hm much intereft and fome celebrity. Lis premature and unhappy fate undoubtedly arofe from his immediate defeent from the crown. For his mother, the Lady Margaret, was only child of Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, by Lady Eleanor Brandon, his first wife, daughter and co-heir of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII. and widow of Louis XII. King of France. The celebrated Anne, Countess of Dorfet, Pembroke, and Montgomery, in her MS Memoirs of her anceflors the Cliffords, gives the following account. Speaking of Henry, the firt Earl of Cumberland, the fays, "After many royal favours, the greatelt, wherein King Henry VIII. did exprefs the mot of his affection and respect unto this earl, was his willingness to have his niece, the Lady Eleanor Brandon, his youngest fifter's youngest daughter, married to this earl's eldeft fon, Henry, Lord Clifford; which marriage was accomplished and folemnized at Midfummer, the 27th year of his reign, in 1537, in the house of her father, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, which was then a goodly palace, in Southwark, near London, and hard-by St. Mary Overy's there; the king himfelf being prefent in perfon at the marriage; which marriage was celebrated that time four years, after the death of the Lady Eleanor's mother, who was Mary the French Queen. "For the more magnificent entertainment of the young lady, the great gallery and tower at Skipton were built: which gallery and tower, fo fuddenly built, were the chief refidence, when in Craven, of the Countess of Pembroke and Dorfet; the round tower there being the faid Countefs's lodging chamber; the faid caftle being totally demolished in December 1649, having been made a garrifon on both fides. Henry, 2d Earl of Cumberland, was born 1517, and was about twenty years old when he was married to the Lady Eleanor Brandon, who lived wife to this earl about ten years and five months; half of the time thereof when he was Lord Clifford, the other half when her husband was Earl of Cumberland; for the died in Brougham Caftle, in Wettmoreland, about the latter end of November, in 1547, and was buried in the vault in Skipton church, in Craven, leaving but one child after her at her death, which was the Lady Margaret Clifford, afterwards Counters of Derby. "The Lady Margaret Clifford, when fhe was about fifteen years old, was married, in much glory, in the chapel at Whitehall, King Philip and Queen Mary being both prefent at the faid. marriage, to Henry Stanley, Lord Strange, on February 7, 1555; which Lord Strange, by the death of his father Edward, became Earl of Derby on October 4, 1572. "He died 1593; and the faid Margaret overlived him three years and more; for fhe died Sept. 29, 1596, in her house, then newly built, in Cler-. kenwell, without the Clofe, at London, when he was about fifty-fix years old, and was buried in the Abbey, at Weltminfter. She had two fons by him, who were fucceffively, one after another, earls of Derby. "Her eldeft fon Ferdinando, Earl of Derby, died before her, April 16, 1594, leaving only daughters behind him. "Her 2d fon William, Earl of Derby, died a little before Michaelmas, in 1641, leaving his fon James, Earl of Derby *, to fucceed him; who was beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, in October 1651+.” JOHN, SECOND EARL OF BRIDGE WATER. He Sir Henry Chauncy has given the following character of this amiable nobleman in his Hiftory of Hertfordshire. "He was a perfon of a middling ftature, fomewhat corpulent, with black hair, a round vifage, a modeft and grave afpect, a fweet and pleasant countenance, and a comely prefence. was a learned man, delighted much in his library, and allowed free accels to all who had any concerns with him. His piety, devotion in all acts of religion, and firmnefs to the established church of England, were very exemplary; and he had all other accomplishments of virtue and goodness. He was very temperate in eating and drinking, but remarkable for hofpitality to his neighbours, charity to the poor, and liberality to firangers. He was complaifant in company, fpoke fparingly, but always very pertinently; was true to his word, faithful to his friend, loval to his prince, wary incouncil, ftrict in juftice, and punctual in all his actions." (To be concluded in our next.) His reprefentative and heir is the prefent Duke of Athol. +From a copy of the Memoirs, in Brit. Muf. Harl MSS. 6177. 