turns to Spain, 1507-d. at Granada, Dec. 2, 1515.

CORDUS, Cremutius, writes a history of the civil wars of Rome, which the senate order to be burnt-it is secretly preserved-the author starves himself to death, 25.

CORDUS, Valerius, a preceptor of Alexianus (Alexander Severus), 220. CORDWAINERS' COMPANY (workers in Spanish leather from Cordova), founded in London, 1410.

CORFE CASTLE. See EDWARD II., k. of the Anglo-Saxons.

CORFU, attacked by Bohemond, 1081

plundered by Roger, k. of Sicily, 1146recovered by the Venetians, 1149-attacked by the Turks, 1537-again, 1716. See IONIAN, or SEVEN ISLANDS. CORIA, taken by Ordonio, k. of Leon, 861. CORINTH, institution of the Isthmian

Games at, by Sisyphus, B.C. 1326-Aletes, son of Hippothus, one of the Heraclidæ, establishes his dynasty, 1068-succeeded by Ixion, 1033-Agelas, 996-Prumnis, 959-Bacchis, 925-Agelas, 889-Eudemus, 859-Aristodemus, 834-Agemon, 799-Alexander, 783-Triremes invented; Telestus, 758-governed for ninety years by an annually elected magistrate, called Prytanis, 745-teaches the Samians to construct triremes, 704 - war with Corcyra, 664-Cypselus usurps the sovereignty, 655-Periander, one of the seven sages of Greece, succeeds, 625mediates between Athens and Mitylene, 606 d. 586-Psammetichus, his nephew, becomes k., 586-d., the last of the Cypselidæ, and Corinth regains freedom, 581 -sends forty ships to Artemisium and Salamis, 480 and 10,000 men to Platea, 479-war with Athens-victorious in a sea-fight at Halia-defeated at Cecryphale, 458-battles in the Megarid, 457 -war with Corcyra, 435. See CORCYRA, and ATHENS.-Joins Athens, Argos, and Thebes, in a league against Sparta, 395 -battle of, the allies defeated by the Lacedæmonians, 394-again, at Lechaum-civil discord in Corinth, 393 -makes peace with Thebes, 366-Timoleon undertakes his Sicilian expedition, 344. See TIMOLEON.-The Greek States assembled at, by Philip of Macedon, to declare war against Persia, 337-Diogenes dies at, 323-battle of; Areus I., k. of Lacedæmon, defeated and slain, 265-set free by Aratus, and joins the Achæan league, 243-the Achæans, defeated by Metellus, make their last stand within its walls, 147-taken and destroyed by Mummius, 146-rebuilt by Julius Cæsar, 46-the first epistle of Paul addressed to its

church, A.D. 56-the second, 58-another, from Clement, bp. of Rome, to heal its divisions, 94-another, to the senate and people, by the emperor Julian, 361-taken by Alaric, 396-plundered by Roger, k. of Sicily, and its silk-weavers taken to Palermo, 1146-taken by William de Villehardouin, prince of Achaia, 1246-the barony of, granted to Niccolo Acciaiuoli, 1358-his son, Angelo, mortgages it to his relation, Nerio, 1370-the emperor Manuel attempts to fortify the isthmus of, 1415-the sultan, Amurath, breaks through the fortified hexamilion of, 1446-taken by the Venetians, 1687retaken by the Turks, 1715-taken by Demetrius Ipsilanti, and recovered by the Turks, 1822-again taken by the Greeks, 1823, and remains part of their new kingdom.

CORIOLANUS, C. Marcius, named from the taking of Corioli, (time uncertain,) withdraws from Rome to the Volscians, B.C. 490 urges the Volscians to war, and leads their army to besiege Rome, 489yields to the entreaties of his wife and mother, and withdraws, 488, (placed at 457 by Niebuhr).

CORIPPUS celebrates the praises and consulship of Justin II., 566.

CORK, Perkin Warbeck lands at, 1492taken from the partisans of James II., by the earl of Marlborough, Sept. 21, 1690 -riot at, June 4, 1842-Queen's College at, endowed by Act of parliament, 8 and 9 Victoria, c. 56, 1845-visit of Queen Victoria, Aug. 3, 1849-exhibition at, opened, June 10, 1852 railway from Dublin completed, 1850- to Bandon, 1851.

