DUPONT, French general, and his army, surrender to Castaños, at Baylen, July | 20, 1808. DUPPELN, the Danes defeated at, by the Prussians, June 5, 1848-the Danish intrenchments at, forced, April 13, 1849. DUPUYTREN, Guillaume, b. 1778-d. 1835. DUQUESNE, French admiral, engages the Dutch fleet in the Mediterranean, under De Ruyter, who falls in the action, Apr. 22, 1676-bombards Algiers, 1682; again, June 27, 1683-deprived of his commission by the revocation of the edict of Nantes, 1685-dying a Protestant, is buried in Switzerland, 1688. DUQUESNE, marquis, defeated and taken by admiral Osborne, off Carthagena, March 28, 1758. DUQUESNE, Fort, on the Ohio, founded by col. Washington, and taken by the French, 1754 recovered by brigadier Forbes, and named Pittsburgh, 1758. DURAZZO. See DYRRACHIUM.-Maniaces, the Greek general, killed at, 1043-attacked by Robert Guiscard, who defeats Alexius Comnenus there, 1081 - taken by the Normans, Feb. 8, 1082-Hugh de Vermandois lands at, and is sent a prisoner to Constantinople, 1096-besieged by Bohemond, 1107- he abandons the enterprise, 1108 taken by the Sicilians, but soon abandoned, 1185 surrendered to the fourth crusaders, 1203taken by Michael Angelus, who founds there the Greek despotat of Epirus, 1205 by the Ottomans, 1431 - seized by Scanderbeg, 1443 recovered by Mahomet II., 1478. DURAZZO. See CHARLES, duke of, and CHARLES, K. of Naples. DURAZZO, Louis, duke of, rebels against Louis, k. of Naples, 1357; reconciled to him, 1358. DURBEN, battle of; victory of the Lithuanians at, over the Teutonic knights, 1263. DUREN on the Roer. See COUNCILS. DURER, Albert, head of the German school of painting, b. 1471-d. 1528. DURHAM, the palatine privileges of its bishop originated by the grants of Guthred, a Danish Northumbrian prince-ravaged by Malcolm Canmore, 1070-attacked by sir William Wallace, 1298-battle of, see NEVILLE'S CROSS.-See of, divided, and its regalities given to the duke of Northumberland, 1553-reunited, 1554-palatine jurisdiction vested in the Crown, 1836 railway to Sunderland, June 28, 1839. DURHAM, earl of. See LAMBTON, John. Lord privy seal in earl Grey's ministry, 1830-prepares the Reform Bill, 1831 goes as ambassador extraordinary to Russia, July 3, 1832-attends the dinner to earl Grey at Edinburgh, Sept. 15, 1834 -a public dinner given to him at Glasgow, Oct. 29-appointed governor-general of Canada, Jan. 16, 1838-resigns, and leaves Canada, Oct. 9-d. July 28, 1840. DURSTADT, granted to Röric, a nephew of Harold of South Jutland, by Lothaire, emperor of the West, 850. DUSHAN, Stephen, prince of Servia, 1333supports John Cantacuzene, and lays siege to Serres, 1342-takes Serres, 1345 -d. 1356. D'USSEL, baron, b. 1747-page of Louis XV. of France, 1774-d. 1849. DUSSELDORF, taken by prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, 1758; by the French, Sept. 6, 1795-restored to Prussia, 1814-political disturbances in, May 10, 1849. DUTCH (called by others HOLLANDERS), a name formed by the English from Deutsch (German), and used by them to designate the people of the Seven United Provinces, after their declaration of independence, 1581. See HOLLAND, NETHERLANDS, UNITED PROVINCES, and STATES GENERAL.They commence their conquest of the Molucca islands, 1604-discover New Holland, 1606-draw the trade of Antwerp to Amsterdam and Rotterdam, 1609-build Batavia on the island of Java, and quarrel with the English factories, 1610-success of their naval enterprises against the coasts of Spanish America; found Manhattan or New Amsterdam, now New York-massacre of the English in Amboyna, 1624--found Essequibo in Guyana, 1627-settle factories in Malacca, 1640-discover Van Dieman's land, 1642-take possession of the Cape of Good Hope, 1650; fortify it, 1652 Brazil recovered by the Portuguese, 1654-colonial war with them continued-Calicut and Colombo taken from them, 1656-suffer from inundatious, 1717-oppose the Ostend East India Company, 1719- attempt to stop the East India commerce of the Danes and Swedes, 1733-decline of their trade and of their influence in Europe, 1760-complain of seizures made by British Cruizers, 1778-allow the American privateer, Paul Jones, to take his prizes into their ports, 1779- their ships cmbargoed in all British harbours, 1795; again, May 17, 1803-religious discord between them and the Belgians, 1817; increases, 1829; causes their separation, 1830. See HOLLAND. DUTLINGEN, battle of; victory of the Austrian general, Von Werth, over the French, 1643. DUTTON, John, prosecuted by James, duke | EANFLEDA, daughter of Edwin, king of of York, for defamation, and fined £100,000, May 3, 1684. DYEING. See BRITISH MANUFACTURES. DYER, George, b. 1756-d. 1841. DYER, John, b. 1700-d. 1758. DYNAMIUS, Consul of Rome, 488. DYRRACHIUM. See EPIDAMNUS.