81. Phi J 81 Philofophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, for the Year 1802. Part I. WH HILE the advertisement prefixed to each publication proclaims the increase of members who form this Society, the felection of papers proves Either the increafing paucity of communications, or relignation of particular fubjects to other inodes of publication; as. Antiquities to the Society of Antiquaries, Medical Papers to the Medical Society, Natural History to the Linnean Society, &c. &c. We fhall continue our review of what the prefent volume affords; which opens, as utal, with the Croonian lecture, on the power of the eye to adjust itself to different diftances when deprived of the cryftalline lens; by Everard Hoine, eq. Mr. H, in 1724, laid before the Society fome experiments fuggefted and made on this fubject by the late Mr. Kamiden, whofe eloge is here given. Dr. Young, in his Bakerian lecture laft year, had advanced fome experiments to prove that the adjustment of the eye to different diftances depends on the crykalline lens, and afcribes Mr. Ramf den's phænomena to different caufes. He framed an optomer, carrying the eye through a fall convex lens with a card with two narrow flits before it, whereby the eve will fee the line as two lines, croffing each other at the point of perfect vifion, in different places, at different diftances. With this inftrument improved experiments were made on a carpenter, whofe eryftalline lens had been extracted for a cataract at the age of 50, yet retained his fight. The Bakerian lecture, by Dr. Young, is on the theory of light and colours, Art. III. "An Analyfis of a Mineral Subftance from North America, containing a Metal hitherto unknown. By Charles Hatchett, Efq." This metal, preferved in Sir Hans Sloane's collection in the British Museum, and fent to him by Mr. Winthrop, is fo very different from thofe hitherto difcover ed, that Mr. H, thinking it proper it fhould be diftinguifhed by fome peculiar name, has, with the concurrence of feveral eminent and ingenious chemifts of this country, given it that of Columbium, and thinks it came from the mines of Malachufets. Little can be learnt from analyzing fo finall a portion of this unknown metal. But GENT. MAG. June, 1803. Mr. H. inclines to think that the time is perhaps not very difiant when some of the newly-difcovered metals, and other fubflances now contidered as fimple, primitive, and diftinct bodies, will be found to be compounds. Art. IV. "A Defcription of the Anatomy of the Oxyrynchus Paradoxus. By Mr. Home." This fingular animal is only found in the freshwater lakes, where it comes up occafionally to breathe. It is 17 inches and an half long, from the point of the bill to the top of the tail; has a ftrong claw on each foot; the tail, in its general fhape, is very like that of a beaver, with long, firong, coarfe hair; the tongue is two inches long in the hollow between the two jaws, not projecting into the bill; the structure of the bones of the cheft is peculiar, and it bears fome refemblance to the kangaroo: there is a peculiarity alfo in the organs of generation, which do not appear outwardly, and the penis does not convey the urine, and in fome refpects approaches to the bird; the fe male organs open into the rectum, as in birds. The foot, tongue, skeleton, and organs of generation, are engraved. It refembles the amphibia in its firuc ture and mode of living. It feems to connect the aquatic birds and reptiles; the heart contains two auricles and two ventricles, and, like the lizard, is oriparous. Art. V. "On the Independence of the analytical and geometrical Methods of Investigation, and on the Advantages to be derived from their Separation. By Robert Woodhoufe, A. M." Art. VI. "Observations and Exper riments upon oxygenized and hyperoxygenized Muriatic Acid; and upon fome Combinations of the Muriatic Acid in its Three States. By Richard Chenevix, Efq." Art. VII. Experiments and Ob fervations on certain Stony and Metalline Subftances which at different Times are faid to have fallen on the Earth; alfo on various Kinds of Native Iron. By Edward Howard, Efq." This is an enumeration of ftones which have fallen from the clouds in different parts of the world, with the moft unphilofophical and unfatisfactory a tempt to account for them. Inftead whereof we fhall refer to the eafy, fimple, and clear folution of the difficulty which was tranfinitted to Mr. Urban, figued T.P. and and inferted in our vol. LXVII. p. 180, a very learned Prelate on the Irish bench, who, when he was a fiudent, &c. at Cambridge, was diffinguifhed for his fuperior attainments in mathematicks and philofophy. After enumerating the various accounts of ftones faid to have fallen from the clouds in modern times, Air. H. determines "they all have pyrites of a peculiar character, a coating of black oxide of iron, an alloy of iron and nickel, and the earths, which ferve as a fort of connecting medium, correfpond in their nature, and nearly in their pro- ́ portions. In the fione which fell Dec. 19. 