CORN, distribution of, to 150,000 poor citizens of Rome, B.C. 50 provision is made for obtaining supplies from the other provinces of Africa, in consequence of the frequent commotions at Alexandria, A.D. 186-scarcity of, in England; acts passed to relieve it, 1757-embargo on the exportation of, 1766-act of indemnity for the advisers, Dec. 16-free trade in, permitted, during the scarcity in France, 1768-the importation of, prohibited by Mr. Robinson's Act, till the price of wheat is eighty shillings per quarter; popular tumults in London, 1815 -in bond, discretionary power granted to release, May 5, 1826-foreign, the duty on, regulated by a "sliding scale," Act 9 George IV., c. 60, 1828 — agitation against it begins, 1841. See ANTI-CORNLAW ASSOCIATION.-A new "sliding scale" introduced by Sir R. Peel, 1842; suspended, 1847 -- Importation Bill introduced. 1846-read a third time by the Com

CORNWALL, duke of, Edward the Black Prince, created by his father, 1337; the title, and the revenues of the duchy, have since descended to the heir apparent of the Crown; the arrears of these, claimed by George, prince of Wales, and refused by the House of Commons, 1802. CORNWALL, Mr., appointed Speaker of the House of Commons, Oct. 31, 1780-d. Jan. 2, 1789.

CORNEILLE, Peter, b. 1606-composes his first comedy, "Melite," 1629-produces his "Cid," at the Theatre François, 1636"Cinna" and "Horace" brought out, 1639 -first performance of the "Polyeucte," 1640-d. Feb. 17, 1684.

CORNELIA, chief of the Vestals, is buried
alive for having broken her vows, 91.
CORNELIANUS, consul of Rome, 237.
CORNELIANUS, Atidius, the Roman go-
vernor of Syria, defeated by Volagases,162.
CORNELIUS, bp. of Rome, 250.
CORNELIUS, bp. of Antioch, 129–143.
CORNELIUS, a Roman Gens, for which, see
CINNA, GALLUS, LENTULUS, NEPOS, RU-
FINUS, SCIPIO, SYLLA.

CORNICEN, Postumius Ebutius, consul of
Rome, B.C. 442.

CORNICOLA, Felice, master of the military at Venice, 738.

CORNIFICIUS, L., a Latin poet, and consul of Rome, B.C. 35.

CORNISH, alderman, unjustly condemned for high treason, Oct. 19, 1685. CORNWALL, with the western side of the Island, remains in possession of the Britons, 586-its tin-mines flourish, 1233insurrection in, 1497. See AUDLEY, lord. -Some Spaniards land in, and are defeated, 1595-the Stannary courts abolished by the Long Parliament, 1641. CORNWALL, Richard, earl of, second son of k. John, b. Jan. 6, 1209-sent by his brother, Henry III., to assist in defending Poitou and Gascony, 1225-quarrels with him for a manor belonging to his earldom, 1227--visits Palestine, redeems Jerusalem, and induces the sultan to conclude a truce, 1240-employed by the emperor Frederic II. to negotiate with pope Gregory IX., 1241-refuses the crown of Sicily, offered to him by pope Alexander IV., 1255-elected k. of the Romans, and crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle, 1257-returns to England, and swears to observe the "Provisions of Oxford," 1259-taken prisoner by the barons in the battle of Lewes, 1264-released, 1265 --visits Germany, and regulates the tolls on the Rhine, 1269-d. at Berkhamstead, Dec. 12, 1271.

of), b. 1738- takes Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 1777-defeats Gates at Camden, Aug. 16, 1780 defeats Green at Guildford, March 16, 1781-surrenders to Washington, at Yorktown, Oct. 29-appointed governor-general of India, Feb. 24, 1786 -defeats Tippoo Saib, May 15, 1791again defeats him, and compels him to make peace, March 19, 1792 - retires from office, 1793-receives the freedom of London, and a pension of £5,000 a-year from the East India Company, 1794appointed viceroy of Ireland, June 20, 1798-publishes an amnesty, and discourages the violence of the Orangemen- - reappointed governor-general of India, 1804-d. at Ghazipore, Oct. 5, 1805. CORBUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 306. CORCEBUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 776. See OLYMPIADS.

