GEORGE I.-continued.

1725. The lord chancellor Macclesfield impeached for embezzlement and corruption, Feb. 13-fined £30,000, May 6— the Order of the Bath revived, May 27 -the k. embarks for Hanover, July 3treaty of Herrnhausen, or Hanover, between Great Britain, France, and Prussia, Sept. 3-the Highlanders disarmed, Oct. 15.

1726. The k. returns to England, Jan. 3 -opens the parliament, Jan. 20-misunderstanding with Spain, May 17-admiral Hosier prevents the sailing of the Spanish treasure-galleons from Porto Bello, June 3-the Spaniards attempt to blockade Gibraltar; Sir Charles Wager sent with a fleet to the Baltic, June 15 -death of Sophia Dorothea, of Zell, the king's consort, and mother of his successor, Nov. 2. See SOPHIA DOROTHEA.

1727. The k. opens the parliament, and announces the hostile designs of Spain and Austria, Jan. 17-Hessian troops are taken into pay, Feb. 13Sweden and Denmark join the alliance. of Great Britain and France, April 16Sir John Norris sails with a fleet for the Baltic, April 28-the k. sets out for Hanover, June 1-is attacked by illness on his journey, and d. at Osnabrück, June 11.

GEORGE II., k. of Great Britain (George Augustus), son of George I. and Sophia Dorothea, of Zell, b. Nov. 10, 1683-marries Caroline Wilhelmina of Anspach, 1705-birth of his son, Frederic Louis, 1707-while electoral prince, summoned to the House of Lords as duke of Cambridge, Apr. 12, 1714-prince of Wales, Aug. 1; governor of the South Sea Company, Feb. 18, 1715-defeated by the earl of Arran in a contest for the chancellorship of Oxford, Sept. 9; elected chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, Feb. 17, 1716-guardian of the realm in his father's absence, July 7; quarrel between them, Nov. 29, 1717. See GEORGE I.

1727. Succeeds him on the throne, June 11; proclaimed, June 15; the king and queen crowned, Oct. 11. See COMMONS, LORDS, and PARLIAMENT.

1728, Spain persists in hostilities, and besieges Gibraltar; the siege raised, and peace concluded, Apr. 23.

1729. Inquiry into the state of prisons, Feb. 18-complaints of Spanish depredations, March 14; the king goes to Hanover, leaving the qu. regent, May 17; returns, Sept. 12; treaty with Spain signed at Seville, Sept. 28.

1730. Walpole head of the ministry.

1731. Treaty with the emperor Charles VI., to guarantee the Pragmatic Sanction; the use of Latin in law proceedings abrogated by the Act of Geo. II. c.

26.

1732. Pacific speech on opening parliament, Jan. 13; sets out for Hanover; qu. Caroline regent, June 3; returns, Sept. 26.

1733. Neutral in the war of the Polish succession.

1734. Marriage of Anne, princess royal, to Wm., prince of Orange, March 14.

1735. The k. embarks for the continent, May 9; returns, Oct. 16. Sir John Norris sent with a fleet to Lisbon to settle disputes between Spain and Portugal, May 27.

1736. The king goes to Hanover, May 22; Porteous riot at Edinburgh, Sept. 7; Hessian troops in pay, Oct. 23.

1737. The king is compelled by stress of weather to land at Lowestoff, Jan. 14; dispute between him and the prince of Wales, Feb. 22; the prince removes to Kew, Sept. 10; qu. Caroline d. Nov. 20.

1738. Complaints of Spanish depredations, Mar. 28; a collision between the Hanoverians and Danes compromised, Oct. 4.

1739. Convention with Spain, not ratified by Philip V.; reprisals ordered, July 10; his ambassador leaves London, Sept. 5; war declared, Oct. 23; Vernon takes Portobello, Nov. 20.

1740. The k. embarks for Hanover, May 6; marriage of his second daughter, Margaret, to Frederic, prince of Hesse Cassel, May 8; admiral Anson sails for the South Seas, Sept. 18; sir Chaloner Ogle and lord Cathcart against Spanish America, Oct.; the k. returns, Nov. 18.