1798, after the appearance of a meteor and a noife like thunder, 14 miles North from Benares, in the Eaft Indies, pyrites and globular bodies are exceedingly diftinet; in the others they are more or lefs definite; and that from Sienna had one of the globules transparent. Meteors or lightning attended the defcent of the filones at both places. Such coincidence of circumftances, and the unquestionable authorities I have adduced, muft, I imagine, remove all doubt as to the defcent of thefe ftony fubftances; for, to difbelieve on the mere ground of incomprehenfibility, would be to difpute moft of the works of Nature. All the kinds of iron called native contain nickel. The following account of fiones fallen in the Eaft Indies, which was fent to Sir Jofeph Banks by John Lloyd Williams, Efq. is fo very remarkable that we fhall prefent it to our readers in the words of the author: "A circumstance of fo extraordinṇry a nature as the fall of ftones from the heavens could not fail to excite the wonder, and attract the attention, of every inquifitive mind. Among a superstitious people , any prete natural appearance is viewed with filent awe and res rence; attributing the caufes to the will of the Supreme Being, they do not prefume to judge the means by which they were produced, nor the purposes for which they were ordered; and we are natur ly led to fufpe&t the influence of prejudice and fuperftit on in their defcriptions of fuch phænomena; my enquiries were theref are chiefly directed to the Europeans, who were but thinly dif perfed about tl a part of the country. The information Ibtained was, tha, on the 19th of December, 1798, about 8 o'clock in the evening, a very luminous meteor was observed in the heavens, by the inhatants of Benares and the parts adjacent, in the form of a large ball of fire; and that it was accompanied by a loud noise, refum bling thunder; and that a number of stone were fard to have fallen from it, nea Krakhut, a village on the North fide of the river Gooney, about 14 miles from the city of Benares. The meteor appeare in the Wattern part of the hemisphere, and was but a fhort time vifible: it was abferved by feveral Europeans, as well as natives, in different parts of the country. In the neighbourhood of Juanpook, about 12 miles from the fpot where the ftones are faid to have fallen, it was very difti ctly obferved by feveral European gentlemen and ladies, who defcribed it as a large ball of fire, accompanied with a loud rumbling noise, not unlike an ill-discharged platoon of mufquetry. It was alfo feen, and the noife heard, by various perfons at Benares. Mr. Davis obferved the light cme into the room where he was, through a glafs window, f. ftrongly as to projec hadows, from the hars be ween the panes, on a dark coloured carpet, very diftin&tly; and it appeared to him as luminous as the brightest moonlight. When an account of the fall of the ftones reached Benares, Mr. Da is, the judge and magiftrate of the diftriet, fent an intelligent perfon to make enquiry on the spot. When the perfon arrived at the village near which the ftones are faid to have fallen, the natives, in anfwer to his enquiries, told him, that they had either broken to pieces, or given away to the Teffeldar (native collector) and others, all that they had picked up; but that he might easily find some in the adja cent fields, where they would be readily difcovered (the crops being then not above two or three inches above the ground), by obferving where the earth appeared recently turned up. Following thefe directions, he found four, which he brought to Mr. Davis: most of these the force of the fall had buried, according to a measure he produced, about fix inches deep, in fields which feemed to have been recently watered; and it appeared, from the man's defcription, that they must have lain at the diftance of about a hundred yards from each other. What he farther learnt from the inhabitants of the village, concerning the phænomenon, was, that about eight o'clock in the evening, when retired to their habitations, they obferved a very bright light, proceeding as from the fky, accompanied with a loud clap of thunder, which was immediately followed by the noife of heavy bodies falling in the vicinity. Uncertain whether fome of their deities might not have been concerned in this occurrence, they did not venture out to enquire into it until the next morning, when the first circumstance which