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5. Arrangement of the History of Dogmas
PAGE
20-23
Either chronological, or according to the nature of the events, 20.
Division into Periods and Epochs, 20. The apologetic period, 21;
the systematic polemic period, 21; the period of transition, 22. The
Catholic element and Scholasticism, 22. The Reformation, 22. The
Lutheran and Reformed forms, 23. Religious stagnation and formal-
ism, 23. Critical period, beginning with Semler, 23. Renovation of
Theology, by Schleiermacher, 23.
6. The Sources of the History of Dogmas
7. The History of the History of Dogmas
23-25
25
The Alexandrian School, 25. Clemens Alexandrinus, Facundus of
Hermiane, and Stephanus Gobarus, 26. The Sententiæ, Abelard, Eras-
mus, 27. History of Dogmas since the Reformation, 28. Le Clerc,
Calixtus, Spener, Gottfried Arnold, 29. Mosheim, Walch, Semler, 30.
More scientific method in modern times, 31. Literature of the
History of Dogmas, 31, 32.
FIRST PRINCIPAL PERIOD, FROM THE CLOSE OF
THE APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE TIME OF GRE-
GORY I
FIRST (SUB) PERIOD FROM THE CLOSE OF THE
APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE TIME OF CONSTAN-
33-417
Apologetic character of Theology in the first period, 33. Relation
of Christianity to Judaism, 33, 34; to Heathenism, and especially to
the Grecian Philosophy, 34, 35. Essenism, 36. Alexandria, and its
schools of philosophy, 36, 37. Philo, 38-40. Ascetic Theosophy
and Gnostic sects, 41. Dr. Baur on the Christian Gnosis, 43.
Mohler's view of Gnosis, 44. The Pneumatici and the Psychici, 45.
Influence of Gnosticism on the development of Dogmas, 46. National
peculiarities, 47. Influence of the Apostle John in Asia Minor, 48.
Montanism, 48. Irenæus, 50. Hippolytus, 51, 52. Character of the
primitive Roman Church, 53. Tertullian, 54-56. Cyprian, the book
of Enoch, 56. Hermas, 57. The Platonic Philosophy and its influ-
on Christianity, 57-59. Neo-Platonism, 60, 61. Justin
Martyr, 62. The Alexandrian School, 63. Clement, 63-66.
gen, 66-68. Clement and Origen compared, 68–72.
ence
Ori-
72-256
72-98
Views of the Primitive Church, 73. Polycarp, Papias, formation of
the Canon, Justin, Ignatius. 74, 75. The regula fidei, the sedes apos-
tolica, 76. Irenæus, 77-79 Tertullian, 79. Tertullian as a Mon-
tanist, 81. His influence on Cyprian, 82. The Alexandrian Theo-
logians, especially Clement and Origen, 82-84.
2. The Relation of Reason to Revelation
84-90
The feeling among the Heathen of the Insufficiency of Reason, and
the Need of a Revelation, 84. Platonism and Neo-Platonism, the
Christ-party at Corinth, Carpocrates and Epiphanes, 85. The Gnostics,
Docetism, Marcion, 86-88. The Clementine Homilies, Manicheism,
89. The Alexandrian School, 90.
3. The Doctrine of Inspiration .
90-98
No systematic development of the doctrine during this period, the
Jewish view adopted by the Christian Fathers, Philo, 90. The
Gnostics on the relation of the Old and New Testaments, Irenæus, the
Clementine Homilies, 91, 92. Montanist idea of Revelation, 93.
Theory of an Antitrinitarian sect, 94. Platonic idea of Inspiration,
Plutarch, Justin Martyr, 95. Clement, Origen, 96, 97. Irenæus, Ter-
tullian, 97, 98.
B. The Dogmas of Special Dogmatics
a. Theology in the strict Sense .
1. The Origin of the Idea of God
98-256
98-176
98-101
Justin Martyr, Theophilus of Antioch, Clement of Alexandria, 99.
Tertullian, Marcion, Valentine, 100, 101.
2. The Being and Attributes of God
102-112
Sensuous anthropomorphism of the Jews and Pagans, abstract spi-
ritualism of Philo and the Neo-Platonists, the Christian view, 102.
