067. BATTLES; the date of every important See BATH, the Order of Knights of the, originally instituted by Henry IV., 1399-revived by George I., 1725-new-modelled and extended by George IV., 1815--the battle, with its result, the parties engaged in it, and all other material circumstances, may be found in this Index, by referring to the name of the place where it was fought, of the sovereign in whose reign it took place, or of the general who commanded. BATTO, continues the revolt in Apulia after the defeat of Melo, 1019-taken prisoner in the fort of Garigliano, and killed by the Greek catapan, Basilio Bugiano, 1021. BATTUS, arrives in Africa, B.C. 640second settlement on the island of Pla tea, 637-founds Cyrene, 631, BAUDIN, Admiral, takes S. Juan de Ulloa, and Vera Cruz, from the Mexicans, 1838. BAUGE, in Anjou, battle of, the duke of Clarence defeated and slain, 1421. See HENRY V., k. of England. BAUTO, a descendant of the royal Visigothic Balti, consul of Rome, 385-his daughter Eudocia married to Arcadius, - BATTUS II., the Fortunate, king of Cyrene, | BAVARIA-continued. B.C. 575. dependencies, 1133 he opposes the emperor Conrad III., and is deprived of his German states, 1138-d, 1139--his son Henry, the Lion, preserves Saxony; after a long struggle, Bavaria is given to Henry IX. of Austria, 1142-restored to Henry X., the Lion, 1153-a league of the princes of North Germany against him, repressed by the emperor, 1166he withdraws from the imperial army in Lombardy, 1166-is ejected from all his states except Brunswick and Lünenburg, by the diet of Würzburg; Bavaria given to Otho I. of Wittelsbach, 1180 -who is succeeded by Louis I., 1183Henry, the Lion, d. at Brunswick, 1195. 395. BAUTZEN, battle of, May 19, 1813. See NAPOLEON I. BAVARIA, Christianity preached in, by Emmeran, 651-becomes an independent state, 674-Ansprando and his son Liutprand take refuge in, when driven out of Lombardy, 703 subdued by Charles Martel, 725-invaded by the Avars, who destroy Lorch, 737-reduced by Pepin, 750-Thassilon, its duke, does homage to Charlemagne, 781-freed from an invasion of the Avars by Charlemagne and added to his empire, 788. . Given by Louis I. le Debonnaire to his son Lothaire, with the title of king, 815 transferred to his youngest son Louis, 821-Louis rebels and is deserted by his army, 839-in the division of the empire on his father's death, he makes Bavaria part of his kingdom of Germany, 840-allotted to Carloman, son of Louis, 876-on his death seized by Louis of Saxony, 880-occupied by Charles the Fat, 882. See ARNULF, natural son of Carloman. Invasion of the Hungarians; Arnulf elected duke to oppose them, 907Henry I. duke, 942 Henry II., 958leagues with the Bohemians and Poles against the emperor Otho II., 975-defeated and takes refuge in Bohemia, 976-recovers his states and claims the wardship of Otho III., 984-d. 995-Henry III. succeeds, elected k. of Germany, 1002. See HENRY II. of Germany. Bavaria transferred by him to Henry IV.,brother of his queen, Cunegonda, 1004 -resumed, 1008-Henry V. duke, 1025 -Conrad I., 1047-Henry VI., 1052Conrad II., 1054-given by the emperor Henry III. to his empress Agnes, 1056 -by her to Otho of Nordheim, 1061-by the emperor Henry IV. to Guelph IV, count of Carinthia, and Guelph I. of Bavaria 1071. See ALBERT Azzo, CuNEGONDA, and GUELPH IV.