attracted their attention was, the appearance of the earth being turned up in different parts of their fields, as before mentioned, where, on examining, they found the ftones. The affiftant affiftant to the collector of the district, Mr. Erskine, a very intelligent young gentleman, on feeing one of the ftones, brought to him by the native fuperintendant of the collections, was alfo induced to fend a person to that part of the country to make enquiry; who returned with feveral of the ftones, and brought an account fimilar to that given by the perfon fent by Mr. Davis, together with a confirmation of it from the Cauzy (who had been directed to make Maclane, a gentlem in who refided very near the village of Krakhut, gave me part of a stone that had been brought to him, the morning after the appearance of the phænomenon, by the watchman who was on duty at his houfe; this, he fad, had fallen through the top of his but, which was clofe by, and buried itself several inches in the floor, which was of confolidated earth. The ftone muit, by his account, previous to its having been broken, have weighed upwards of two pounds. At the time the meteor appeared, the sky was perfectly ferene; not the, fmalleft veftige of a cloud had heen feen fince the rite of the enquiry), under his hand and feal. Mr. Mr. Chenevix communicates, in 66 Art. X. "An Analytis of Corundum, and of fome of the Subitances which accompany it; with Obfervations on the Affinities which the Earths have been fuppofed to have for each other in the hamid Way." Art. XI, Defcription of the Ana tomy of the Ornithorhyncus Hystrix. By Everard Home, Etq." A male of the fpecies, from New South Wales, called, by Dr. Shaw, Myrmecophaga Aculcata, 17 inches long, the bill 12 inch long, and tail inch; the back and fides covered with fhort coarse hair, and with quills like thofe of the porcupine, from 14 to 24 inches long; the head, neck, and brealt, only with long hair; the fore legs 3 inches long, and thick, having 5 oes, with fhort, blant claws, the middle one longeft; the hind legs 6 inches long; juft at the fetting-on of the heel there is a fur, like that of the paradorus, whofe inter nal firucture is nearly the fame; the the month, nor were any oblerved for glans penis is divided into four project many days after.” PART II. Art. VIII. "Obfervations on the Two lately-difcovered Celeftial Bodies. By Dr. Herfchel." The Doctor fhews that the fuppofed new planets, Ceres and Pallas, cannot be either planets or comets; but are to be diftinguished by a new name, denoting "a fpecies of celestial bodies hitherto unknown to us, but which the interesting difcoveries of Piazzi and Olders have brought to light." From their atieroidical appearance the Doctor chooses to call them Afteroids; bodies moving in orbits either of little or confiderable excentricity round the Sun, the plane of which may be direct or retrograde, and they may or may not have contiderable at-` mofpheres, very fmall comas, difks, or nuclei. Comets, after having been a confiderable time in retirement, and their comas and tails contracted, when they retire into the diftant regions of fpace may affume the refemblance of flars and become Afteroids. Art. IX. "Defcription of the Corundum Stone, and its Varieties, commonly known by the Name of Oriental Ruby, Saphire, &c.; with Obfervations on fome other Mineral Subftances. By the Count de Bournon, F.R.S." This is a fummary view or recapitula tion of obfervations on this ftone in a paper by Mr. Greville, in Phil. Tranf. for 1798, part II. (See our vol. LXX. p. 450.) ing procefles, which, in the relaxed ftate, are concave, the orifice in each projection. The figure of another fpecies of Ornithorynchus, of the fame fize as the Hufirix, hot at Van Dieman's land, 1790, is here engraved, plate XIII. This animal may be confidered as an intermediate link between the claffes Mammalia, Aves, and Amphibia; between it and the bird no link of importance feems to be wanting: the organs of generation refemble thofe of a duck. Art. XII. "A Method of examining refractive and difperlive Powers by Prifimatic Reflection. By William Hyde Wollation, M. D." Art. XIII. 66 On the oblique Rfraction of Iceland Cryftal. By the fame." Art. XIV. "An Account of fo ne Caufes of the Production of Colours not hitherto defcribed. By Thoms Young, M. D. Profeflor of Natural Philofophy in the Royal Infiitute." Art. XV. “On the Compofition of Emery. By Smithlon Tennant, Efq." Emery feems to be the fame fubftance as diamond fpar, though ufually mixed with a larger proportion of iron. All that is ufed in England is faid to be brought from the iflands of the Archipelago, aud principally from Naxos, where it is probably very abundant, as the price of it in London, 8 or 10s. the the cwt. appears little more than fufficient for the charge of carriage. Art. XVI. "Remarks on Heat, and the Action of the Bodies which intercept it. By P. Prevoli, Profeffor of Philofophy at Geneva." In French, Art. XVII. "Of the Rectification of the Conic Sections. By the Rev. John Hellins." Art. XVIII. "Catalogue of Five Hundred new Nebulae, nebulous Stars, planetary Nebula, and Clufters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. By Dr. Herschel.” 