1741. Called upon as guarantee of the Pragmatic Sanction to support Maria Theresa, he places the Danish and Hessian mercenaries at her disposal; secures the neutrality of Hanover by agreeing to vote for the elector of Bavaria as emperor; goes to Hanover, May 6; failure of attack on Carthagena; letters first dispatched daily by post (Sundays excepted), June 24; the k. returns, Oct. 20.

1742. Retirement of Walpole, Feb. 11; the king mediates peace between Maria Theresa and Frederic of Prussia, June 11; and with the elector of Saxony; concludes a treaty with Prussia, Nov. 18.

1743. Departs for Germany, April 27; takes the command of the combined army at Aschaffenburg, June 9; defeats the duke de Noailles at Det

GEORGE II.-continued.

tingen, 16; on the recommendation of the earl of Orford, makes Mr. Pelham minister, July 26; public rejoicing on his return, Nov. 15; adm. Matthews, with his fleet, compels the k. of Naples to neutrality, blockades Genoa, and intercepts a Spanish convoy.

1744. The king informs parliament of the preparations in France to support Charles Edward, the young Pretender, Feb. 15; the armament destroyed, 24; war declared in London against France, March 31 court-martial on the officers of the Mediterranean fleet; some are cashiered; commodore Anson returns from his voyage with great treasure, June 14. See ANSON, George.-" Broad Bottom ministry; Pitt excluded by the king's personal dislike.

1745. The duke of Cumberland takes the command of the allied army in Flanders, Apr. 9; defeated by marshal Saxe, at Fontenoy, 30; the k. goes to Hanover, May 10; Louisbourg and Cape Breton taken from the French, July 17; two Spanish ships, with three millions of dollars, captured, July 10; Charles Edw. Stuart sails from Port St. Nazaire with a few partisans, 14, and lands in the Hebrides; the king returns from Hanover, Aug. 31; rebellion in Scotland; the Pretender proclaimed at Perth, Sept. 4; at Edinburgh, 16; sir John Cope defeated by the Highlanders, at Preston Pans, or Glaidsmuir, 21; adm. Rowley bombards Genoa, 26; Habeas Corpus Act suspended, Oct. 21; England unanimous to oppose the rebellion; 60,000 volunteer to take arms; the duke of Cumberland arrives from the Netherlands with part of his army; Charles Edw. enters England, Nov. 6; takes Carlisle, 15; adm. Rowley compels the Genoese to give up Bastia to the Corsicans, 17; the rebels at Lancaster, 24; the earl of Derwentwater and other Jacobites taken on their way from France and brought to Deal, 25; Charles Edw. at Manchester, 28; the duke of Cumberland at Lichfield; the rebels at Macclesfield, Dec. 1; at Derby, 4; general Wade at Wetherby threatens their rear, 5; they commence their retreat, 6; return to Manchester, 9; to Preston, 12; leave their English adherents to garrison Carlisle; arrive at Glasgow, 25; Carlisle surrenders, 30.

1746. The k. calls upon parliament to assist the Dutch, who are threatened by the French, Jan. 14; gen. Hawley defeated by the rebels at Falkirk, 17; the duke of Cumberland arrives at Edin. burgh; change of ministry; Pitt ap

pointed to office, Feb. 22; battle of Culloden, Apr. 16; the rebellion crushed. See CHARLES EDWARD, p. 168.-Marriage of princess Louisa to Fred. V. of Denmark; the admirals of the Mediterranean fleet tried for misconduct, June 3; the Highlanders forbidden to wear their national costume, Aug. 12; lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino beheaded, 18; inferior officers executed, privates transported; Madras surrenders to the French, Sept. 14; adm. Matthews dismissed, Oct. 22; Chas. Ratcliffe, earl of Derwentwater, beheaded, Dec. 8; expedition against L'Orient.