-he joins the crusaders and dies in Cyprus, 1101. Guelph II. succeeds; Henry VII. (Guelph) duke, 1120-Henry VIII., the Proud (Guelph), 1126-invested with the duchy of Saxony by the emperor Lothaire II., 1126--with Tuscany and its The Palatinate of the Rhine united to Bavaria; Otho II. duke, 1231-he supports the emperor, Frederic II., against pope Innocent IV., 1246-his son, Louis II., duke of Bavaria and elector Palatine, 1253-joins Ottocar II. of Bohemia in opposing the election of Rudolf of Habsburg, 1273-changes sides, 1275 -the Palatinate separated; Louis III. duke of Bavaria, 1294-elected k. of Germany, 1314. See LOUIS IV. of Germany. Treaty of Pavia settles the Bavarian succession, 1329 Stephen, duke of Bavaria, 1347-war of six years with Austria for the Tyrol, without gaining it, 1363-69--John I. duke, 1375-Ernest, 1397-Albert I., 1438-John II. and Sigismund, 1460- Albert II., 1465 William 1., 1508 Albert III., 1550William II., 1579-Maximilian, 1596head of the Catholic League of Würzburg, 1609-overthrows the Bohemian Protestants in the battle of Prague, Nov. 9, N.S.; his general, Tilly, defeated at Wiesloch by Count Mansfeld, devastates the Palatinate of the Rhine, with horrid barbarity, 1622-the Palatinate annexed to Bavaria, 1623-Gustavus Adolphus defeats Tilly at Breitenfeld, Sept. 7, N.S.; and penetrates to Bavaria, 1631-Turenne and Wrangel compel Maximilian to a treaty of nentrality, 1646 - the Palatinate of the Rhine restored, and Bavaria made the eighth electorate, by the peace of Westphalia, 1648--Maximilian d. 1651. Ferdinand Maria succeeds; disputes with the elector Palatine the vicariate of the empire, 1657-Maximilian Emanuel elector, 1679-serves against the Turks in Hungary and takes Belgrade, 1688joins the league of Augsburg against Louis XIV., 1689-commands the allied army in Flanders during the absence of William III., and relieves Charleroi, 1692- his army unites with the French BAVARIA Continued. in the war against the emperor, Leopold I., and defeats the imperialists in the first battle of Hochstadt, Sep. 20, 1703is driven from the lines of Schellenberg by Marlborough, July 2, 1704- and totally annihilated by him in the second battle of Hochstadt (See BLENHEIM); after which the elector takes flight into the Spanish Netherlands, of which he is made governor; the electress surrenders Bavaria to the emperor, and retires to Venice; the elector put to the ban of the empire, 1706-attacks Brussels and retreats precipitately, 1708-relieved from the ban, 1712-his states restored to him by the treaty of Baden, 1714-d. 1726. Charles Albert succeeds, resists the Pragmatic Sanction, and claims the hereditary states of Austria, 1740-joins France in the war against Maria Theresa; invades Bohemia, and is crowned king at Prague, 1741-elected emperor at Frankfort, Jan. 24, 1742. See CHARLES VII. of Germany. The Austrians expel him from Bohemia, take Münich, and conquer Bavaria, 1742-Charles Albert solicits peace; Maria Theresa rejects the preliminaries; he recovers Bavaria, 1744 -d. 1745. His son Maximilian Joseph makes peace with Maria Theresa, and secures his states by voting for her husband Francis as emperor; d. 1778-the elector Palatine, Charles Theodore, inherits Bavaria; the two states are again united; the emperor Joseph II. claims and seizes a portion of them; the k. of Prussia resists; impending war averted by the peace of Teschen, May, 13, 1779 -the project of Joseph to obtain Bavaria in exchange for Belgium, thwarted by Prussia and other states, 1785-Bavaria joins the coalition against France, 1793 -invaded by Moreau, and saved by the archduke Charles of Austria, 1796Charles Theodore d. 1799. Maximilian Joseph II. succeeds; Moreau conquers Bavaria, and takes Münich, July 2, 1800 restored by the treaty of Luneville, 1801 receives Würtzburg, Bamberg, and Augsburg, in compensation for territories lost on the left bank of the Rhine, 1803 - in alliance with France, occupied by the Austrians under gen. Mack; recovered by Napoleon; the elector takes the title of king, and the Tyrol is annexed to his dominions, 1805-gives the princess Augusta in marriage to Eugene Beauharnais, 1806-attends the congress of Erfurt, 1808-in alliance with France against Austria, 1809-gives up South