CORON taken from the Venetians by the Turks, 1500-retaken by the Venetians, 1685.

CORONATION BANQUET, discontinued by William IV., 1831.

CORONATION OATH settled in a new form for William III. and Mary, 1689. CORONATION STONE, from Scone, placed in Westminster Abbey, 1296.

CORONEA, battles of-the Athenians defeated by the Boeotians, B.C. 447; and the Grecian confederates, by Agesilaus II., k. of Lacedæmon, 392.

CORONUS, K. of Sicyon, according to Pausanias, B.C. 1560.

CORPORATION ACT, passed, Dec. 20, 1661rigorously enforced, 1662- meeting of dissenters, to petition for its repeal. Jan. 5, 1787. See BEAUFOY, and COMMONS, House of.-Repealed, 1828. CORPORATIONS. See CHARTERS. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. See OXFORD. CORPUS CHRISTI, or BENEDICT COLLEGE. See CAMBRIDGE. CORREGIO, Antonio Allegri, head of the school of Parma, b. 1494-d. 1534. CORRESPONDING SOCIETY, London. See CoPENHAGEN FIELDS.-The committee arrested, Apr. 20, 1798. CORRY, admiral, sails from Spithead with the second division of the Baltic fleet, March 16, 1854.

CORSICA, the ancient Cyrnos, subject to Carthage, B.C. 550-attacked by L. Corn. Scipio, consul of Rome, who carries off many captives and rich spoil, 259-given up to the Romans, 238-strives to throw off the yoke, 234-finally subjugated, 231 -a Roman prætor appointed for, 227-a Vandal fleet destroyed on its coast by Ricimer, A.D. 456-attacked by the Saracens, who are repulsed, 807-809-again attacked by them; defended by Boniface of Tuscany, 828-taken by them, when many thousand refugees are planted by Pope Leo IV. in the deserted city of Porto, 852. See ADALBERT, son of Berenger.-Taken by the Genoese, 1050-given by pope Boniface VIII. to James II. of Aragon, but never occupied by him, 1297-great part of, conquered from the Genoese by the French and Turks, 1553-recovered by Andrew Doria, 1554-revolts against the Genoese, 1730-an independent republic erected by Hiacinto Paoli, 1735-baron Neuhof, a Prussian, arrives, and is chosen king, by the title of Theodore I., 1736-French auxiliaries, invited by the Genoese, arrive, and put him to flight, Hiacinto maintains the contest, 1738-the French reduce nearly the whole island, 1739Pascal Paoli heads a new revolt, 1754death of Theodore, 1756 the island ceded by Genoa to France, 1768-brought by Pascal Paoli under the dominion of Great Britain, June 18, 1794-a parliament assembled, Feb. 9, 1795-insurrection, June 8, 1796 abandoned by the British, Aug. 22, 1796- re-occupied by the French, Oct. 22. CORSINI, Lorenzo, cardinal, elected pope, July 12, 1730. See CLEMENT XII., pope. CORTENUOVA, battle of; the Milanese defeated by the emperor Frederic II., Nov. 27, 1237.

CORTE REAL, a Portuguese navigator, explores the gulf of St. Lawrence and Labrador, as far as Hudson's Bay, 1500. CORTES, the Portuguese, assemble under the charter of Pedro IV., Oct. 30, 1826apply to Great Britain for assistance against the Absolutists; suppressed by Miguel, 1828-restored, 1833. CORTES, the Spanish, a faint image of the ancient Gothic Councils of Toledo. See COUNCILS.-Preserved by the refugees of the Asturian mountains. See ASTURIAS.-Gradually developed, first in Castile, and then in the other Spanish kingdoms, consisted generally of Three Estates, Clergy, Nobles, and Citizens-in Castile, cities send deputies, 1169-43 are represented, 1188-only 12 in 1422dissolved by the emperor Charles V., 1539

-gradually abolished by Philip III., 1598 convoked by the Spanish Junta, Feb. 1, 1810-assemble at Cadiz, Sept. 24-proclaim a free constitution for Spain, Mar. 19, 1812-abolish the Inquisition, 1813dissolved by Ferdinand VII., 1814-convoked by him; meet, July 9, 1820-unable to offer effectual resistance to the French, retire to Seville, and thence to Cadiz-give Ferdinand liberty, Oct. 1, 1823-again abolished, Nov. 7-restored, 1834-proclaim qu. Isabella of age, Nov. 8, 1843.

