covered and punished, Feb. 2, 1745-re- | volt of the Maroons, 1795-a furious hurricane destroys immense property and 1000 persons perish, 1815-negro insurrection, Dec. 22, 1831-a temporary suspension of the Island Legislature, passed May 7, 1839. JAMBLICUS of Babylon, the dramatist, fl., 166. JAMES I., emperor of Haiti. See DESSA LINES. JAMES I., K. of Aragon, son of Pedro II., b. 1206-succeeds his father, 1213-acknowledged as liege lord of Valencia by the k. Abu Said, 1225-conquers the Balearic islands, 1232-attacks Valencia, 1236-takes the city, 1238-Denia, 1243 --Xativa, 1246-a part of Murcia, 1247his son, Pedro, marries Constance, dau. of Manfred, k. of Sicily, 1261-settles the division to be made at his death of his States between his two sons, 1262undertakes a crusade, and is driven back by a storm, 1269-wishes to be crowned at the council of Lyons, which is refused, because he had not paid to the pope the tribute promised by his father, 1274-d. July 27, 1276. JAMES II., k. of Aragon, second son of Pedro III,, on his father's death becomes k. of Sicily, 1285- succeeds his elder brother, Alfonso III., on the throne of Aragon, and appoints his brother Frederic regent of Sicily, 1291-by the treaty of Anagni resigns Sicily to Charles II., of Naples, 1295-joins the league against Ferdinand IV., the young k. of Castile, 1296 visits Rome, promises to make war on his brother, Fred.; recalls Roger de Loria from his service; gives his sister, Violante, in marriage to Robt., duke of Calabria; is invested by the pope with the sovereignty of Sardinia and Corsiea; and appointed to command a crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land, 1297-makes war on his brother with a fleet under Roger de Loria, 1299 -he divides Murcia with Ferdinand IV., k. of Castile, by the treaty of Campillo, 1305-unites Catalonia and Valencia with Aragon, 1319-claims Sardinia under the gift of Boniface, and invades the island, 1324-besieges Cagliari, 1325— d. 1327. JAMES I., k. of Scotland, son of Robert III., b. 1397-captured on his way to France by the English; succeeds his father on the throne, but is detained and educated in England, 1406. See ALBANY, duke of. Released, and marries a dau. of the earl of Somerset, 1423-murdered at Perth by his uncle, the earl of Athol, Feb. 20, 1437. JAMES II., k. of Scotland, son of James I., b. 1431-succeeds his father, 1437struggle between him and his nobles, he stabs the earl of Douglas with his own hand in Stirling castle, 1452-invades England to support Henry VI., and is killed at the siege of Roxburgh castle, Aug. 3, 1460. JAMES III.. k. of Scotland, son of James II., b. 1453-succeeds 1460- marries Margaret, daughter of Christian I., k. of Denmark, and receives the Shetland and Orkney islands as her dowry, 1469 quarrel with his nobles; his brother, the duke of Albany, escapes into England, 1479-prepares to invade England, 1482- the earl of Douglas and other lords hang his favourites, and imprison him, 1482-defeated by his barons near Bannockburn, and murdered in Beatons' mill, June 11, 1488. JAMES IV., k. of Scotland, son of James III., b. 1472-succeeds to the throne, June 11, 1488-receives Perkin Warbeck, and twice invades England in his cause, 1496, 1497-marries Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of England, 1501-is killed at Flodden-field, Sept. 9, 1513. JAMES V., k. of Scotland, son of James IV., b. 1512-succeeds his father, 1513-falls under the guardianship of the duke of Albany, 1516-banishes the Douglas family, 1528-refuses to join Henry VIII. against the pope, 1535-marries Magdalen, daughter of Francis I., king of France, who dies soon after, 1536-marries Mary of Guise, 1538-d. Dec. 14, 1542-his Household Book laid before the Society of Antiquaries, 1826. JAMES VI., k. of Scotland, son of Mary, qu. of Scots, and Henry, lord Darnley, b. June 19, 1566 his mother resigns the crown to him, 1567-Murray, regent, murdered, Jan. 23, 1570- the earl of Lennox made regent; James takes the government into his own hands, 1578seized by the "Raid of Ruthven;" he confirms and endows the university of Edinburgh, 1582-escapes from his coufinement; Walsingham's embassy to study his character, 1583 marries Anne, daughter of Frederic II., king of Denmark, 1589-birth of his eldest son, Henry, 1594 of his daughter, Elizabeth, 1596-the earl of Essex intrigues with him; birth of his son, afterwards Charles I., 1600-secret negotiations between sir Robert Cecil and James, prepare his