BAVARIA continued. Tyrol to the kingdom of Italy, and receives in exchange Bayreuth, Salzburg, Ratisbon, and other lands, 1810-joins the allies, and sends an army under gen. Wrede to intercept Napoleon in his retreat at Hanau, 1813-assists in the invasion of France, and concurs in the treaties of Paris and Vienna, 1814abolishes serfdom and introduces a representative government in his states, 1818 d. 1825. His son Louis Charles Augustus succeeds; founds the university of Münich, 1826-allows many of his officers to assist the Greeks, 1827-joins the Zollverein, 1829 his son Otho appointed k. of Greece; anniversary of the Bavarian constitution, celebrated at Hambach, May 27, 1832-the king erects the temple of Walhalla near Ratisbon, to commemorate the great men of Germany, 1842-dismisses Lola Montes, and resigns his crown to his son, Maximilian Joseph II. (as king), Mar. 20, 1848 dissents from the election of the k. of Prussia as emperor of Germany, 1849 -sends troops in conjunction with Austria to put down the commotions in Hesse Cassel, 1850-withdraws them, 1851. BAVIUS, the poet, d. B.C. 35. BAXTER, Richard, b. 1615-d. 1691. BAYARD, the Chevalier, distinguishes himself in Flanders, and saves Meziéres, 1521-serves under Bonnivet in Italy, 1523-killed in the retreat of the French army, 1524. BAYAZID, in Asia, the Russians defeat the Turks at, July 30, 1854. BAYEUX, in Normandy, taken by Henry I. of England, 1105-Odo, bp. of. See Opo. BAYEUX, TAPESTRY OF, the work of Matilda, qu. of William I., preserved in the abbey there, and first mentioned, 1476. BAVLE, Peter, b. 1647-begins his journal, "Nouvelles de la République des Lettres," 1684 his Dictionary first published at Rotterdam, 1697-d. 1706. BAYLEN, battle of; surrender of Dupont and his army, to the Spanish gen., Castaños, July 28, 1808. BAYLEN, Castaños, duke of, d. 1852. BAYONETS, first made at Bayonne, about 1690-supersede pikes, and are in general use in the French army, 1703. BAYONNE, conference at, between Katharine de' Medici and the duke of Alva, to plot the destruction of protestantism, 1565the royal family of Spain meet Napoleon, and resign the kingdom to his brother Joseph, 1808-Soult driven back to, from the Pyrenees, 1813-sally of the French from, April 14, 1814. BAYREUTH. See ANSPACH. -Annexed to Bavaria, 1810. BAZA, taken from the Moors by Ferdinand of Spain, 1489. BAZAAR. See ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE. BEADAN-HEAD, battle of; Escwin, k. of Wessex, defeats Wulfhere, k. of Mercia, 675. BEAN, , presents a pistol at Queen Victoria, July 3, 1842-on which an Act is passed for the better protection of her majesty's person. BEANDUNE, battle of; the Cymri are defeated by Cynegils, k. of Wessex, and his son, Curchelm, 614. BEATON, cardinal, archbp. of St. Andrews, causes the execution of Patrick Hamilton, as a heretic, 1528--regent of Scotland, 1542 -opposes the marriage-treaty with England, 1543-is assassinated, May 28, 1546. BEATON'S MILL, James III., k. of Scotland, is murdered in, June 11, 1488. BEATRICE, dau. of Frederic, duke of Upper Lorraine, married to Boniface II., duke of Tuscany, 1036-he d. 1052-marriage of his widow to Godfrey, duke of Lorraine, 1054-guardian of her daughter Matilda; Henry III. of Germany claims Tuscany, and detains her in captivity, 1055-restored to her husband, 1057--governs Tuscany in the name of her dau. Matilda, after Godfrey's death, 1070-d. 1076. BEATRICE, daughter of Aldrovandino, late marquis of Este, married to Andrew II., k. of Hungary, 1234-imprisoned by her son-in-law, Bela IV., she escapes to her family in Italy, where she gives birth to a son named Stephen, 1235. BEATRICE, dau. of Charles II. of Naples, married to Azzo VIII., marq. of Este, 1305. BEATRICE, dau. of Rinaldo, count of Burgundy, married