1747. Lord Lovat beheaded, Apr. 9; French fleet defeated off Cape Finisterre, May 3; forty ships taken off Cape Ortegal, June 16; the duke of Cumberland defeated by marshal Saxe at Laffeld, 20; victory of adm. Hawke off Belleisle, Oct. 14.

1748. The king departs for Hanover, May 13; cessation of hostilities proclaimed, Aug. 10; adm. Knowles defeats a Spanish squadron off the Havannah, Oct. 1; Boscawen fails at Pondicherry, 6; peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 7; the k. returns, Nov. 23; the prince of Wales and lord Bolingbroke direct the opposition to the articles of the treaty,

29.

1750. Riot at Tiverton against the introduction of Irish worsted yarn, Jan. 16; earthquakes felt in London, Feb. 8 and March 8; the k. goes to Hanover; excessive heat and great drought in England; discussions with France relating to the boundaries of Nova Scotia.

1751. Death of Frederic, prince of Wales, Mar. 20; a royal message recommends provision to be made for a regency in the event of the crown descending to a minor, Apr. 26; campaign in East India. See CLIVE, Robert.

14.

1752. The New Style introduced, Sept.

1753. Amicable termination of the discussions with the k. of Prussia respecting East Friesland and the Silesian loan; continued disagreement with France.

1754. Adm.Watson sent with a fleet to the East Indies, Jan. 22; the French encroachments in Canada continue; the remonstrances of the British ambassador at Paris disregarded.

1755. Preparations for war; troops sent to Virginia, Jan. 14; and a fleet to Newfoundland, 27; the k. goes to Hanover, 28; capture of the French ships Alcide and Lys; the French ambassador recalled; gen. Braddock defeated at Fort Du Quesne, July 9; general Johnson de

GEORGE II.-continued. feats the French at Crown Point; the king returns from Hanover, Sept. 15; treaty with Russia for its defence, 30.

1756. The Seven Years' War begins; British vessels in French ports seized, Feb. 17; and the French in British ports, Mar. 3; war declared, May 18; adm. Byng fails to relieve Minorca, 20; Calcutta taken by Rajah al Dowlah, and his prisoners confined in the Black Hole, June 18; Minorca surrenders, July 7; Fort Oswego taken by the French, Aug. 16; Pitt and his friends called to office, Nov. 11; adm. Byng brought to trial,

Dec. 27.

1757. Scarcity of corn in England, Calcutta retaken, Jan. 1; Rajah al Dowlah compelled to submit; admiral Byng shot, Mar. 14; Pitt and Legge dismissed, Apr. 9; the rajah again in arms, defeated at Plassy and deposed, June 23; Pitt head of the ministry, 28; disastrous campaign in Hanover, and Convention of Closter Seven, Sept. 8. See CUMBERLAND, Wm. Aug., duke of.-The isle of Aix taken, Sept. 23; the Convention renounced, and the command in Hanover given to prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. See BRUNSWICK WOLFENBUTTEL, p. 118.

1758. Naval successes in the Dollart, Mar. 14; off Carthagena, 28; in Basque Roads, April; in Senegal, 23; in Cancalle bay, June 26; at Louisbourg and Cape Breton, July 27; in the Indian seas, Aug. 3; at Cherbourg, 8; at the isle of Goree, Dec. 22.

1759. Surat taken, Feb. 19; Masulipatam, 7; Guadaloupe, 20; successful campaign in Hanover and Hesse Cassel; battle of Minden, Aug. 1; success in Canada; battle on the heights of Abraham; death of gen. Wolfe, and of the French gen., Montcalm, Sept. 13; Quebec surrenders,,18; the French driven out of the Indian seas, 27; Conflans defeated by Hawke at Belleisle, Nov.

20.

1760. Lally defeated, and Arcot taken, Feb. 9; Thurot slain and his ships cap-| tured, at Carrickfergus, 28; lord George Sackville dismissed the service by a court-martial, April 22; surrender of Montreal and conquest of Canada completed, Sept. 7; Geo. II. d. Oct. 25. GEORGE III., k. of Great Britain (George Wm. Fred.), son of Frederic, prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe Gotha, b. June 4, 1738-becomes prince of Wales and heir-apparent on his father's death, Mar. 20, 1751.