Anthropomorphism among Christians, the Clementine Homilies, Ter- †
tullian, Lactantius, Irenæus, 104. Origen, 105. Anthropopathism and
Christian Realism, 106-108. Irenæus, Tertullian, Marcion, 109, 110.
Idea of the divine Omnipotence, 111.
3. The Doctrine of Creation
112-123
Heathen view of the origin of the World, 112. Plato's Dualism-
the Monism of Neo-Platonism-the Creation according to the doctrine
of Judaism-the Cosmogony of the Gnostics-the doctrine of Basilides
according to Hippolytus, 113-116. Irenæus-the Platonizing Fathers,
Philo, Methodius, Origen, 117--123.
4. The Doctrine of Providence .
123-127
The Christian and Pagan views-the Gnostic-Marcion-Basilides,
123-125. The Fathers, 126.
Three classes of men according to the Gnostics, 127. Views of
Irenæus, Lactantius, Hermogenes, Origen, 128, 129.
6. The Doctrine of the Trinity.
130-171
The practical value of the doctrine, and its intellectual construction,
130. The Indian and Parsee Triad, 131. The Triad of Plato and the
Neo Platonists, 132. The Logos Idea of the Old Testament, 133.
Amalgamation of Platonic and Jewish Oriental Ideas, 134. Philo's
doctrine of the Logos, 135. The Apocryphal Gospel xar' AiуvπTÍOVÇ
and the Clementines, 136. The Logos Idea not universal-Dr. Baur's
view of the origin of the doctrine of the Trinity, 137. Divinity of
Christ in the Apostolic Epistles, 139. Justin Martyr, 140. Tatian,
Theophilus of Antioch, and Athenagorus, 143. Clement of Alexandria,
144. Origen, 146. Unitarian Monotheism, 149. The Patripassians,
150. Beryllus of Bostra, 151. The Western Church-Irenæus, Ter-
tullian, 154. Theodotus, 156. Artemon, 157-160. The Alogi,
Praxeas, 161. Noetus, Novatian, 163. Lactantius, 164. Sabellius,
165. Paul of Samosata, 169. Commodianus, 171.
The Fathers of the Eastern Church-Justin, Theophilus, Athena-
goras, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, 172-174. Fathers of the
Western Church-Irenæus, Tertullian, Novatian, Dionysius of Rome,
Lactantius, 174-176.
Philo, 177. The Clementines, the Gnostics, Manicheans, Ophites,
Valentinians, Saturninus, 178. Marcion, 179.
2. The Opposition of the Church Doctrine.
3. The Church Doctrine of the Image of God in
Man
180
180-182
The twofold designation in Genesis, and the distinction of εikúv
and ouoiwois the Clementine Homilies, Melito, Tatian, Justin, the
Gnostics, 181. Tertullian against Hermogenes-Origen against Hera-
cleon, 182.
CONTENTS.
4. Of the Fall and its Consequences
Xix
182-192
The Anti-Gnostic party-Irenæus, 183. Tertullian. 184. Cyprian,
Lactantius, 186. The Fathers who occupied a middle position-Justin,
Tatian, 187. Theophilus of Antioch-the Alexandrian Fathers, 188.
Origen on the pre-existence of souls, 190. General results, 192.
c. The Doctrine of the Person of Christ
192-206
The Christian doctrine of the union of the divine and human in
opposition to the Jewish standpoint and to the Heathen deification of
Nature and Man, 192. Apollonius of Tyana, 192. Ebionitish and
Gnostic views, 194. Docetism, 195. The Ignatian Epistles-Patri-
passianism, 196. Notions respecting Christ's outward form, 197.
Teachers of the Western Church-Irenæus, 197, 198; Tertullian, 199.
