HENRY VII.-continued. Britanny, 1489-leagues with Maximilian against Charles VIII. of France, 1491-lands at Calais, Oct. 2, 1492-besieges Boulogne, but soon makes peace for a sum of money; Perkin Warbeck lands at Cork, and gains partisans, 1492— many of the English nobility concert measures in his favour; sir Robert Clifford discovers and betrays the imposture, 1493. The plot having been encouraged in Flanders, Henry stops the trade of that country with England; sir Wm. Stanley and other supporters of the pretender condemned and executed; Poyning's Act passed in Ireland, 1494-Warbeck having failed in Kent and Ireland, retires first to Flanders and then to Scotland, where he marries Katharine Gordon, daughter of the earl of Huntley, 1495 is repulsed with his Scotch supporters in Northumberland; Cabot and his son sent out on their voyage, 1496insurrection of lord Audley in Cornwall; he marches into Kent, is defeated on Blackheath, and executed; Warbeck dismissed from Scotland; the Flemings refuse to admit him, and are allowed to resume their trade; he finds adherents in the West; is foiled at Exeter, and takes refuge in the sanctuary at Beaulieu, 1497-surrenders; confesses his imposture; his life is spared; he is exposed to the derision of the populace, and confined in the Tower, 1498-plots with the earl of Warwick to escape; is hanged at Tyburn; and the earl, the last male of the Plantagenets, beheaded, 1499. To avoid the plague, Henry takes his family to Calais; has an interview with Philip, gov. of the Netherlands, to whose just-born son, Charles, he projects a treaty of marriage with his daughter, Mary, 1500-marriage of Arthur, prince of Wales, to Katharine, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and of the princess Margaret to James IV., k. of Scotland, 1501-death of Arthur, Apr. 2, 1502 Henry builds his chapel in Westminster; Cabot returns, and encourages other adventurers to go out; death of queen Elizabeth, Feb. 11,1503-dispensation obtained from pope Julius II. for the marriage of Henry, prince of Wales, to his brother's widow, Katharine; Empson and Dudley employed to extort money, 1503. See COMMONS, House of.The intrigues of the earl of Suffolk in Flanders cause many arrests and some executions in England, 1505-Philip and Joanna, on their way to Spain, are entertained at Windsor; projected mar riage of Henry to Philip's sister, Margaret; Suffolk given up and committed to the Tower, 1506-death of Henry at Richmond, April 21, 1509-his chapel at Westminster repaired, 1807. HENRY VIII., k. of England, son of Henry VII. and Elizabeth of York, b. June 28, 1491-becomes prince of Wales on the death of his brother, Arthur, whose widow, Katharine, his father wishes him to marry; dispensation obtained for the marriage, 1502-at the desire of his father, he enters a secret protest against it, June 27, 1505. Succeeds to the throne, April 22, 1509marries Katharine of Arragon, June 7; they are crowned, 24; prosecution of Empson, Dudley, and their accomplices; they are executed, Aug. 17, 1510-his court a scene of gaiety; Wolsey introduced, 1510 -joins the Holy League against France, 1511-declares war, and sends an army to Fontarabia, which returns, 1512-invades France in person, June 30, 1513-gains the victory of Guinegate (battle of Spurs), Aug. 16; takes Terouanne and Tournay, Sept. 24; returns to England, Nov. 24; battle of Flodden Field; James IV. of Scotland defeated and slain by the earl of Surrey, Sept. 9; Henry declines to prosecute the war against Scotland, 1513 -makes peace with France, Aug. 7, 1514 -his sister, Mary, marries Louis XII., Oct.9; and, after his death, Charles Brandon; they are kindly received by Henry and Katharine; Wolsey made cardinal, papal legate, and lord chancellor, 1515. Henry gives a refuge to his