CORTEZ, Fernando, attacks Mexico, 1519— takes the city, and puts the emperor Montezuma to death; but is obliged to abandon it, 1520-completes the conquest of the country, 1521. CORTICELLA, battle of; Eccelino da Ro mano defeats the papal forces, Aug. 30, 1258. CORTONA, Pietro da, the painter, b. 1596-. d. 1669.

CORUNCANIUS, Tib., consul of Rome, B.C.

280.

CORUNNA (the Groyne), John of Gaunt lands at, to invade Castile, July 25, 1386 -British troops land at, Oct. 25, 1808'battle of; sir John Moore defeats the French marshal, Soult, but falls in the engagement; his army re-embarks, Jan. 14, 1809.

CORVÉE, or forced labour; unsuccessful attempt of the emperor Joseph II. to relieve the peasantry from, 1775—abolished in France, 1789.

CORVINUS, consul of Rome, 45.
CORVINUS, M. Valerius, consul of Rome,
B.C. 289.

CORVINUS, M. Valerius Messalla, b. B.c. 60; studies at Athens, 45-proscribed by the second triumvirate, 43-defeats the Salassi, 34-consul of Rome 31-the last of the old republican party-d. A.D. 11. CORVINUS. See MATTHIAS CORVINUS, K. of Hungary.

CORVUS, M. Valerius, consul of Rome, B.C. 348,346, II.; 343, III.-commands against the Samnites, 342 - appeases plebeian commotions, 341-consul, 335, IV.-dictator, 301-consul, 300, V.

COSA, in Etruria, colonized by the Romans, B.C. 273. COSENZA. See CONSENTIA. COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES writes his "Christian Topography," 548. Cosмo. See MEDICI, DE'; FLORENCE, and TUSCANY.

COSPATRIC, earl of Northumberland, rebels

against William the Conqueror, 1069. COSSACKS, first entry of, into Russia, 1444 -support a pretender in Russia, 1609-the Cossacks of the Don take Azof from

the Turks, 1637-oppressed in Poland, place themselves under the protection of Russia, 1654-overrun Poland, 1655make inroads into Poland, 1667-1672defeated at Choczim by John Sobiesky, 1673-claim the Ukraine, 1678-treaty of their hetman, Mazeppa, with Charles XII. of Sweden, 1707-they abandon him, and choose another hetman, 1708support the rebellion of Pugatchef, 1773. CossÆI, a people of Persia, against whom Alexander makes a winter campaign, B.C. 325.

Cossova, or Kossova, battle of John Huniades is defeated by the sultan, Amurath II., 1448.

Cossus, A. Cornelius, consul of Rome, B.C. 428-another, 342, 332, II.

Cossus, Cn. Cornelius, consul of Rome, B.C. 409.

Cossus, Cn. Corn. Lentulus, consul of Rome, B.C. 1.

Cossus, L. Cornel. Malug., consul of Rome, B.C. 459.

Cossus, M Cornelius, consul of Rome, B.C. 413.

Cossus, Corn., master of the horse, slays Tolumnius, k. of the Veientes, and dedicates the second spolia opima, B.C. 437. Cossus, Serv. Corn. Malug., consul of Rome, B.C. 485.

Cossus, P. Cornelius, military tribune of Rome, B.C. 415, 395.

Cossus, P. Cornel. Rutilus, military tribune of Rome, B.C. 406.

Cossus, A. Cornelius, plebeian tribune of Rome, B.C. 367.

COTIGNUOLA. See SFORZA.

