The State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts has been established five years, and has cost the State $40,000. The number of students is about 225.

The State University, at Chapel Hill, will celebrate its one hundredth anniversary in June, 1895. Its property includes about 600 acres, 12 buildings, a library of 40,000 books, valuable apparatus, and funds invested to help support the institution and educate young men without means to educate themselves. The number of students has increased in three years from 198 to 390. During the past year 38 students were aided by loans from the Deems fund, given for this special purpose by the Rev. Charles F. Deems and William H. Vanderbilt; it amounts now to nearly $16,000; both principal and interest are loaned and reloaned as fast as paid; 66 students have been aided by funds from other private scholarships; but free tuition is given to the following classes of students with the understanding that should they become able they shall pay the sums remitted: 1, candidates for the ministry; 2, sons of ministers; 3, young men under bodily infirmity; and, 4, teachers. During the past term there were aided by State scholarships under this law 29 students, as follow: 7 candidates for the ministry; 8 sons of ministers, 13 teachers, and 1 afflicted with bodily infirmity. The annual income is less than $40,000.

The State maintains, besides the above institutions, the Cullowhee Normal School and colored normal schools at Fayetteville, Salisbury, Goldsborough, Franklinton, Plymouth, and Elizabeth City.

The institution at Raleigh, formerly the School for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, is now used exclusively for the blind, and another for deaf mutes has been established at Morganton. It has accommodations for 250 pupils, and has 102. The appropriation is $35.000 a year.

Charities.-The Asylum for the Insane, at Raleigh, has a daily average of 307; number admitted during the past two years, 171; discharged as cured, 96; improved, 20; in bond, 3. The per capita cost of maintenance is $170.80.

The daily average in the hospital at Morganton was 556. The report shows over 50 per cent. of recoveries on admissions, and less than 5 per cent. of deaths on the whole number treated. The cost per capita is $150. Nearly 200 applications have been rejected for want of room.

The Eastern Hospital for the Insane accommodates 307 patients, of whom 129 are men. The last Legislature appropriated $13,000 for a new building for men. It was finished in June at a cost of about $11,000, the inmates having furnished the common labor. The cost per capita is $115.94. An addition to the grounds of 170 acres has been made at a cost of $1,900.

The receipts at the Oxford Orphan Asylum for the two years were $21,612.57, of which $10,000 was from the State, $2,000 from the Grand Lodge of the Masons, who manage the institution, $6,416 from other lodges and from churches, and the remainder was earned in the asylum. The average number of inmates is 205, and the average cost of each $105.16.

The Colored Orphan Asylum, at Oxford, had $1,500 during the year from the State; receipts

from churches and other sources brought the total to $2,367. There were 60 inmates in 1893, and 66 in 1894; cost per capita, $36.

The Soldiers' Home was originally maintained by voluntary contributions entirely. But the Legislature of 1891 appropriated $3,000, and that of 1893 $5,000 to its support and $3,000 for repairs.

Crime and Criminals.-The report of the Attorney-General shows that during the two years ending July 1 there were 3 legal executions, an increase of 1 over the two years preceding, and 8 lynchings, an increase of 6. There were 15,538 criminal actions disposed of in the two fiscal years ending July 1, 1894, an increase of 1,266 over the two years previous.

The operations of the State Penitentiary have been confined almost exclusively to farming. About 80 per cent. of the convicts have been employed throughout the year on the farm. The whole number of acres cultivated is 8,600.

The Militia.-In the National Guard are 28 military companies of white infantry, divided into 4 regiments of 7 companies each, 1 troop of cavalry (white), and 1 company of infantry (colored), both unattached, and 1 battalion of naval reserves (3 divisions), numbering in all 33 companies, aggregating 1,660 men. The land forces have been reduced to 30 companies, the number contemplated by law. Troops were called upon for service 4 times during the year. The State appropriates $16,000 annually, and the National Government furnishes clothing and equipments amounting to $9,488.73.