way for the quiet accession in England, 1601-on the death of qu. Elizabeth inherits the throne, assuming the title of JAMES J., k. of Great Britain, March 24, 1603-crowned at Westminster, July 25; concludes a treaty with Henry IV. of France for the support of the United Provinces; Raleigh's conspiracy; the king's book, "Basilicon Doron," republished, 1603-he presides at a religious disputation at Hampton Court, which produces no result; his title recognized by parliament, 1604 the gunpowder plot discovered, 1605-parliament orders a new oath of allegiance, which Paul V. forbids English Catholics to take; new companies chartered, by which Virginia is successfully colonized, 1606-the king recommends the union between England and Scotland; maintains a controversy on the oath of allegiance with cardinal Bellarmine, 1607. See COMMONS, House of. Improves the government of Ireland, and offers the forfeited lands in the province of Ulster to Protestant settlers, 1608-mediates a truce between Philip III. of Spain and the United Provinces, by which their independence is recognized, 1609-his prerogative restricted by the Commons, 1610-Ulster settled by Protestants; creation of baronets; Robert Carre becomes the king's favourite. See CARRE, Robert.-Imprisonment of lord Beauchamp and lady Arabella Stuart; king James urges the States General to dismiss Vorstius from his professorship at Leyden, 1611-death of Henry, prince of Wales, Nov. 6, 1612 -resistance of the Scotch to episcopal jurisdiction; marriage of the princess Elizabeth to Frederic V., elector palatine, 1613-the Commons vote no supplies; the k. dissolves them in anger, and imprisons some of the members, they having endeavoured still more to abridge the power of the crown, June 6, 1614-visits Cambridge, where he first sees George Villiers, 1615. See BUCKINGHAM, George Villiers, duke of-Surrenders the cautionary towns to the Dutch, 1616-visits Scotland, holds a parliament there, June 13, and a meeting of the bishops and clergy at St. Andrews, July 10, 1617-on his return to England publishes his Book of Sports, and orders a more cheerful observance of the Sunday; Bacon, lord chancellor; proposed marriage of his son Charles with a Spanish princess, 1618-refuses to support his son-in-law, who had been elected king of Bohemia; death of qu. Anne, March 3, 1619-remonstrates against the seizure of the Palatinate; fall of Bacon; the k. tears the protest of the Commons out of their journals, 1621-dissolves the parliament, and imprisons several members; relaxes the severity of the laws against Roman Catholics; assists the elector palatine with money, 1622-the marriage treaty with Spain broken off, 1623-another begun with Henrietta-Maria, sister of Louis XIII., k. of France; a better understanding prevails between the k. and the Commons; war declared against Spain; unsuccessful expedition to recover the palatinate, 1624-James I. dies at Theobald's, March 27, 1625. JAMES II., king of Great Britain, second son of Charles I., b. 1633-created duke of York; confined by the parliament in St. James's palace, escapes to Holiand, 1648-serves in the French army under Turenne, 1655-in the Spanish under Don John of Austria, 1657-commands the fleet which brings Charles II. to England; receives £10,000 from the parliament; celebrates again his marriage with Anne Hyde, 1660the profits of the post-office and winelicences granted to him, 1663-he makes reprisals on the commerce of the United Provinces for damages done to English merchants, and captures many ships, Dec. 4, 1664-takes the command of the fleet against the Dutch, April 21; and defeats them off Harwich, June 3, 1665 -he avows his conversion to Catholicism, 1668-death of his wife, March 31; he publicly attends mass, 1671-refuses compliance with the Test Act, and resigns, 1673-the Commons address the king against James's marriage with Mary Beatrice of Modena, Aug. 20; the nuptials, urged by Louis XIV. and the pope, are celebrated at Modena, Sept. 30, N.S., the earl of Peterborough being the duke's proxy, 1673-in consequence of the excitement against Catholics, by the king's desire he removes to Brussels, Feb. 28; is recalled, Sept. 2, 1679-is presented in the court of King's Bench as a popish recusant; a bill to exclude him from the throne is brought in, and rejected by the Lords, Nov. 15, 1680-as high commissioner he opens the Scotch parliament, July 28, 1681-prosecutes John Dutton for defamation, May 3, 1684. 