-After the conquest of Macedon, the Romans change its name, and make it their principal landing-place in Greece from Brundusium, 169-Pompey besieged there by Cæsar, who is at first repelled, but obtains possession, after the battle of Pharsalia, 48-taken by Theodoric the Ostrogoth, A.D. 479. See DURAzzo. DYSCINETUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 370. E EADBALD, Son of Ethelbert, succeeds him as king of Kent; restores the Pagan worship; is converted by Laurentius, archbp. of Canterbury, 616-d. 640. EADBERT, son of Wictred, king of Kent, succeeds, 725-d. 748. EADBERT PREN, king of Kent, 794-slain by Kenulph (Cenwulf, k. of Mercia), 796. EADBERT, on the resignation of his uncle, Ceolwulf, becomes king of Northumberland, 737-retires into a monastery, 757 -d. 768. EADBURGA, daughter of Offa, k. of Mercia, marries Bertric, king of Wessex, 787poisons Worr, the friend of her husband; he accidentally partakes of the cup and dies; she escapes to the court of Charlemagne, and dies soon after in great misery at Pavia, 800. EADGIFT, daughter of Edward the Elder, marries Charles the Simple, of France, 911-takes refuge in England, and brings her son, Louis, with her, 923. EADGITH, Sister of Athelstan, k. of England, marries Otho, son of the emperor Henry the Fowler, 930. EADHILD, another sister of Athelstan, mar ries Hugh the Great, count of Paris, 926. EADMER, abbot of St. Alban's, d. 1124. EADSINE, archbp. of Canterbury, 1038-resigns, 1044-returns, 1046-d. 1051. EAGLES delivered to the French army by Louis Napoleon, May 10, 1852. EALDBERT, (an etheling) attempts to restore the kingdom of Sussex, is defeated by Ina, king of Wessex, 722-is slain in a second attempt, 725. EANBALD I., archbp. of York, 780-796. Northumberland, b. 626-on his death taken by Paulinus into Kent, 633-Oswy, king of Northumberland, sends for her, and marries her, 651. EANFRID, son of Ethelfrid, divides the kingdom of Northumberland after Edwin's death, with Osric, but is overcome and slain by Cadwalla, 634. EANRED, son of Erdulf, last nominal k. of Northumberland, subordinate to Egbert and Ethelwulf, 809-d. 842. EANWULF, ealdorman of Somerset, concurs in forcing Ethelwulf to resign his crown, 856. EAPPA, a monk from Selsea, preaches Christianity in the Isle of Wight, 661. EARCONBERT, son of Eadbald, k. of Kent, supplants his elder brother Ermenred, destroys all idols in his kingdom, 640d. of the plague, 664. EARTHQUAKE, violent, in Achaia, B.C. 373. at Anazarbus, in Cilicia, A.D. 525. at Antioch, the consul Pedo, and many others perish, 115- accompanied by many days' darkness, 262-another, 458 another, begins in October, 525, and continues till the next May-again, 528; 554. in Asia, 63, 185, 358. at Berytus, 551. Brescia destroyed, 1222. nearly destroys Camerino, in the march of Ancona, 1279. in Campania, 345. at the Caraccas, 1812. in Chili, continues 27 days, 1731. at Constantinople throws down part of the long wall and its towers, 447-of forty days' continuance, does great injury, 480-another, 554; and 557-greatly injures the church of St. Sophia, 1346; 1800. at Cuzco, 1797. in Cyprus, 77. in Dalmatia and Albania; Cattaro and Ragusa destroyed, April 6, 1667. in the East, followed by a sudden rise of the sea, July 20, 365. — in England, 1048-Aug. 11, 1089-the most violent ever known there, Nov. 14, 1318. Nicomedia, 358, 557. at Palermo, Sep. 1, 1726; 1740. in Pontus, A.D. 499. at Port Royal, in Jamaica, 1692. at Quito, in Peru, Apr. 21, 1755; 1797. at Ravenna, 467. at Rhodes, the Colossus thrown down, B.C. 227-another, A.D. 