Railways.-The Railroad Commission was established about four years ago, in the face of great opposition. The report shows that during the four years the valuation of taxable railway property has been nearly doubled; it has been increased from $12,321,704 to $24,565,611. The increase in 1894 was $336,656. The increase of revenue for the four years will amount to over $30,000 a year in State taxes alone, and including State, county, and municipal taxes to more than $100,000.

The North Carolina Railroad is now the only corporate property within the State exempt from taxation. The directors passed a resolution to waive the exemption and list all the property of the road (see "Annual Cyclopædia for 1893, page 533), but the stockholders applied to the Federal court for an injunction to restrain the directors, and the suit has not been decided. Under a by-law of 1851, requiring that 100 of the private stockholders, representing a majority of the private stock, shall be present in person or by proxy at any meeting, the stockholders have prevented a meeting for over a year.

Until the Commission was organized Pullman cars were not listed for taxation. Now they are taxed in the State on a valuation of $67,909. Steamboats are also paying tax on a valuation of $237,158, and telegraph lines on $219,228.

The reduction in passenger rates amounts to about $220,000 per annum; in freight rates, to about $250,000. The telegraph rates have been reduced nearly 50 per cent. The report shows a great falling off in the mileage of new roads, only 29-36 miles were built during the year. There were 387 accidents to persons on the roads in the State; 59 were killed and 328 injured.

Industries and Products.-The corn yield of the year was unusually large-32,959,485.54 bushels-while in 1893 it was 29,954,513 bushels. The number of acres devoted to the trucking interest, exclusive of market gardens, in 1890 was 22,000; the value of fertilizers used was $372,000; the amount paid for labor, $308,000; the average net receipts were $1,760,000.

The Experiment Station has closed its eighteenth year. During the past two years the station has published and distributed 152 separate and distinct publications.

Experiments have been made by the State Geological Survey on the French method of gathering turpentine, and it is shown that by the use of this method the value of the product in North Carolina may be increased nearly $200,000 a year. The survey has also been largely instrumental in reviving the monazite industry in the Piedmont counties. Elaborate topographic maps have been prepared of all the mountain counties and the more western Piedmont counties, and the geological maps of several of these counties are being prepared. The iron ores of the State have been examined, and also the corundum deposits in Clay, Macon, Jackson, and Buncombe Counties and the gold and monazite deposits of Burke, McDowell, Rutherford, and Cleveland Counties.

An article in the "Manufacturers' Record" on cotton mills in the South shows that throughout that section there are 406 mills with 2,763,879 spindles and 62,052 looms. North Carolina leads in the number of spindles, with 655,000 in operation in 1894, while South Carolina leads in looms with 16,200. North Carolina has the largest number of mills, but as the majority of them are small, the aggregate number of their spindles exceeds South Carolina's by only 34,000.

Monuments.-The corner stone of a monument to William Hooper, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and, it is claimed, the man who made the first prophecy on record of the independence of the States, was laid July 4 on the battle ground of Guilford Courthouse, with appropriate ceremonies.

On May 22 the corner stone of a monument to the memory of Confederate soldiers was laid at Raleigh. The funds for the monument were raised by the women of the State.

Political.-A Chief Justice and 3 Associate Justices, 6 judges of the Superior Court, a General Assembly, a State Treasurer, 12 solicitors, and 9 members of Congress were elected Nov. 6, and all the counties elected officers.

The People's party met in convention at Raleigh July 31 and nominated W. H. Worth for State Treasurer, W. T. Faircloth for Chief Justice, and Walter Clark, D. M. Furches, and H. G. Connor for Associate Justices. Faircloth and Furches are Republicans, and Clark and Connor are Democrats. The nominations were in accordance with a resolution declaring that the party held it as a principle that the office of judge should be filled irrespective of party affili

ations.