1685. On the death of Charles II. succeeds to the throne, Feb. 6; his secret advisers are Catholic lords, and father Petre; promises to maintain the exist ing laws, but breaks them by ordering the continuance of taxes which had expired with the late king, and by going publicly to mass, Feb. 9 and 12; his imprudence blamed even by the pope (Innocent XI.) and the Spanish ambassador; discharges imprisoned recusants by proclamation, Apr. 16; is crowned, Apr. JAMES II., k. of Gt. Britain-continued. 23; Titus Oates, Dangerfield, and others punished; rebellions of Argyle and of Monmouth, June and July; battle of Sedgemoor, July 6; Alderman Cornish and others of the king's former opponents prosecuted and condemned; the parliament offend the king by requesting him to appoint no more recusant officers. 1686. Judges dismissed, and replaced by others who give their opinion in favour of the king's dispensing power, April 21 June 21; many Romanists sworn of the privy council, and installed in various offices, July 17; a camp formed on Hounslow heath, and a Romish chapel erected there; an ecclesiastical commission opened, Aug. 3; Compton, bp. of London, suspended by it, Sept. 9; the earl of Castlemaine sent ambassador to Rome; the earl of Rochester dismissed. 1687. The university of Cambridge refuses to admit Francis, a Benedictine monk, recommended by the k., Feb. 9; all penal laws suspended by royal proclamation, April 4; the vice-chancellor of Cambridge suspended by the ecclesiastical commission, May 27; a papal nuncio arrives in England, July 3; the duke of Somerset dismissed for refusing to introduce him; the president and fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford, expelled for resisting the royal mandate to elect Antony Farmer, Nov. 16; Dr. Gifford, a Romish bishop, appointed president by the k., Dec. 31. 1688. James recalls the English regiments serving in Holland, but the States General refuse to comply, Jan. 17; a second declaration of liberty of conscience issued, April 27; ordered to be read in all churches and chapels, May 4; seven bishops petition against this order, May 18; they are committed to the Tower, June 8; birth of the king's son, James, (afterwards called the Pretender, and the Chevalier de St. George) June 10; the bishops are tried and acquitted, June 20; the earl of Shrewsbury and others hold a meeting to request the assistance of the prince of Orange, June 30; a secret association is formed among the officers of the army to resist the king's proceedings; the k. attempts, too late, to retrace his steps, and conciliate his subjects; he reinstates the bp. of London, and many magistrates who had been displaced, Sept. 26; restores the charter of London, Oct. 2; dissolves the ecclesiastical commission, Oct. 11; reinstates the president and fellows of Magdalen College, Oct. 12; and restores the an cient charters and franchises of the corporations, Oct. 17; the prince of Orange lands at Torbay, Nov. 5; arrives at Exeter, Nov. 8; and is joined by many lords and gentlemen, with a large military force; the k. advances against him, but is deserted at Salisbury by the duke of Grafton, lord Churchill, and a great part of his army, and returns to London, Nov. 24; is abandoned by his daughter, the princess Anne, and her husband, Nov. 26; sends the qu. and her infant son to France, Dec. 8; embarks himself at Whitehall, and throws the great seal into the Thames, Dec. 10; is detained at Feversham, and brought back to London, Dec. 16; conveyed under an escort of Dutch troops to Rochester, Dec. 17; embarks again, Dec. 23; and lands at Ambleteuse. 1689. Lands at Kinsale, in Ireland, and is joined by lord Tyrconnel, March 12; holds a parliament in Dublin, June 29; 3000 Protestants attainted, July 28. 1690. Leaves Dublin to join his army, June 16; is defeated at the battle of the Boyne, July 1; and returns to France. 1692. Projects an invasion of England, which is frustrated by the defeat of the French fleet at La Hogue, May 19. 1696. Comes to Calais with troops to invade England, which is prevented by the English fleet, March; d. at St. Germain, Sept. 16, 1701. JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART, son of James II., k. of Great Britain, b. June 10, 1688-taken by his mother to France, Dec. 8; on his father's death called James III., k. of Great Britain, by Louis XIV., Sept. 16, 1701-attempts to invade Scotland, and is driven back by sir Geo. Byng, March, 1708-is required by parliament to be removed from Nancy, June 26, 1713-goes to Paris, where Louis XIV. refuses to see him, Aug. 14, 1714-known in England by the name of "the Pretender;" is proclaimed k. in Scotland at Aboyne, by the earl of Mar, Sept. 3, 1715. See GEORGE 1., k. of Great Britain, 1715 -16.