1760. Succeeds his grandfather, Geo. II., on the throne, Oct. 25; addresses his

first memorable speech to parliament, Nov. 18.

1761. Pondicherry taken, Jan. 16; changes in the ministry; lord Bute secretary of state, Mar. 25. See COMMONS, LORDS, and PARLIAMENT. - Belleisle taken by commodore Keppel, June 7marriage of the k. to Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg Strelitz, Sept. 8-coronation, 22-Wm. Pitt resigns, Oct. 5.

1762. War declared against Spain, Jan. 4-by Spain, 18-the French West Indian islands taken, Feb.; Granada, Apr. 6-lord Bute prime minister, May 29 Portugal assisted against Spain, June; the Havannah surrenders, and Cuba conquered, Aug. 14-Manilla and the Philippine islands, Oct.; preliminaries of peace signed at Fontainebleau, Nov. 3-the conditions condemned by Pitt; Wilkes attacks lord Bute in the "North Briton."

1763. Definitive treaty of Paris signed, Feb. 16-the naval and colonial supremacy of Great Britain established; lord Bute resigns, and is succeeded by Geo. Grenville, April 8-first proceedings against Wilkes and the "North Briton," Apr. 20-July 6-unsuccessful interviews with Pitt to form a government, Aug. 29 -the duke of Bedford prime minister, Sept. 9-progress of the British in India against the native chiefs; Patna taken, Nov. 6-contest with Wilkes continued, Dec. 6-24.

1764. The American colonies taxed, Apr. 5 the nabob of Oude, and the Mogul army, defeated at Buxar, Oct 22.

1765. The opposition of the colonies to the Act for taxing them noticed in the king's speech, Jan. 10-American Stamp Act passed, Mar. 22-first manifestation of the king's mental malady; Regency Bill discussed, Apr.; marquis of Rockingham minister, July 10 - treaty of Allahabad; Bengal ceded to the E. I. Co., Aug. 12-the N. American colonies resist the Stamp Act, and stop all trade with the mother country, Nov. 1-the West Indian islands submit.

1766. Stamp Act repealed, Mar. 8Pitt empowered to form a new ministry, July 12-enters on office, Aug. 2-the government much weakened by such frequent changes; scarcity and high price of bread; distress and riots; exportation of corn stopped; the winter unusually

severe.

1767. Resolution to impose duties on articles imported in British America, June 2-lord Chatham's popularity and health decline; riots continue from distress, Oct. Nov.-lord North chancellor

GEORGE III.-continued.

of the exchequer, Dec. 1-public prayers for the king and royal family in Roman Catholic chapels, discontinued in 1688, renewed, Dec. 20.

1768. The duke of Grafton prime minister; lord Chatham privy seal. Jan. 20-a new contest with Wilkes agitates the country, and causes riots. See WILKES, John.-Visit of Christian VII., king of Denmark, Sept. 23-lord Chatham resigns, Oct. 15-and the earl of Shelburne, 21-the Americans resist the taxes imposed on them; tumults in Boston; gen. Gage sent to coerce them; Royal Academy founded, Dec. 18.

1769. Public attention engrossed by continued disputes with Wilkes, Feb. 2Nov. 10-war with Hyder Ali in India ; treaty of peace with him, Apr. 4-Shakspear Jubilee at Stratford on Avon, Sept. 6-Pascal Paoli presented to the king, 24-first Letters of Junius published; first patents for Watt's steam-engine and Arkwright's spinning-frame.

1770. The duke of Grafton resigns, and lord North becomes prime minister, Jan. 28the colonial taxes repealed, except the duty on tea, Mar. 5-proceedings against Wilkes and the Letters of Junius; address of the London corporation; lord mayor Beckford's reply to the k., May 23-dispute with Spain respecting the Falkland islands, Oct. 27.