COTTA, C. Aurelius, consul of Rome, de

feats the Carthaginians in Sicily, and obtains a triumph, B.C. 252, 248 II.-other consuls of the same name, 200, and 75. COTTA, L. Aurelius, consul of Rome, B.C. 144-others, 119 and 65.

COTTA, M. Aurelius, consul of Rome, defeated by Mithridates, B.C. 74-another consul, A.D. 20.

COTTENHAM, Lord. See PEPYS, Sir Charles. -Brings in a Bill for some reforms in the Court of Chancery, Apr. 28, 1836-resigns his office, 1841-re-appointed, 1846-resigns, June 19, 1850-d. 1851. COTTIAN ALPS, restored to the church of Rome by Aribert, k. of Lombardy, 707. COTTIN, Madame, d. 1808.

COTTLE, Joseph, b. 1769-d. 1853. COTTON, Sir Charles, procures the surrender of a Russian fleet in the Tagus, Sept. 3, 1808.

COTTON, Sir Robert, the collector of the Cottonian Library, b. 1570-d. 1631. COTYS, appointed by Caligula k. of the Lesser Armenia, 38.

Corys, k. of Thrace, assassinated, B.C. 360. COUNCIL, Orders in. See CONTINENTAL

SYSTEM.

COUNCIL OF TEN. See VENICE. COUNCILS, General- the FIRST, held at Nice, by the emperor Constantine, condemns the doctrines of Arius, and adopts the Nicene creed, June 10 to Aug. 25, 325.

The SECOND, at Constantinople - a scene of turbulence and ambitious strife, from May to July 30, 381-causes Gregory Naz. to resign his patriarchate in disgust.

The THIRD, at Ephesus, where the violence of Cyril obtains the deposition of Nestorius, June 2 to July 31, 431. -The FOURTH, called by the emperor Marcian, at Chalcedon, transferred to Nice-annuls the Acts of the "Robber Synod," and deposes and banishes Dioscorus, 451.

The FIFTH, (second of Constantinople), condemns the works of Origen, and the "Three Chapters," from May 4 to June 2,553.

The SIXTH, at Constantinople, confirms all previous decisions against the Monothelites, and for a time reconciles the Eastern and Western churches, from Nov. 7, 680, to Sept. 16, 681.

— The SEVENTH, at Nice, decrees the worship of images, from Sept. 24 to Oct. 23, 787.

The EIGHTH, at Constantinople, confirms the deposition of Photius, and anathematizes all Iconoclasts, from Oct. 5, 869, to Feb. 28, 870.

The NINTH, (the eighth Lateran,) confirms the agreement made at Worms, between the emperor Henry V. and pope Callistus II., from Mar. 18 to Apr. 5, 1123.

The TENTH, (the ninth Lateran,) Apr. 20, 1139.

The ELEVENTH General, or third Lateran, (the eleventh held there), decrees that the true pope must be elected by two-thirds of the cardinals, Mar. 5-19, 1179.

The TWELFTH, fourth Lateran, (the twelfth held there,) against the Albigenses-decrees transubstantiation to be a doctrine of the church, and enforces auricular confession, Nov. 11-30, 1215.

The THIRTEENTH, held by pope Innocent IV., at Lyons, to depose the emperor Frederic II.-deputies from England declare k. John's Act of Submission to be invalid, June 8 to July 17, 1245.

The FOURTEENTH, at Lyons, receives ambassadors from Michael Palæologus -forms a temporary union of the Greek

COUNCILS, General-continued.

and Latin churches, and regulates the future proceedings of the conclave in electing a pope, May 7 to July 17, 1274.

The FIFTEENTH, at Vienne, in Dauphiny, proscribes the Knights Templars -condemns the Beghards and Beguines, and refuses to hear the charges of Philip IV. against Boniface VIII., from Oct. 16, 1311, to May 6, 1312.

The SIXTEENTH, called by the cardinals at Pisa, to heal the Schism of the West-deposes Benedict XIII. and Gregory XII., and elects Alexander V.three rival popes, Mar. 25 to Aug. 7,1409.

The SEVENTEENTH, at Constance, 1414 -1418. See CONSTANCE.