Teachers of the Eastern Church-Justin Martyr, 200; Clement of
Alexandria, 201; Origen, 302; Beryllus of Bostra, 205; Paul of Samo-
sata-the Manicheans, 206.
d. On the Redemptive Work of Christ
206-217
Ebionitism and Gnosticism and their mixture in Cerinthus and Basi-
lides, 207. Pseudo-Basilidean, Ophites, Valentinians, Marcion, 208. The
doctrine of Christ's descensus ad inferos, 209. Ignatius on Christ's suffer-
ings, 211. Irenæus, 211. Tertullian first uses the term satisfactio,
212. Lactantius gives prominence to Christ's office as a Teacher, 212.
Epistle to Diognetus-Justin, 213. Clement of Alexandria-Origen,
214. Connexion of Redemption and Sanctification, 215. Clement of
Rome, Irenæus, Tertullian, 216. Consilia evangelica-Marcion's re-
action, 217.
e. The Doctrine of the Church
.
218-227
The Christian Idea of the Church in opposition to the Jewish Priest-
hood and the Heathen State-Religion, 218. The Gnostic distinction of
esoteric and exoteric doctrines, 219. Perverted views of the visible
and invisible Church-Irenæus. Cyprian, 220. Tertuliian-the Sedes
Apostolica alteration in the idea of the Christian Priesthood, 221.
Cyprian maintained the outward unity of the Church against Felicissi-
mus and Novatian, 222. The primacy claimed for the Roman Church,
the germ of the Papacy, 223. Reaction of the Alexandrian Gnosis, 224.
Montanism-Tertullian's idea of the Church, 225. Novatian, 226.
f. The Doctrine of the Sacraments
1 The Doctrine of Baptism
227-246
228
Baptism a rite of initiation into the Christian Church, 228. Gnos-
tic views of Baptism-Infant Baptism not of apostolic anthority, 229.
First trace of Infant Baptism in Irenæus, 230. Tertullian's views of
Baptism, 231. Cyprian, 232. The Oriental Fathers-Justin, Clement,
Origen, 233. Mani-Validity of Baptism, 234. Confirmation, 235.
2. The Doctrine of the Lord's Supper
236-246
The conflict with Docetism-the Ignatian Epistles, 236. Irenæus,
237, 238. Justin, 239. The North African doctrine-Tertullian, 240.
Cyprian, 241. Infant Communion, 242. The Alexandrian School,
243. Three stages in the conception of the Lord's Supper, 244. The
general idea of Sacrament-Introduction of the Sacraments of Confirm-
ation, Ordination, and Penance, 245. Priestly Absolution, 246.
g. On Eschatology
247-256
Early erroneous views, 247. Doctrine of the Millennium in the
Epistle of Barnabas-Papias, 248. Irenæus, 249. Montanism-oppo-
sition of the Alexandrian School, 250. Doctrine of the Intermediate
state in Irenæus and Tertullian, 251. Purgatory-Cyprian-Clement
of Alexandria-Origen, 253. Doctrine of final restitution, 254. The
Christian doctrine of the Resurrection and continued personal exist-
ence, 255.
THE SECOND PERIOD, from Constantine the Great
to Gregory the Great (from the beginning
of the fourth to the end of the sixth Cen-
tury).
THE DOGMATIC-POLEMIC AND SYSTEMATIZING PERIOD.
General History of Dogmas
257-272
Relation to the preceding period, 257. Union of the Church and
State, 259. Influence of Nationalities, 260. The Oriental Church,
261. The Cappadocian Fathers, 262. Epiphanius of Salamis-Mar-
cellus of Ancyra-Platonic element in Synesius and Dionysius the
Areopagite, 263. The Aristotelian philosophy in Arius and Eunonures,
264. The Antiochian School, 265. The Western Church-Hilary of
Poictiers, Jerome, Ambrose, 267. The African Church-Augustin,
268. The Augustinian School-Facundus, Fulgentius, Leo the Great,
Gregory the Great, 272.
THE SPECIAL HISTORY OF DOGMAS
A. THE HISTORY OF INTRODUCTORY DOGMAS
a. On the Sources of Religious Knowledge.
1. Reason and Revelation.
273-417
273-285
The Rationalism of Manicheism- the Antiochian and Alexandrian
Schools-Augustin, 273.
2. Scripture and Tradition
273-280
The Scripture the normative source of religious knowledge in the
Eastern Church, 274; in the West, Tradition and the Authority of the Church were of great weight-Augustin, 275. General Councils-