1771. The London magistrates release the printer of parliamentary debates, arrested under a royal proclamation, Feb. 15-the king's brother, the duke of Cumberland, marries lady Ánne Horton, lord Irnham's daughter, Oct. 4- Spain restores the Falkland isles, Dec. 14-Arkwright's second patent.

1772. The king's message produces the Royal Marriage Act, Feb. 20-commercial panic in London, June 16-first ef forts of Granville Sharpe for the abolition of the Slave trade; the Negro Somerset set free, 22-commotions in North America; extensive smuggling; a revenue cutter burnt; the marriage of the king's brother, the duke of Gloucester, to lady Waldegrave, publicly declared, Sept. 17-a fleet sent to Denmark to protect the king's sister, qu. Caroline Matilda, and convey her to Germany,

1773. War with the Caribs of St. Vincent's; visit of the k. to Portsmouth, June 22-cargoes of tea destroyed by the people of Boston in N. America, Dec. 18.

1774. The petition of the Massachu sett's assembly dismissed by the privy council; Dr. Franklin removed froin his

office of deputy colonial postmaster-general, Jan. 29-Charles James Fox dismissed from his office, Feb. 22-port of Boston closed, and gen. Gage again sent to America, March 14-he dissolves the Massachusetts Assembly, May 17-Act for the government of Canada gives religious liberty there; a splendid copy of the works of Piranesi presented to the k. by pope Clement XIV.

1775. Ineffectual efforts in parliament, and in the country, to urge conciliatory measures towards the Americans, Jan. 17-Apr. 10-first hostilities at Lexington; gen. Gage destroys the magazine there, Apr. 19-Union of the States, May 29. See AMERICAN CONGRESS; COLONIES, AMERICA, and UNITED STATES.-Outrages of White Boys in Ireland, Aug.-the duke of Grafton resigns office, Nov. 9all trade with the revolted colonies prohibited, 20-Benares ceded by the nabob of Oude; Samuel Crompton invents the mule for spinning cotton.

1776. Hessian troops hired to serve in America, Feb. 16-riots of weavers at Shepton Mallet to destroy machinery, July 10-treaty of Poorunda with the Mahrattas; France prepares to assist the colonies.

1777. Hostilities continue in America with varied success; Lafayette and other French officers proceed to take part in the contest, Apr. 4-lord Chatham again urges a change of policy, May 30Habeas Corpus Act suspended, Dec. 11.

1778. Regiments raised by private subscriptions; the common council of London refuse to concur, Jan. 16-alliance of France with the American States, Feb. 6-the British ambassador leaves Paris; embargo on French ships, and the militia embodied, March 27-the k. visits Chatham and reviews the First Royal Regiment, April 25-gives his consent to an Act for mitigating the laws against Roman Catholics, May 28-Pondicherry taken, Oct. 11.

1779. The new year's storm followed by long and severe frost, Jan. 1-Nopopery riots in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Feb. 2-Capt. Cook killed, 11-Act passed for the relief of Protestant dissenters; Oxford university petitions against it, March 30-a French attack on the island of Jersey repulsed, May 1 -hostile manifesto of Spain, June 16St. Vincent taken by the French, 17Senegal and Goree taken from them, Aug. 8-the French and Spanish fleets masters of the Channel, threaten to invade Eugland; besiege Gibraltar; riots

GEORGE III.-continued.

in Manchester to destroy machinery, Oct. 9-Irish volunteers demand freedom of trade, 12-agitation in Dublin, Nov. 15lord North's measures of concession to Ireland, Dec. 13-York county meeting to petition for economy, 30.