to Frederic I., emperor of Germany, 1156. BEATRICE, dau. of Philip of Swabia, late emperor of Germany, married to Otho IV., 1209. BEATRICE, dau. of Ferdinand, k. of Portugal, married to John I., k. of Castile, 1383. BEATRICE, Sister of Azzo VIII., marquis of Este, married to Galeazzo, son of Matteo, Visconte, 1300-d. 1335. BEATRICE, duchess of Milan, beheaded for alleged infidelity, 1418. BEATRICE Of Ferrara marr. Ludovico Sforza, 1490-her rivalry with Isabella, her sisterin-law, leads to discord in Milan, 1491. BEATRICE of Naples marries Matthias Corvinus, k. of Hungary, 1476. BEATRICE of Modena. See MARY BEATRICE. BEATTIE, James, b. 1735-d. 1803. BEAUCAIRE. See ALFONSO X., k. of Castile. BEAUCAMP, Richd., earl of Warwick, appointed by Hen. V. guardian of his son, 1422-compelled to abandon the siege of Montargis by the bastard of Orleans, 1426 -succeeds the duke of York as regent of France, and d. soon after, 1440. BEAUCHAMP, William Seymour, lord, marries lady Arabella Stuart, for which they are committed to the Tower, 1611. See HERTFORD, marquis of. BEAUCHAMP of Holt, lord, unjustly executed for treason, 1388. BEAUFORT, John, son of John of Gaunt and Katharine Swinford, legitimized by the king and the pope, 1396-his son, John, first duke of Somerset, leaves only a dau., Margaret, who marries Edmund, earl of Richmond, eldest son of Owen Tudor and qu. Katharine, 1455. See HENRY VII., k. of England. BEAUFORT, Edmund, duke of Somerset, younger brother of John, inherits his title, and is governor of Normandy, 1447 --surrenders Rouen, and retreats to Harfleur, Nov. 4, 1449-succeeds William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, as adviser of queen Margaret, and is very unpopular, 1450-the parliament petitions for his removal, 1451-committed to the Tower, 1454-released, and slain at the battle of St. Alban's, May 23, 1455. BEAUFORT, Henry, bishop of Winchester, son of John of Gaunt, quarrels with Humphrey, duke of Gloucester; reconciled by John, duke of Bedford, 1425made a cardinal, 1426-intrigues against the duke of Gloucester, 1442 - prevails over him in the English councils; and promotes the marriage of Henry VI. to Margaret of Anjou, 1444-d. 1447. BEAUFORT, the duke de, a French admiral, gains a victory over the Algerines, 1665 -unable to join the Dutch, shelters his fleet in Brest, 1666. BEAUFORT, the duke of, b. 1791-d. 1853. BEAUFORT, Fort, repulse of the Caffres at, Jan. 7, 1851. BEAUFOY'S motion for the relief of dissenters negatived by a majority of 78, Mar. 28, 1787-his second motion negatived by a majority of 20, May 8, 1789. BEAUGENCY, Synod of, divorces Louis VII. from Eleanor of Guienne, 1152. BEAUHARNAIS, Eugene, b. 1781-made viceroy of Italy, 1805-marries the princess Augusta of Bavaria, Jan. 14, 1806-commands the army of Italy and takes Trieste, May 18, 1809-defeats Jellachich, May 25-joins the grand army, May 27-receives from Murat the command of the French troops in Prussia, Jan. 16, 1813 and conducts them to Berlin, Feb. 21-d. 1824. BEAUHARNAIS, Hortense de, married to Louis Bonaparte, Jan. 9, 1802. G BEAUJEU, Pierre, Sire de, brother of John, duke of Bourbon, and husband of Anne, daughter of Louis XI., 1483. See ANNE. Inherits the title of duke of Bourbon, 1488; leaves no male posterity. See BOURBON. BEAULIEU, a sanctuary in the New Forest, where Perkin Warbeck takes refuge, Sept. 21, 1497. BEAULIEU, or Loches, a fifth treaty signed at, gives the Huguenots religious liberty, 1576. BEAUMARCHAIS, b. 1732-his edition of the works of Voltaire suppressed in France, 1785 d. 1799. BEAUMONT, lord, falls in battle, at Northampton, July 10, 1460. BEAUMONT, lord, b. 1805-d. 1854. BEAUMONT, Francis, b. 1555 a popular dramatist conjointly with Fletcher, 1614 -d. 1615. BEAUMONT, Sir George, gives his pictures