sister, Margaret, from the troubles in Scotland, 1516 -resides at Oxford, to avoid the sweating sickness in London; checks the proceedings of Wolsey's legatine court; restores Tournay to Francis, and makes a treaty of marriage for his infant daughter, Mary, with the dauphin, Dec. 16, 1518-becomes a candidate for the empire, but withdraws; inclines to the alliance of France, 1519-entertains the emperor Charles V. in England, May 25; meets Francis at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, June 3-24, 1520-and Charles again, at Calais, July 14; offers to mediate between Francis and Charles; duke of Buckingham beheaded; writes against Luther, and receives from the pope the title of " Defender of the Faith," 1521-makes war on France, and on Scotland, 1522-assembles a parliament. See COMMONS, house of. Is inspired with doubts, by Wolsey, concerning the legality of his marriage with Katharine, 1525-accedes to the treaty of Cognac, 1526-new treaty with France; HENRY VIII.-continued. the question of the king's marriage publicly discussed, and Dr. Knight sent to negotiate with pope Clement VII. on the subject, 1527-cardinals Campeggio and Wolsey appointed to try the cause, 1528the cause removed to Rome, by Katharine's appeal; fall of Wolsey, Oct. 18; sir T. More chancellor; Cranmer advises an application to the universities of Europe, 1529- their opinions forwarded to the pope, with Henry's notice that he will admit no citation to Rome, 1530-recognised by the clergy as supreme head of the church; separates from qu. Katharine, June 14, 1531-refuses to attend the pope, or send a proxy to Rome; renews his treaties with Francis; marries Anne Boleyn, Nov. 14; adds to the endowment of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532. Cranmer's consistorial court at Dunstable annuls Henry's first marriage, and ratifies his second; Anne Boleyn crowned, June 1, 1533-these proceedings confirmed by Act of parliament, Jan. 15; decree of the pope and cardinals against them, March 23; Henry declared by another parliament Supreme Head of the Church: completes the final breach with Rome, 1534 persecutes all who deny his supremacy; puts Fisher and sir Thomas More to death; excommunicated by the pope, and the kingdom laid under an interdict; these fulminations are treated with contempt, 1535-Anne Boleyn falsely accused, and executed, May 19: the next day he marries Jane Seymour; union between England and Wales completed; insurrections in Lincolnshire and elsewhere, occasioned by the priesthood and the stoppage of alms from the monasteries, 1536- continued insurrections; lords Hussey and Darcy beheaded; death of Jane Seymour, Oct. 24, 1537. Henry disputes with Lambert on the corporal presence, and condemns him to be burnt; general suppression of monasteries and destruction of relics; conspiracy of cardinal Pole; Courtenay, marquis of Exeter, beheaded, 1538 -the law of the six articles passed; Cranmer's Bible published, 1539- Henry founds Trinity College, Cambridge; marries Anne of Cleves, Jan. 6, 1540 divorces her, and marries Katharine Howard, Aug. 8; an insurrection in Yorkshire, attributed to cardinal Pole, causes his mother, the countess of Salisbury, to be beheaded, May 27, 1541-bishoprics of Westminster, Peterborough, Chester, Gloucester, and Oxford founded; the history of Katharine Howard's early life revealed to Henry, 1541 - Katharine Howard executed, Feb. 12, 1542- Henry takes the title of king of Ireland; war with Scotland; defeat of the Scotch army at Solway, Nov. 24; bishopric of Bristol founded; treaty of marriage for Edward, prince of Wales, with Mary of Scotland; thwarted by the French party; Henry reconciled to the emperor; leagues with him against France; marries Katharine Parr, July 12, 1543. Restores his daughters to the right of