1780. Lord North refuses to present the petition of the Protestant Association, Jan. 4-meeting of Middlesex freeholders for retrenchment, 7- Rodney defeats the Spanish admiral Langara, and relieves Gibraltar, 16-Westminster meeting to reduce the public .expenditure, Feb. 2-ministers institute a commission of accounts; Dunning's resolutions on the influence of the crown carried, April 6-Rodney's victory over the count de Guichen, 17-the Protestant Association

meets in Coachmakers' Hall, May 29-their petition rejected; No-popery riots, June 2-quelled, 9lord George Gordon committed to the Tower; the dukes of Gloucester and Cumberland received at court, 15Hyder Ali conquers the Carnatic, Sept. 10-Laurens captured and sent to the Tower; his papers disclose the negotiations between the Dutch and Americans, Oct. 6-Hyder Ali takes Arcot, 30 -war declared against Holland, Nov. 20. 1781. The French land in Jersey, and are defeated, Jan. 6-the Dutch island of St. Eustatia taken, Feb. 2- Demerara and Essequibo surrender; lord George Gordon tried for high treason, and aequitted, 5-Hyder Ali defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, July 1-battle off the Doggerbank, Aug. 5-Hyder Ali again defeated, 27-Negapatam taken; treaty of Chunar with the nabob of Oude, Sept. 19-lord Cornwallis surrenders to gen. Washington, Oct. 29-meetings of the London Common Conncil and other influential bodies, to condemn the government policy, Dec. 6-the ministerial majority falls off, 12-the Cabinet abandons the idea of subduing the Americans, 14-convention of the Irish volunteers at Dungarvan.

1782. The k. refuses to receive the London remonstrance on the throne; indignant resolutions of the Livery, Jan. 31-Minorca taken by the Spaniards, Feb. 5-lord North resigns, March 19marquis of Rockingham, prime minister, Fox, foreign_secretary, 30 - Rodney's victory over De Grasse, Apr. 12-Hyder Ali defeated, June 2-marquis of Rockingham, d. July 1-lord Shelburne, prime minister; Fox resigns; W. Pitt, chancellor of the Exchequer; attack of the

French and Spaniards on Gibraltar repulsed, Sept. 13-Great Britain acknowledges the independence of the U.S., and concludes a treaty of peace with them, Nov. 30-Royal George founders at Spithead.

1783. Peace with France and Spain, Jan. 20-militia disbanded, Feb. 1--Order of St. Patrick instituted, 5-coalition of Fox and North; their ministry formed, Apr. 2-trade with America regulated by an order of council, Sept. 5-peace proclaimed, 15-convention of Irish volunteers at Dublin, Nov. 10-Fox's India Bills introduced, 18-interview of lord Temple with the k., Dec. 11-coalition ministry dismissed, 18-Wm. Pitt, prime minister, 23.

1784. Struggle of the new ministry. See COMMONS, House of.-Pitt popular; thanks of the London Common Council voted to him, Jan. 10-obtains the support of the country by a new parliament, May 18-attempt to assemble a national congress in Dublin, June 7-riots at Edinburgh from the high price of corn, 10-restoration of the estates forfeited in 1745; Board of Control established for the government of India, July 9treaty of Mangalore with Tippoo Saib; great increase of trade with the U.S.; letters conveyed by mail-coaches.

1785. English newspapers prohibited in France, Jan. 1-John Adams, U.S. ambassador, presented to the k., June 1 -trial of Dr. Shipley, dean of St. Asaph, Aug. 6.

1786. Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Apr. 4-attempt of Margaret Nicholson to stab the k., Aug. 2-royal visit to Oxford, 16--Board of Trade appointed, Sept. 2-commercial treaty with France, 26-colony of Sierra Leone founded, Dec. 9.

1787. Dissenters petition for the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, Jan. 5-the articles against Warren Hastings presented at the bar of the Lords, May 10-first convicts sent to New South Wales, 23-bishopric of Nova Scotia erected, Aug. 11-a fleet sent to support the Statholder, Oct. 30-riot at Worcester to prevent the spinning of wool by machinery, Dec. 1.

1788. Petition of the London Commen Conncil for the abolition of the Slave trade, Feb. 1-trial of Warren Hastings begins, 13-royal visit to Cheltenham, June 12-symptoms of the king's mental malady, Oct.-celebration of the centenary of the revolution, Nov. 5-the king's illness publicly known, 12-re