The EIGHTEENTH, at Basle, 1431 to 1443. See BASLE.

The NINETEENTH, (not considered a General Council by some,) opened in the Lateran by pope Julius II., May 3, 1512 -continued by Leo X.-reverses all the Acts of the Councils of Constance and Basle, and closes, Mar. 16, 1517.

The TWENTIETH, (or Nineteenth, according to some,) opened at Trent, Dec. 13, 1545-finally closed, Dec. 4, 1563. See TRENT.

COUNCILS, not General-held at

Adramyttum, or Adrymettium, on the Arsenite schism in the Greek church, 1283.

Agde, by Alaric II., the Visigoth, to check the growth of monachism, and regulate the discipline of the clergy, 506.

Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aquisgrana, 809 -to regulate the Benedictine priories, 816 on the marriage of Lothaire II., 862.

Alexandria, against Arius, 321-to ordain Athanasius, 326-by Cyril, against Nestorius, 430.

Ancyra, respecting apostates, 314.

Antioch, to depose Paul of Samosata, 264-to adopt an Arian creed, 341-to depose Meletius, 361-to restore him, 363-to depose all Arian bishops, 380.

Aquileia, by Ambrose of Milan, to depose the Arian bishops, Palladius and Secundianus, 381.

Ariminum. See RIMINI.

Arles, against the Donatists, 314-to condemn Athanasius, 353 - called by Charlemagne, 813.

Autun, excommunicates Philip I. of France, 1094.

Baccancelde, or Beckenham, 694. Bari, by Urban II., to condemn the doctrines of the Greek church, 1098.

Bourges, to order another crusade against the Albigenses, 1225-to frame the Pragmatic Sanction, 1438.

COUNCILS, not General-continued.

Brixen, by the emperor Henry IV., to depose pope Gregory VII., Jan. 25, 1080. Cæsarea, in Palestine, by the Arian prelates, to depose Athanasius, 334.

Calne, by Dunstan, 978.

Carthage, by Cyprian, to enforce stricter canons, 252-another, which provokes angry disputes, 256-against the Donatists, 403, 405, 411-against Pelagius, 416, 418-against appeals to the bp. of Rome, 425-to support Arianism, 484 -to claim restitution of church property, 535.

Chalcedon, Ad Quercum (Synod of the Oak), against Chrysostom, 403.

Chalons, sur Saone (Cabillonum), called by Charlemagne, 813.

Cividale. See CIVIDALE.

Clermont, by Urban II., to originate the first crusade, 1095-by Innocent II., against the anti-pope, Anacletus II.,

1130.

Cloveshoo, 747, 803, 822, 824. See CLOVESHOO.

Constance, 1094. See ADELAIDE, empress of Henry IV.

Constantinople, to restore Arius, 336 -to dedicate the church of St. Sophia, and support Arianism, 360-to decide on the claims to the bishopric of Bostra, 394 -to expel Chrysostom, 404-against Eutyches, 448, 449-a riotous meeting to condemn heretics, 518-to depose Anthimus, 536-to publish the Ecthesis of Heraclius, 638-the "Quinisextum in Trullo,"not acknowledged by the Western Church, 691-by the emperor Constantine V., to ordain the removal of images from churches, 754-by Irene, in favour of image-worship; violently dispersed by the people and soldiers, 786-to annul all decrees against Iconoclasts, 815-by Theodora, to restore the worship of images, Feb. 19, 842-by Photius, to excommunicate pope Nicholas I., 867another, Nov. 23, deposes Photius-to anathematize the papal legates, 1054-to annul the re-union of the churches concluded at Florence, 1450.

415.

Diospolis, against Pelagius, Dec. 20,

Duren, on the Roer, decrees the payment of tithes throughout the dominions of Charlemagne, 779.

Emerita (Merida), or Ildefonso, 666. Ephesus, the "Robber Synod," 449. Ferrara, called by Eugenius IV., to oppose the Council of Basle-the Greek emperor, John VI., invited to attend, 1437-opened by cardinal Nicholas Albergati, Jan. 8, 1438-removed to Florence, 1439.