succession; war with Scotland; the earl of Hertford takes Edinburgh, Haddington, and other towns; returns to England; Henry resists the attempts of Gardiner to prejudice him against the queen; makes war on France; entrusts the regency to her; lands at Calais, July 14; takes Boulogne, Sept. 14; besieges Montreuil, but, being abandoned by the emperor, returns to England, Sept. 30; permits the publication of an English Litany, 1544-has the revenues of the universities placed at his disposal by the parliament; the queen preserves them, 1545-peace with France and Scotland concluded at Campe, Jan. 7, 1546-Henry incorporates St. Bartholo mew's hospital; falls ill, but to the last protects Cranmer and the queen; causes the duke of Norfolk and the earl of Surrey to be attainted; the earl beheaded, Jan. 19; his father, the duke, saved by the death of Henry, Jan. 28, 1547. HENRY I., k. of France, second son of Robt. II., b. 1005-on the death of his elder brother, Hugh, becomes his father's heir, and succeeds him, 1031-is assisted by Robert, duke of Normandy, against the attack of Eudes, count of Champagne, 1032-d. 1060. HENRY II., k. of France, son of Francis I., b. 1519 marries Katharine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo, duke of Urbino, 1533-succeeds his father, Mar. 31, 1547 -visits Italy, but finds the principal States very averse to war, 1548-agreement for the marriage of his daughter, Elizabeth, to Edward VI., k. of England, 1550-Octavius Farnese, duke of Parma, invites his support against pope Julius III.; he stops the passage of money out of France to Rome, and recals all the French prelates from the council of Trent, 1551-enters into alliance with Maurice, elector of Saxony, takes Lorraine, and threatens to shake off the yoke of Rome; the pope submits, and leaves Parma to the duke, 1552-leagues with pope Paul IV. to seize Naples, 1555-makes a truce for five years with the emperor (Charles V.), Feb. 5; at the instigation of the pope, breaks the truce and renews the war, 1556-his army being defeated at St. Quentin (Aug. 10), he recals the duke of Guise from Italy, 1557 - peace of Ca-, teau Cambresis, Apr. 2; wounded at a tournament; d. July 20, 1559. HENRY III., K. of France, youngest son of Henry II. and Katharine de' Medici, b. 1551. See ANJOU, Henry, duke of.-On the death of his brother, Chas. IX., resigns the crown of Poland, and takes that of France, May 30, 1574 - by the treaty of Loches, or Beaulieu, gives religious liberty to the Huguenots; renews the civil war by placing himself at the head of the Catholic league, 1576-a sixth treaty with the Huguenots signed by him at Bergerac, 1577-the project of the duke of Guise to exclude the k. of Navarre from his right of succession, gives rise to the "war of the three Henries," 1584- the edict of Nemours revokes all the concessions made to the Huguenots; Condé, assisted by an En. glish fleet, relieves La Rochelle, 1585the k. becomes jealous of the intimate connection between the duke of Guise and Philip II. of Spain, 1586-cabal of "the Sixteen" at Paris; Henry of Navarre defeats the royal army at Coutras, under the duke de Joyeuse, Oct. 20; his German allies are repulsed at Vimori by the duke de Guise, Oct. 27; and at Anneau, Nov. 24, 1587-assassination of the duke de Guise, and his brother, the cardinal, 1588-the k. unites his army with that of the Huguenots to oppose the league, now headed by the duke of May. enne; he is assassinated at St. Cloud by Jaques Clement, July 31, 1589. HENRY IV., k. of France, son of Antony de Bourbon and Jane d'Albret, qu. of Lower Navarre, b. at Pau, Dec. 23, 1553--after his father's death, is educated by his mother in the Protestant faith, 1562becomes the head and hope of the Huguenots, 1569-Margaret of Valois, sister of Chas. IX., is offered in marriage to him, 1571-his mother poisoned, he becomes king of Navarre, June 10; is married to Margaret, Aug. 18; and saved from the Bartholomew massacre, 24, 1572 -quits Paris, abjures the Romish faith, and places himself at the head of the Huguenots, 1576-on the death of Francis, duke of Anjou, younger brother of Hen. III., and last of the race of Valois, he becomes lawful heir to the throne of France. See BOURBON, branch of La Marche and Vendôme.