The platform reaffirmed the principles of the party; declared in favor of free and unlimited coinage of gold and silver in the ratio of 16 to 1; denounced the Democratic and Republican parties for their action on silver; denounced

both the McKinley tariff and the Wilson bill; favored a graduated tax on incomes, prohibition of the practice of dealing in futures, restricted immigration, and election of United States Senators by popular vote; and said further: We demand

The abolition of national banks and the substitution of legal tender Treasury notes to supplement the use of gold and silver money issued in sufficient volume to do the business of the country on a cash system.

We denounce both the Republican and Democratic parties for contracting the currency of the country while population and business increases, and also for the further crime of issuing interest-bearing bonds in times of peace.

It declared opposition to strikes as wrong in principle and tending to infraction of law, and urged the use of the ballot as the best way to improve the condition of labor; it condemned the extravagance prevailing at Washington, in reference to which it was said:

The present Administration, the present Senate and Congress, seems to be composed largely of men who are outstripping their predecessors. Some of them are old-timers, and their new associates have caught. the infection. The money power, whisky, sugar, and in both Houses of Congress. At present we have and other monopolies are represented in the Cabinet a Government of, for, and by trusts and monopolies. In striking contrast to the above we point with pride to the clean records made by our little band of People's party, Senators, and Congressmen. Always at the post of duty, never arrested to make a quorum, unselfish, fearless, incorruptible, like true Spartans, they have stood by their pledges to a man.

On State matters the platform favored four months of school in the year as the minimum for each race; condemned the Democratic party for its failure to execute the antitrust laws on the statute books, and for the failure to prosecute the officers of broken banks: favored establishment of a reformatory for young criminals; condemned the General Assembly for extravagance and failure to collect back taxes from certain railroad corporations; and charged frauds in the election of 1892 by the Democratic party, "by which thousands of citizens who had voted for years under the same registration were deprived of their suffrage, by which ballots of the People's party, after being delivered to poll holders to be properly deposited were destroyed in 'bull pens' and other dark-hole voting places, and ballots for the Democratic party were substituted; by which false returns were made; by which county canvassing boards, with autocratic power, threw out many townships which gave majorities for the People's party, to such an extent as to put in power a minority party."

The Republican convention met Sept. 5 at Raleigh. On a vote that was virtually a test of the question of uniting with the People's party in the election the yeas were 154 to 30 nays. The nominees of that party were made the nominees of the Republicans. The resolutions favored a protective tariff and the Blaine system of reciprocity; free coinage of the entire product of American mines at the ratio of 16 to 1, and eventually international bimetallism and repeal of the internal-revenue taxes on whisky, brandy, and tobacco, calling attention to the increase of such taxes under Democratic administration; favored also repeal of the present system of county gov

ernment and ballot reform: and demanded that the farmer and the householder be allowed the same exemption from taxation as the bondholder and the capitalist-namely, the right to deduct from the taxable value of his property of whatever kind the amount of his just indebtedness. H. G. Connor withdrew and Walter R. Montgomery was nominated for justice.

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The convention of the Democratic party was held at Raleigh, Aug. 8. Samuel McD. Tate was nominated for Treasurer, James E. Shepherd for Chief Justice, and Walter Clark, James C. McRae, and Armistead Burwell for Associate Justices. The resolutions declared it to be the duty of Government to restore the free coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1; favored the abolition of tax on State-bank issues and imposition of an income tax advocated, as a matter of State policy, such regulation and restriction of the issues of banks chartered by North Carolina as will secure a sound currency"; commended the President for his action on tariff reforın, Federal election laws, etc.; pointed with pride to the record of the party in the State; and further resolved "that we favor the abolition of the internal-revenue taxes on spirits and tobacco as soon as practicable, and if this can not be done, that the harsh and unjust features of the law for its collection be modified."

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The result of the election was a victory for the fusion candidates. The vote for Shepherd (Democrat) for Chief Justice was 127,593, and for Faircloth (fusion), 148,344. The Senate will have 9 Democrats, 15 Republicans, and 26 Populists.. The House will have 46 Democrats, 36 Republicans, 33 Populists, and 1 Prohibitionist, giving the fusionists a large majority.