to the National Gallery, 1824. BEAUSOBRE, b. 1659-d. 1738. BEAUVAIS, Vincent de, the compiler of the Speculum Majus, the first attempted Encyclopædia, d. 1264. BECCARIA, marquis, b. 1735-publishes his Treatise on Crimes and Punishments, 1764 d. 1793. BECHE, Sir Henry de la, b. 1796-d. 1855. BECKENHAM. See BACCANCELDE. BECKET, Thomas à, chancellor to Henry II., 1155-archbp. of Canterbury; resigns the chancellorship and opposes the king's ecclesiastical reforms, 1162-gives a promise of submitting to the ancient laws of the realm, 1163-refuses to observe the Constitutions of Clarendon, and flies to France, 1164-excommunicates Henry II. and all who conform to the Constitutions, 1165-enters into a compromise with the king; returns to his see; is assassinated, Dec. 29, 1170-two cardinals sent by the pope to investigate the circumstances of his death, 1171-Henry involved in much trouble in consequence, receives absolution, 1173-does penance at his tomb, 1174. BECKFORD, Wm., b. 1705-his mansion at Fonthill destroyed by fire, Feb. 12, 1755 -elected lord mayor of London, 1762again, 1769-his reply to the king's answer to the address of the London corporation, May 23, 1770-d. 1770-his statue placed in Guildhall, June 11, 1772. BECKFORD, WM., author of Vathek,b. 1760sells Fonthill, 1822-d. 1844. BECKWITH, General, captures Guadaloupe, Feb. 5, 1810. BEDDOES, Dr., b. 1760-d. 1808. BEDE, b. at Wearmouth, 673-educated by Benedict Biscop, 680-also by Ceolfrid, abbot of Wearmouth, 689-ordained a deacon, by John bp. of York, 692-priest, 703-ends his Hist. Ecc., 731-d. in the monastery of Jarrow, May 26, 735. BEDEAU, general, banished from France, Jan. 10, 1852. BEDER, battle of, Mohammed overcomes the Koreish, 623. BEDERICSWORTH (St. Edmund's Bury), the abbey of, rebuilt and endowed by Canute, 1029. See BURY ST. EDMUND'S. BEDFORD taken from the Five-burghers by Edward the Elder, 919. BEDFORD, John, duke of, brother of Henry V., repels an attempt of the French to recover Harfleur, 1416- arrests Queen Joanna of England, 1419-regent of France, 1422-marries Anne, sister of Philip, duke of Burgundy, 1423-mediates between the dukes of Gloucester and Burgundy, 1424-composes differences between the former and Beaufort, bp. of Winchester, 1425-forces the duke of Britanny to break off his alliance with Charles VII., 1426-marries Jacqueline of Luxemburg, 1432-d. 1435. BEDFORD, earl of; title given to lord Russel, 1549. See RUSSEL, lord. Negotiates the peace with France, 1550-suppresses Sir Peter Carew's insurrection, 1554-one of Queen Elizabeth's council of state, 1558 -sent by her to attend at the baptism of prince James of Scotland, 1566. BEDFORD, Russel, earl of, sides with the parliament, and at the head of a detachment of their army drives the marquis of Hertford from Somersetshire into Wales, 1642-abandons their cause and joins Charles I. at Oxford, 1643-fails to obtain from Charles II. a mitigation of the sentence against his son, lord Wm. Russel, 1683-made one of the privy council by William III., 1689-created duke of Bedford, 1693. BEDFORD; John, duke of, b. 1710-censures the sacrifice of British to Hanoverian interests, 1742-opposes the employment of Hanoverian troops in British pay, 1743 first lord of the admiralty in the "Broad Bottom " ministry, 1744-secretary of state, 1747-lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1759-signs the preliminaries of peace at Fontainebleau, Nov. 8, 1762 -president of the council and head of the ministry, Sept. 9, 1763-d. 1771. BEDFORD, Francis, duke of, b. 1765-d. Mar. 2, 1802-Fox's oration in praise of him, Mar. 16-his statue erected in Russell Square, 1809. BEDFORD, John, duke of, lord lieutenant of Ireland,1806-fights a duel with the duke of Buckingham, 1822. BEDFORD, Georgiana, dow.-duch. of, d. 1853. |