--Dismisses lord Bolingbroke from his post of secretary, Feb. 25, 1716-ordered to leave Avignon, retires to Milan, and thence to Urbino, Feb. 6, 1717 -invited to Madrid. See GEORGE I., 1719. Marries Clementina Sobieski, daughter of the late k. of Poland, and pope Clement XI. gives them a palace at Rome, 1719-birth of their son, Chas. Edward, 1720-conspiracy in his favour. See GEORGE I., 1722-23.-Philip, duke of Wharton, is in his service at Madrid, June 10, 1726-proclaimed again in Scotland. See GEORGE II., 1745-46; and CHARLES EDWARD, the young Pretender -d. at Rome, Dec. 30, 1765. JAMES, of Aragon, son of James II., the deposed k. of Majorca, third husband of Joanna I., qu. of Naples, who stipulates that he shall not assume the royal title, 1362-d. 1375. JAMES, earl of Douglas, defeated by James II., k. of Scotland, takes flight into England, with all the family, 1454-1455. JAMES DE BOURBON. See BOURBON, branch of La Marche and Vendome. JAMES, duke of Monmouth. See MONMOUTH, James, duke of. JAMESON, professor, b. 1773-d. 1854. JAMIESON, Dr., b. 1758-d. 1838. JANDUNO, John of, writes in defence of the emperor Louis of Bavaria, and denies the temporal authority of the pope in Germany and other countries, 1327. JANE, daughter of k. John, married to Alexander II., k. of Scotland, 1221. JANE, daughter of Edward II., k. of England, b. 1322 affianced by her mother to David, son of Robert Bruce, k. of Scotland, 1327-takes refuge in France with him, 1332. See DAVID II., k. of Scotland. JANE SHORE. See SHORE, Jane. JANE, queen of Henry VIII. See SEYMOUR, Jane. JANE, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, with Ferdinand, 1206-1233-alone, 12331244. JANE DE VALOIs, daughter of Charles IV., k. of France, marries William III., count of Holland and Hainault; their daughter, Philippa, affianced, 1325-marries Edward IIl., k. of England, 1328-Jane visits her daughter, and assists in bringing Flemish artisans to England, 1331mediates a truce between Edward III. and her brother, Philip VI. of France, Sept. 3, 1340. JANE DE MONTFORT. See MONTFORT, Jane de. JANE DE PENTHIÈVRE. See PENTHIEVRE, Jane de. JANE GREY. See GREY, lady Jane. JANE, duchess of Brabant, with Wenceslaus, count of Luxemburg, 1355-1383alone, 1383-1405. JANINA, in Albania, seat of Ali Pacha's government and revolt; taken by the vizir Churschid, 1822. JANISCUS, K. of Sicyon, B.C. 1265 (1240 C.) JANISSARIES, OF YENITSHERI, the infantry of the Ottoman army, originated by Orchan training Christian children, made prisoners, to form a body guard for himself, 1329-increased, and named by his son, Amurath I., 1359 - their insubordination draws Amurath II. from his retreat, and they are led by him to conquer the Morea, 1445-they refuse to obey Achmet, eldest son of Bajazet II., and make his youngest son, Selim I., sultan, 1511 - strangle Othman II., 1622 revolt against Mustafa II., 1703 depose Selim III., and raise Mustafa IV. to the throne, 1807-suppressed and massacred at Constantinople, June 14, 1826. JANOWITZ, battle of; the Swedish general, Torstenson, defeats the imperialists, 1645. JANSEN, Cornelius, bp. of Ypres, d. 1638. See JANSENISTS. JANSEN, Z., of Middleburg, improves telescopes, and brings them into general notice, 1591. JANSENISTS, advocates of Jansen's doctrines of Free-will and Grace, prevail in the convent of Port Royal, 1638-are accused of heresy by the Jesuits, 1650are condemned by a Bull of Innocent X., 1653-another Bull issued against them by Alexander VII., 1656-cause great confusion in France, 1711-Clement XI. denounces them in the Bull Unigenitus, which the French church rejects, 1713the controversy continues till the Revolution. JANUARINUS, consul of Rome, 328. JANUARIUS, Pomponius, consul of Rome, 288. JANUS, the temple of, closed for the first time since Numa, B.C. 235-by Octavius, 29, 25-by Vespasian, A.D. 71. JAPAN, the Portuguese admitted to trade with, 1542-Xavier and his fellow Jesuits arrive at Jeddo, 1549-ambassadors from, received by the pope (Gregory XIII.), 1585 — the Christians exterminated in, 1638-fruitless attempts of the Russians to enter into commerce with, 1806, 1812-of the English, 1839-expedition of the United States undertaken March 10, 1852-obtains by