152, and 178. at Rome, 225. in Sicily; Syracuse nearly destroyed, 1549; again, 1693. at Smyrna, 178. at Ternate, 1840. at Valparaiso, 1851. in Spain, 881; 1431. at Sparta, B.C. 464. in Syria, A.D. 341; 742. EAST, the trade of the, monopolized by the EAST ANGLIA, the Saxon name of the narrow tract on the eastern side of Britain, between the Wash and the German Ocean, comprising the present counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, with part of Cambridgeshire, constitutes the sixth kingdom of the Heptarchy, 571; or according to some authorities, 575. Uffa, the founder, reigned till 578. Titylus, son of Uffa, 578-599. Redwald, son of Titylus, 599--the fourth Bretwalda, 616-defeats Ethelfrid, and places Edwin on the throne of Northumberland, 617-d. 624. Eorpwald, son of Redwald, 624-converted to Christianity; murdered by Richbert, 627. Richbert, a pagan, occupies the throne, 627-expelled, 629. Sigebert, brother of Eorpwald, recovers the throne, 629-introduces Christianity, and founds schools; makes Felix bishop, and patronizes Fursey, 631. See DoммоC and CNORERSBURG. -Retires into a monastery, 632-called by his people to oppose Perda, k. of Mercia, falls in the battle, 635. Ecgric succeeds his brother Sigebert, 632 -attacked by Penda, defeated and slain, 635. Anna, son of Redwald's brother Eni, 635-654. See ANNA, king of East Anglia. Ethelhere, succeeds his brother Anna, 654-falls in battle against Oswy, king of Northumberland, 655. Ethelwald, next brother of Anna, king, 655-d. of the plague, 664. Aldwulf, son of Ethelhere, 664-713. Selred, 713; slain 746. (By some made king of Essex.) Alfwuld, 746-749. Beorna and Ethelred, or Ethelbert, 749758. Beorna alone, 758-761. Ethelbert, son of Ethelred, 790-treacherously murdered by Offa, k. of Mercia, who adds East Anglia to his dominions, 792. The people throw off the yoke of Mercia, and submit to Egbert, 823-Ludeean attempts to re-conquer them, is defeated and slain, 825-the marshlands infested by Danes, 838-invaded by a large body of them, who winter there, 866-Ingwar and Ubba take Thetford, and put Edmund, a titular king, to death, at Bedericsworth, 870--divided by Guthrum-Ethelstan among his followers, under a treaty with king Alfred, 880-defeat of Alfred's ships at the mouth of the Stour, 885-treaty concluded with the Danes by Edward the Elder, 906-revolt in favour of Edgar, brother of king Edwy, 958Ipswich ravaged by the Danes, 991under Swein they burn Norwich and Thetford, and are repulsed by Ulfkytel, 1004-they return, defeat him at Ringmere, burn Thetford again, and Cambridge, 1010. EASTER, the time of observing, first a subject of dispute between Polycarp and Anicetus at Rome, 158-between the eastern and western churches, 197-decided by the council of Nice in favour of the latter, 325-the dissidents receive the name of Quartodecimans, 326-disputed between the old British and the new Anglican churches, 602-a synod held at Whitby to settle it, 664-the monks of Iona and the Scotch church conform, 716. EASTERN or Greek church, first dissents from the Western by adopting the creed of the Arian bishops published at An- EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY opened from PIRE. (See the principal events under the name of each sovereign.) First taken as a separate jurisdiction for himself by Diocletian, 287- he places Thrace and Illyricum under Galerius, 293-abdicates, 305. Galerius, 305-gives up a part to Licinius, 307-Syria to Maximin, 308 d. 311. Licinius and Maximin divide the East, 311-Maximin defeated; d. 313-Licinius defeated by Constantine, resigns, 323. Constantine reunites the East and West -d. 337. Constantius II., his son, takes the East for his share of the empire, 337-sole emperor, 350-places Gallus over Syria, 351-puts him to death, 354gives up the West to Julian, 355-d. 361. The two empires held by Julian, till 363 -by Jovian, till 364-again divided by Valentinian, who gives the East to Valens, his brother, 364-killed in battle, 378. Theodosius I., 379-sole emperor, 392— d. 395. Final division of the empire between his two sons; the Eastern taken by the eldest. Arcadius, 395-d. 408. Leo I., the Thracian, 457-d. 474. Anastasius I., 491-d. 518. Maurice, 582-killed by Phocas, 602. Constantine III., or Heraclius II., 103 days. Heracleonas, 8 months. Constans II., 641-murdered, 668. Justinian II., restored, 705-killed, 711. 