Senator Vance having died April 14, the Governor appointed Thomas J. Jarvis to serve till the Legislature should elect. As Senator Ransom's term expires in 1895, this Legislature will elect 2 Senators, 1 for two years and 1 for the full term.

NORTH DAKOTA, a Northwestern State. admitted to the Union Nov. 3, 1889; area, 70,795 square miles. The population, according to the census of 1890, was 182,719. Capital, Bismarck.

Government. The following were the State officers during the year: Governor. Eli C. D. Shortridge, Independent; Lieutenant-Governor, Elmer D. Wallace; Secretary of State, C. M. Dahl; Treasurer, Knud J. Nomland; Auditor, Arthur W. Porter; Attorney-General, William H. Standish; Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor, Nelson Williams; Commissioner of Insurance, James Cudhie; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Laura J. Eisenhuth; Adjutant General, W. H. Jopping; Railroad Commissioners, Peter Cameron, Nils P. Rasmussen, Benjamin B. Stevens; Commissioner of Irrigation and Forestry, W. W. Barrett; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Joseph M. Bartholomew; Associate Justices, Alfred Wallin and Guy C. H. Corliss.

Finances. The report of the Treasurer, giving a summary of receipts and disbursements for the year ending June 30, 1894, has the following items: The balance on hand Oct. 31, 1893, was $114,144.48; the receipts brought the total to $750,171.36. Included in this amount was the gross earnings tax from railroads, $49,606.81, and

the tax on insurance companies, $12,861.59. The State taxes amounted to $164,240.23.

The total of disbursements was $612,620.70, of which $230,502.05 was from the general fund. The balance in the treasury June 30 was $137,550.66, of which $2,480.66 was in the general fund. At the end of the year the finances were reported in bad condition, the general fund overdrawn $7,440, and the balance on hand $38,763, with large bills outstanding.

The expenses of the State institutions for the two years were: School for the Deaf, $19,000; Penitentiary, $59.590; Soldiers' Home, for maintenance, $17,550; State University, $73.920; normal school, $40,520; insane, $139,070. There were other appropriations, aggregating $124,390, and improvements or construction of State institutions, $90,950, making the aggregate for public institutions $564,990.

The taxable valuation in 1894 was $83,495.230. The highest rate of taxation allowed by the Constitution is 4 mills. The railroad taxes for the past two years amounted to $109,247.82. The actual amount handled during the two years was about $837,600, while the aggregate of the expenses as above was about $120,000 in excess of that amount.

It must not be inferred that the State is bankrupt. Its public institutions are of great value, and are well endowed with land aggregating over 700,000 acres, some of which has already sold at high prices. In addition to this land it has school lands that will produce when sold more than $25,000,000.

The permanent school fund now has outstanding contracts for land which draw 6 per cent. interest, amounting to $1,848,042.22, bonds amounting to $405,684, and $69.846 in cash. Two years hence there will be due the fund on account of lands already sold $350,000.

The report of the manager of the State exhibit at the World's Fair shows that $12,347.17 was paid on the building account, and $34,383.30 for general expenses, leaving a balance unexpended of $2,367.48. In addition to this, property to the value of $3,227.65 was given to various State institutions.

The Capitol-addition bonds have been negotiated, and the Treasurer received in June a draft for $41,118.36 in payment for them. These bonds are the remainder of the $50,000 that were authorized by the last Legislature for the completion of the south wing of the Capitol building. Of the amount, $10,000 was taken in 1893 by the State Board of University and School Lands, and the work of building was carried as far as the amount would warrant. The remaining $40,000 were offered for sale in the spring of 1894, and were sold in Chicago in June.

Farm and Home Ownership. - Statistics show that of every 100 families living on farms in North Dakota 90 own the farms, and 46 have no incumbrance on those farms. On the owned farms there are liens amounting to $11,168,854, which is 363 per cent. of their value, and this debt bears interest at the average rate of 9.54 per cent., making the average annual interest charge $86 to each family. Each owned and incumbered farm on the average is worth $2,486, and is subject to a debt of $902.

The corresponding facts for homes are that