treaty commercial intercourse, 1854-ports opened to all nations, 1856-launch of a screwyacht to be presented to the emperor by qu. Victoria, Nov. 28. JAQUELEIN, Henri De la Roche, killed in the Vendean war, March, 1794. JAQUELEIN, Louis De la Roche, perishes in an attempt to support the Bourbon cause in La Vendée, June 4, 1815. JAQUELINE, daughter of Wm. VI., count of Holland and Hainault, and Margaret, daughter of Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, b. 1402-contracted to the dauphin of France, who soon afterwards d. by poison; on the death of her father, inherits his States, 1417-marries John IV., duke of Brabant, 1418-her uncle, John, bp. of Liege, attempts to deprive her of some of her lands, 1419 separates from her husband and withdraws to England, 1421-is kindly received by Henry V. and qu. Katharine, and is godmother to Henry VI., 1422 - obtains a papal decree of divorce from the duke of Brabant, and marries Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who endeavours by force of arms to obtain possession of her hereditary States, and is resisted by Philip III., duke of Burgundy, 1424abandoned by Humphrey, she is supported by the Dutch Hoeken, 1425 overcome, 1428 the duke of Brabant d. 1429-she marries Borsele, governor of the province, and is separated from him by Philip, 1432-passes her remaining days on a slender allowance, and, on her death, Holland and Hainault are annexed to Burgundy, Oct. 8, 1436. JAQUELINE of Luxemburg, married to John, duke of Bedford, 1432- he d. Sept. 14, 1435 - she marries sir Richard Woodville, 1436-receives her daughter, Elizabeth, widow of sir John Grey of Groby, at Grafton Castle, 1461. JAQUERIE, La, war of, or insurrection of the French peasantry, 1358. JARDIN DES PLANTES, at Paris, formed by De la Brosse; patronized by Richelieu, 1635. See JARNAC, battle of; Henry of Anjou defeats the Huguenots, Mar. 13, 1569. JAROMIR, duke of Bohemia, 1002. BOHEMIA. - Deposed by the emperor Henry II., 1012. JAROPOLK I., son of Swatoslans, great prince of Russia, inherits Kiow, 972after having slain his brother, Oleg, drives Wladimir, or Wolodimir, from his heritage, 979-Wladimir obtains the aid of the Sea-Kings, returns, defeats and puts to death Jaropolk, and becomes sole prince of Russia, 980. JAROPOLK II., great prince of Russia, son of Wladimir II., succeeds his brother, Mstislav I., 1132-d. 1139. JAROSLAV I., prince of Novgorod, son of Wladimir I., defeats his brother, Swatopolk I., grand duke of Russia, 1016-expels him, 1019-builds Dorpat, 1030attacks Constantinople, 1043 - marries three daughters to the kings of France, Norway, and Hungary, 1047-d. 1054. JAROSLAV II., grand duke of Russia, son of Wsewolod III., set up by Batou as a vassal of the Golden Horde, 1238-his Bon, Alexander Newski, defeats the Swedes near the Neva, 1241-d. 1249. JAROSLAV III., grand duke of Russia, son of Jaroslav II., succeeds his brother, Alexander Newski, 1263-d. 1272. JASON. See ARGONAUTS. JASON, of Pheræ, expels Polydamas from Pharsalus, B.C. 375-is assassinated, 370. JASON, son of Onias III., buys the Jewish high-priesthood of Antiochus Epiphanes, B.C. 175-supplanted by his brother, Menelaus, 172. JASSY, taken by the Russians, 1739-again, in 1769-treaty of, between the Russians and Turks, Jan. 9, 1792. JAUCOURT, on the Somme, battle of; Guntrum, the Dane, defeated by Louis III., k. of France, 881. JAVA, the Dutch form their first factory in, 1595. See BATAVIA. - Massacre of the natives, 1740-Captured by the English, 1811 - restored to Holland by Great Britain, 1814. JAXARTES, now the Sihon, crossed by Alexander, to drive back the Scythians (Goths), B.C. 329. See SIHON. JAY, rev. William, b. 1768-d. 1853. JEBB, Dr. John, b. 1736-d. 1786. JEBB, Dr. Richard, b. 1720-d. 1787. JEBUZITES, settled in Palestine at least as early as B.C. 1965 (2088 C.) JEDDO. See JAPAN. JEDBURGH. See EDRED, k. of England. JEFFERSON, Thomas, b. 1743 - assists in framing the U.S. constitution, 1787 --elected president, after a warm contest with Burr, 1801-re-elected, 1805-closes the U.S. harbours against British ships of war, July 2, 1807-d. July 4, 1826. JEFFREY, of Monmouth. See GEOFFREY. JEFFREY, Francis, b. 1773-editor of the Edinburgh Review, 1802-elected rector of the Glasgow university, Dec. 28, 1820 -made lord advocate of Scotland by the Grey ministry, 1830-appointed judge of session, May 18, 1834-d. Jan. 26, 1850. JEFFREY, Robert, a sailor left by capt. JEHORAM, K. of Judah, B.C. 891-886. |