-The Guise faction, and the League, attempt to set him aside; "war of the three Henries," 1584. See GUISE, Henry, duke of.-Pope Sixtus V. attempts by a Bull to repudiate his claim to the throne of France, 1585-he defeats the royal army at Coutras. See HENRY III., k. of France. Succeeds Hen. III. on the throne, July 31, 1589-defeats Mayenne at Arques, near Dieppe, Sept. 21; the Guise faction try to supplant him, by calling his uncle, the cardinal de Bourbon, to the throne as Chas. X., 1589-he defeats the League at Ivry, Mar. 14; and lays siege to Paris, which the duke of Parma endeavours to relieve; on the death of the cardinal, Philip II. of Spain, in contravention of the Salic law, proposes his daughter, Isabella, as qu. of France; Chas. Emanuel, of Savoy, invades Provence, 1590-Elizabeth sends an English army to assist him, under the earl of Essex; they besiege Rouen, which the duke of Parma relieves; pope Gregory XIV. fulminates a Bull against him, 1591-another English army, under sir John Norris, arrives to support him; Clement VIII. refuses to let his ambassador enter Rome; the duke of Savoy checked in Provence by Lesdiguiéres, 1592. Henry conforms to the Catholic faith; Clement refuses to grant him absolution; Philip II. continues his intrigues with the League against him; the parliament of Paris protest against female succession and foreign interference; Elizabeth reproaches his abjuration; accepts his apologies, and enters into a new treaty of closer alliance with him, 1593-the duke of Guise, and the chief nobility of France, tender their allegiance to him; Paris, and most of the principal cities, open their gates; with the assistance of sir John Norris, and his English allies, he recovers the places in Britanny held by the Spaniards; attempt of Jean Chatel to murder him; the Jesuits are expelled from France, 1594-a reconciliation is effected with the pope; his authority gains ground in France; truce with Savoy; war with Spain; Picardy invaded, 1595. Elizabeth renews her treaties, and sends another army, under sir Robert Baskerville, to assist him; the pope deputes Alexander de' Medici to protest against his alliance with Elizabeth, and endeavours to make peace between him and Philip; Marseilles surrendered to him; the dukes De Mayenne, Nemours, and Joyeuse, submit; Maximilian de Bethune, marquis de Rosny, (duke of Sully, afterwards) becomes his adviser and prime minister, 1596-Amiens surprised by the Spaniards, Mar. 11; recovered by Henry, Sept. 15, 1597-treaty of Vervins, between Henry and Philip, May 2; Edict of Nantes, Apr. 13, 1598Sully restores the finances; Henry divorces Margaret of Valois; death of his mistress, Gabrielle d' Estrées, 1599-he marries Mary de' Medici, daughter of Francis, the late grand duke of Tuscany; conquers Savoy, 1600-peace concluded with the duke at Lyons, 1601-beheads the duke de Biron for conspiring against him, 1602-embassy of Sully to England; treaty with James I., for the support of the United Provinces, 1603-he mediates between Venice and the pope, 1607 -Charles Emanuel, duke of Savoy, endeavours to engage Henry in an attack on the duchy of Milan, 1609-Henry IV. is assassinated by the Jesuit Ravaillac, May 4 (14 N. s.), 1610-an equestrian statue of him presented by Cosmo de' Medici, grand duke of Tuscany, is placed on the Pont Neuf, 1614. HENRY I., K. of