713. Anastasius II. (Artemius), 713-resigns, 716. Theodosius III., 716-retires into a monastery, 717. Leo III., the Isaurian, 717-d. 741. Constantine V., Copronymus, 741—d. 775. Leo IV., 775-d. 780. Constantine VI., and his mother Irene, 780-alone, 790 deposed by his mother, 797. Irene, 797-dethroned and banished, 802. Nicephorus I., 802-killed by the Bulgarians, 811. Stauracius, 811-d. in six months. Michael I., Rhangabe, 811-retires into a monastery, 813. Leo V., the Armenian, 813-assassinated, 820. Michael II., the Stammerer, 820-d. S29. Theophilus, 829-d 842. Michael III., 842-assassinated, 867.. EASTERN EMPIRE-Continued. Basil I., the Macedonian, 867-d. 886. Leo VI., the Philosopher, 886-d. 911. Alexander, 911-d. 912. Constantine X. Porphyrogenitus, 911— Constantine X., alone, 944-d. 959. Nicephorus II., Phocas, 963-assassinated, 969. John I., Zimisces, 969-d. 976. Basil II. and Constantine XI, 976Basil d. 1025. Constantine XI., alone, 1025-d. 1028. Romanus III., Argyrus, 1028-poisoned, 1034. Michael IV., the Paphlagonian, 1034-d. 1041. Michael V, Calaphates, 1041-expelled, 1042. Zoe and Theodora, 1042-retire. Constantine XII., Monomachus, 1042-d. 1054. Theodora restored, 1054 d. 1056. Michael VI., Stratioticus, 1056-resigns, 1057. Isaac I., Comnenus, 1057-resigns, 1059. Constantine XIII., Ducas, 1059 d. 1067. Eudocia, 1067-marries Romanus IV., Diogenes, 1068 - taken prisoner, and d. 1071. Michael VII., Ducas, 1071-retires as bp. of Ephesus, 1078. Nicephorus III., Botaniates, 1078-expelled, 1081. Alexius I., Comnenus, 1081-d. 1118. Isaac II., restored, 1203-murdered, 1204. Henry, 1206-d. 1216. Peter of Courtenay, 1216-d. a prisoner in Epirus, 1219. Robert of Courtenay, 1220-d. 1228. Greek Empire restored. John V., Palæologus, 1331-excluded, 1347. John VI., Cantacuzene, usurps, 1347- John V., restored, 1354-d. 1391. Constantine XIV., last emperor of the East, 1448-falls in the storming of Constantinople by the Ottomans, 1453. EAST FRANCE. See AUSTRASIA-Part of the Carlovingian empire till by the partition at Verdun, Germany, under this name, is given to Louis, son of Louis le Debonnaire, 843-inherited by his son, Charles, the Fat, 876. See GERMANY.The county of Franconia formed about 890. See FRANCONIA. EAST FRIESLAND, inundations in, 1446, 1717-acquired by the king of Prussia, 1744-claimed by George II. for Hanover, discussion amicably settled, 1753. EAST INDIA COMPANY, the Danish, formed, 1740. EAST INDIA COMPANY, the Dutch, formed, 1595. EAST INDIA COMPANY, the English, established, 1600-receives a new charter, Sept. 28, 1694-a new company formed, 1698; and, added to the old, constitutes the United East India Company, 1702charter renewed, 1730-disorders in its government of India corrected by Act of parliament, 1769 - increasing disorders cause a parliamentary investigation, 1772 -the civil administration regulated by a new Act, 1773- the charter renewed for thirteen years, 1781-Fox's Bill for establishing a new system, thrown out by the Lords, Dec. 17, 1783-the Board of Control formed by Pitt's, July 18, 1784a new charter throws open the trade to India, but continues the monopoly of that with China, 1813-charter renewed; the company ceases to be commercial, and remains only a political body-the trade with China thrown open, 1833. EAST INDIA COMPANY, the French, founded, 1740; broken up, 1770. EAST INDIA COMPANY at Ostend, founded by the emperor Charles VI., opposed by the Dutch, 1719; dissolved, 1731. EAST INDIA COMPANY, the Swedish, formed at Gothenburg, 1731. EAST INDIA DосKS оpened, 1806. EAST INDIA HOUSE, in Leadenhall Street, built, 1726; enlarged, with a new front, 1799. EAST INDIA STOCK, the dividend on, advanced to 10 per cent., Sept. 26, 1766; raised to 12 percent., May 6, 1767; which is rescinded by Act of parliament, June 24. EAST INDIES, first opened to the English by capt. Lancaster's private trading speculation, 1591. See EAST INDIA COMPANY, English; and INDIA. |