82. The Praise of Paris; or, A Sketch of the French Capital, in Extracts of Letters from France, in the Summer of 1802; with an Index of many of the Convents, Churches, and Palaces, not in the French Catalogue, which have furnished Pictures for the Louvre Gallery. By S. W. F. R. S. F.A. S. WHEN we confider all that has been palling in the French capital at and fince the Revolution, the fcenes of Terror, Cruelty, Oppreffion, Injuftice, Profligacy, and Infidelity, and the mafs of treatures of Art and Nature collect ed by Robbery and Rapine, we fhudder at the Curiofity which prompts a wifh to caft an eye on the tout enfemble, where every fubject muft fuggeft to the well-informed beholder a figh for its former pofleflor and pofition, and a melancholy reflection how vaft a price has been paid for Taste and Science, and fuperficial endowments, where Principle is not at the foundation and fource. After a picture of the improvements and wonders of Paris, what a portrait is drawn of its manners and fociety! It has turned France upfide down, and fet the pedeftrian on horfeback. How far the prefent fet of Parifians are partakers of the fins of the Revolutionists will beft appear from the practice of divorce and its confequences, to be stated hereafter. Mr. Welion] referves to himself the privilege of panegyrifing thofe who have outlived the Revolution without having had a part in it; and "finds much lefs real alteration at Paris than might be expected"—" the living inhabitants have the fame addrefs they ever had, wear the fame finiling countenances, and receive you with the fame open arms; and, even if you touch upon their loffes, they bear it with moderation, and confole themfelves in a couplet, and plead reduction of income as an excufe for not giving you a dinner.” Tant mieux pour eux que cette infenfibilité, will fome fay; Tant pis, fay we. "The gallery at the Louvre," fays our traveller, is the great feature of Paris, which is itself a vafi bonbonniere, an immenfe academie de jeu, aud an enormous table d'hôte, where all nations meet, like travellers through a defert, at a watering-place (p. 6); where the Ruffian outfends the Eng lith, and where the German lies fnug. "The great Opera is called La Republique des Arts, and exhibits the moft perfect fpecimens of every fpecies of dance. The Opera-house has not room for its fcenes, which travel backwards and forwards night and morning." There are about fixteen theatres open almoft every night, of which our traveller criticifes five or fix. Under the article of The Hotels he obferves, "you may be lodged and fed on very reasonable terms, if you are fingle, or few, or in fmall parties; but, if you are numerous and have families, you cannot be accommodated with good apartments under 20 guineas a month, whilft the very beft in the first hotels are charged 40, 50, or 60.-The Audiences are the 15th of every month; and, if you are to be prefented, you may go to the minifter's the day before. If you go in the drefs of an officer, and wear regimentals, with the regiment on the button, it is poffible you may be fpoken to before the minifter haa time to prefent you, which has been the cafe with many an English officer. It has been ufual not to invite to dinner perfons even of the first rank and diftinction till they have been twice at court; but this rule was difpenfed with in the cafe of one gentleman, because his nephew was invited, it being his fecond time of appearing at the court when his uncle was first presented. The First Conful does not fay a great deal to any body, as may be fuppofed; but he faid more, perhaps, to this gen tleman than to any other individual. He had already faid, before his arrival, to members of parliament, prefented as fuch, that he hoped the new Parlia ment would be as pacific as the old; but to him he faid, I am very happy that you have been prefented to me. I admire your talents and your virtues; you were the first to put an end to the maflacres of the human race; you were always for peace; I confider you as the greatest man of a great nation.' Me |