Haiti. See CHRISTOPHE. HENRY I., king of Navarre, succeeds his brother Theobald II., 1270-d. 1274. HENRY II., k. of Lower Navarre. ALBRET, HENRY D'. See See HENRY III., k. of Lower Navarre. HENRY IV., k. of France. HENRY of Besançon marries Theresa, daughter of Alfonso VI., k. of Castile, and is created duke or count of Portugal, 1095-his dominions declared independent, and his titles hereditary, 1109-d. 1112. HENRY, king of Portugal, son of Emanuel, b. 1512-cardinal and regent on the death of his brother John III.; allows the Jesuits to educate his nephew, Sebastian, and govern the kingdom, 1559-succeeds him on the throne, 1578-d. 1580. HENRY BRETISLAS, duke of Bohemia, 11931196. HENRY of Carinthia, k. of Bohemia, 13071310. HENRY of Valois, k. of Poland. See ANJOU. Henry, duke of, and HENRY III., k. of France. HENRY, K. of Sicily. See HENRY VI., emperor of Germany. HENRY, Son of Eric, Danish k. of Northumberland, slain in the wilds of Stanmore by Osulf, 949. HENRY, son of Conrad III., emperor of Germany, declared his father's successor, 1147 d. 1151. HENRY, son of Henry II., k. of England, b. 1153-contracted in marriage to Margaret, daughter of Louis VII., king of France, 1160-rebels against his father, assisted by the kings of France and Scotland, 1173-demands immediate possession of Normandy, 1182-d. 1183. HENRY, son of Frederic II., emperor of Germany, b. 1213. See FREDERIC II., emperor of Germany.-Duke of Suabia, 1219-elected k. of the Romans, 1220rebels against his father, 1234-submits, is degraded by the Diet of Mentz, and imprisoned, 1235-d. 1254. HENRY, brother of Alfonso III., k. of Portugal, quarrels with him and retires among the Moors at Tunis, 1257. HENRY, son of Richard, earl of Cornwall and k. of the Romans, made prisoner at the battle of Lewes, May 13, 1264-released, 1265-murdered by Guy de Montfort, in a church, during the celebration of mass, Mar. 13, 1271. HENRY, son of Albert I., emperor of Germany, sent by his brother, Frederic of Austria, into Italy with an army; on arriving at Brescia, learns the real nature of the party strife, marches back, 1322. HENRY of Anjou. See ANJOU, duke of, and HENRY III., k. of France. HENRY 1., of Lusignan, k. of Cyprus, son of Hugh I., b. 1221-succeeds his father the same year; joins the crusade of Louis IX. against Egypt, 1249-taken prisoner at Mansourah, 1250-d. 1253. HENRY II., of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, b. 1271-succeeds, 1285-gives the Knights Hospitallers and Templars a refuge at Limisso, 1291-d. 1324.* HENRY, prince of Aragon, son of Ferdinand I., opposes Alvarez de Luna, 1426-d. 1445. HENRY of Austria. See BAVARIA, Henry HENRY III., duke of Bavaria. See HENRY HENRY IV., duke of Bavaria, 1004-1008. See BAVARIA. HENRY V., duke of Bavaria, 1025-1047. HENRY VI., duke of Bavaria, 1052-1054. HENRY VII. (Guelf), duke of Bavaria, 1120 -1126. HENRY VIII., the Proud (Guelf), duke of Bavaria, 1126-1139. See BAVARIA. HENRY IX. (of Austria), duke of Bavaria, 1142-1153. See BAVARIA. HENRY X., the Lion (Guelf), duke of Bavaria, 1153-1180. See BAVARIA, BRUNSWICK, and GUELF. HENRY I., count of Luxemburg, 1086-1096. HENRY II., count of Luxemburg, 1136-1196. HENRY III., count of Luxemburg, 1226— 1275. HENRY IV., count of Luxemburg, 1275— 1288. HENRY V., count of Luxemburg, 1288-1297. HENRY I., duke of Suabia. See HENRY III, emperor of Germany. HENRY II., duke of Suabia. See HENRY, son of the emperor Fred. II. HENRY I., duke of Saxony. See HENRY, the Fowler, emperor of Germany. HENRY II., duke of Saxony. See HENRY VIII., the Proud, duke of Bavaria. HENRY III., duke of Saxony. See HENRY X., the Lion, duke of Bavaria. HENRY of Saxony, elector Palatine, 11961227. HENRY LOUIS, prince of Prussia, brother of Frederic II., b. 1726-distinguishes himself in the Bohemian campaign, and at Rosbach, 1757-commands a detached army in Franconia, 1758-penetrates into Bohemia, 1759-drives Laudohn from the siege of Breslau, 1760-d. Aug. 3, 1802. HENRY 1., duke of Lorraine, 940-944-his second son, Bruno, is the first duke of Brunswick, created by the emperor Otho I., 955. HENRY II., duke of Lorraine, 1608-1624. HENRY I., duke of Lower Lorraine, 1101— 1106. HENRY II., duke of Brabant, 1190-marries Isabella, widow of Henry of Champagne, 1198. See ISABELLA, daughter of Amalrich, k. of Jerusalem.-d. 1235. HENRY III., duke of Brabant, 1235–1248. HENRY IV., duke of Brabant, 1248-1261. HENRY, Count of Northeim, d. 1101. See BRUNSWICK. HENRY, the Wonderful. See BRUNSWICK, 1286. HENRY I., duke of Brunswick, 1478-conducts a reinforcement to the army of Chas. V. in Italy; the plague attacks his men, and he returns, 1528 d. 1532. HENRY II., duke of Brunswick, eldest son of Ernest I., inherits Wolfenbuttel, 1542 -1592. HENRY, Son of Ferdinand III., k. of Castile, quarrels with his brother, Alfonso X, and joins the army of Chas., king of Naples, at Tunis, 1266-comes to Italy, and is appointed senator of Rome, 1267assists Conradin's attempt to obtain the crown of Naples, and is taken prisoner in the battle of Tagliacozzo, 1268-is released after some years of captivity. HENRY, of Champagne, marries Isabella, widow of Conrad of Montferrat, who transfers to him her titular sovereignty of Jerusalem, 1192. See ISABELLA.-d. 1198. HENRY FITZROY, natural son of Henry VIII., by lady Talbois, is created duke of Richmond and Somerset, 1525-lordlieutenant of Ireland, 1530-d. July 22, 1536. HENRY, prince, son of James VI. of Scotland, b. 1593-prince of Wales, 1603 attends, with his father, a dinner at Merchant Tailors' Hall, 1606-Drayton dedicates his Polyolbion to him, 1611d. Nov. 6, 1612. HENRY, duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Chas. I., b. 1640-d. of the small-pox, Nov. 20, 1660. HENRY, Count of Hohenlohe, grand master of the Teutonic Knights, 1244—1251. HENRY, landgrave of Thüringen, elected emperor of Germany by the archbishops of Mentz, Cologne, and Treves, 1246 d. 1247. HENRY DE TRASTAMARE. See HENRY II., k. of Castile. HENRY of Viseu, son of John, k. of Portugal, b. 1384-promotes the study of navigation at Sagrez, near Cape St. Vincent, and sends out squadrons which discover Madeira, 1420-discovers the Azores, 1432-regent and guardian of Alfonso V., k. of Portugal, 1438-sends Peter Covilham and Alfonso Paiva overland to explore India; d. at Sagrez, Nov. 13, 1461. HENRY, bp. of Winchester, abandons the cause of his brother Stephen, and crowns Matilda, 1141-compelled to pronounce the decree of the council of Northampton against Thomas-a-Becket, 1164. HENRY, Dr. Charles, of Manchester, the chemist, b. 1776-d. 1836. HENRY, Dr. Robert, historian, b. 1718-d. 1790. HENRY of Huntingdon, historian, wrote about 1180. HEODWULF, k. of Northumberland, 572. HEPHÆSTION, the friend of Alexander, d. B.C. 325. HEPTARCHY. See BRITAIN. HERACLAS, bp. of Alexandria, 233–249. HERACLEA, built by the Megarians on the Euxine, B.C. 558-a station of the Gothic fleet in their second expedition, A.D. 259 -destroyed by Haroun al Raschid, 805. See NYMPHIS. HERACLEA, in Southern Italy, battle of; Pyrrhus defeats the Roman consul, Valerius Lævinus, B.C. 280. HERACLEA, or Perinthus, in Thrace on the Propontis, Diocletian proclaimed emperor there, 284-battle of; Maximin defeated by Licinius, 313-first commercial establishment granted to the Genoese by the emperor Manuel I., 1169besieged by the emperor Andronicus II. in his civil war with his grandson, 1321. HERACLEA, in Sicily, near Agrigentum, battle of; the Carthaginian gen. Hanno, defeated by the Roman consuls, Postumius Megellus and Mamilius Vitulus, B.C. 262. HERACLEA, in Ætolia, near Thermopyla, |