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knot of females, who were always ready to administer the most obsequious flattery. In 1736 he had an attack of deafness and giddiness. The fate which, owing to his constitutional infirmities, he had always feared, at length reached him; the faculties of his mind decayed before his body, and a gradual decay of reason settled into absolute idiocy early in 1742. He died in 1745, in his seventy-eighth year.

SYDENHAM, THOMAS, a celebrated English physician, who was born in Dorsetshire in 1624, and in 1648 took the degree of bachelor of medicine at Oxford. He subsequently commenced practice as a physician at Westminster, and speedily attained great reputation. From 1660 to 1670 he held the first place in his profession, though it was not till the latter part of his career that he became a licentiate of

of distinguished individuals, who urged him to appear on the London boards. But circumstances led him to Paris, where he entered the royal school for declamation, and soon after made his debut at the Theatre Français in the character of Seide in Voltaire's "Mahomet." He was received with applause, and from this moment devoted himself with zeal and perseverance to the study of his art. He sought the society of distinguished literati and artists, studied history for the purpose of becoming acquainted with the manners and customs of nations, and the characters of remarkable individuals, and made himself master of the attitudes, costumes, expression, and drapery of the ancient statues. Talma rendered an important service to the French stage by introducing a reform in the costume. The revolution which now broke out under his eyes, with all its scenes of violence and passion, its displays of exalted virtue, and its excesses of cruelty, contributed to develope his peculiar talent. Chenier's tragedy of "Charles IX., or St. Bartholomew's," was brought forward at this time, and Talma studied the character of Charles in history, and his person in medals and portraits, and exhibited them with such truth and life that his reputation as the first French tragedian was established beyond dispute. He died in 1826.

TARTINI, GIUSEPPE, an Italian musician and composer, a native of Pirano, in the province of Istria, who was born in 1692. His father gave him an expensive education, with the view of qualifying him to follow the law as his profession, and had him also instructed in all the accomplishments of a gentleman. Among them music was not forgotten, but it was not till a secret marriage alienated from him the affections of his friends that he thought of making it conducive to his support. An ecclesiastic, connected with the family, procured him a situation in the orchestra of his convent, where an accident discovering his retreat, matters were at length accommodated, and he was enabled to settle with his wife at Venice. Here the example of the celebrated Veracini excited in him the strongest emulation; and he is said to have retired to Ancona for the sole purpose of being able to practise on the violin in greater tranquillity than circumstances allowed him to enjoy at Venice. After seven years' practice he obtained the situation of leader of the orchestra in the cathedral of St. Anthony at Padua. In this capacity he continued to act till death, with

the college. Being a great sufferer from the gout, he was unable in the latter part of his life to go much from home; but he continued to benefit society by his writings and advice till near the time of his decease in 1689. Dr. Sydenham's improvements form an era in the history of medicine. He first applied himself to an attentive observation of the phenomena of diseases, founding his practice on the obvious indications of nature, rather than on prevalent theories drawn from the principles of chemistry or mathe-increasing reputation, and declining, from devotion to matics.

TALMA, FRANCOIS JOSEPH.-This great tragic actor was born at Paris in 1763, but passed his youth in England, where his father practised as a dentist. He was sent to Paris to complete his studies; and his taste for the theatre was awakened by the dramatic masterpieces and the performances of distinguished actors which he there witnessed. The susceptibility of his temperament showed itself early. While he was at school, he and some of his companions performed a tragedy, in which he had to describe the last moments of a friend condemned to death by his father; the situation affected him so powerfully that he burst into a flood of tears, which continued to flow for some hours after the conclusion of the piece. After his return to London, Talma associated himself with some other young men, for the purpose of representing French plays, and displayed such brilliant powers as to attract the notice |

his patron saint, many advantageous offers both from Paris and London. A singular story is told respecting one of his most celebrated compositions. Besides his musical compositions, Tartini was the author of several treatises on the science. His death took place at Padua in 1770.

TASSO, BERNARDO, a distinguished epic and lyric poet, whose fame has, however, been eclipsed by that of his son Torquato. He was born at Bergamo, in 1493, and was of an ancient and noble family. His education was conducted with great care; and he not only cultivated the lighter literature, but devoted himself to the study of politics. He had already become known as a poet throughout Italy, when Guido Rangone, general of the pope, and a patron of learning, took him into his service, and employed him in managing the most difficult negotiations with Clement VII. at Rome, and Francis I. in France. Bernardo subsequently entered into the service of

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Renata, duchess of Ferrara, but soon left her court, | logues which he then composed on the subject. The and went first to Padua and then to Venice. Here cardinal Ludovico of Este appointed him a gentleman he published a collection of his poems, which gave of his court, and wished that he should be present in him a place among the first of living poets. Fer- Ferrara at the nuptials of his brother Alphonso with rante Sanseverino, prince of Salerno, engaged him an arch duchess of Austria. Tasso went, in October in his service, in 1531, as secretary, on honourable 1565, and attended the splendid fétes with which and advantageous terms. When the prince followed those nuptials were celebrated. The sisters of the Charles V. to Tunis, in a galley equipped at his own duke, Lucretia and Leonora, both indeed no longer cost, Tasso accompanied him, and, after his re- young, but beautiful and lovely, gave the poet their turn, was sent on public business to Spain. In 1539 friendship; in particular the latter, who presented he married the rich and beautiful Porzia de' Rossi, him to Alphonso. This prince, who knew that Tasso and retired, with the consent of the prince, to Sor-wished to celebrate the conquest of Jerusalem in an rento, where he lived till 1547. In 1563 the duke epic poem, received him in a most flattering manner, of Mantua engaged him in his service, and appointed and warmly encouraged his undertaking, so that the him governor of Ostiglia, where he died in 1569. poet returned to his labour, which had been interHis remains were interred at Mantua under a hand- rupted during two years, and determined to dedicate some monument erected by the duke, with the in- his work to the duke Alphonso, and to raise in it a scription, "Ossa Bernardi Tassi ;" but his son Tor-monument to the fame of the ducal house, from quato afterwards removed them to Ferrara. His which he then enjoyed such distinguished favour. chief work, "Armida," a romantic epic, displays For a short time only he left Ferrara to visit Padua, much talent and art: in the expression of the ten-Milan, Pavia, and Mantua, where he saw his father. der passions, in his descriptions of nature, in vivid He returned with increased celebrity. The heart of delineations of adventures and battles, all the orna-Tasso was much affected by the unexpected death of ments of poetry are happily introduced.

TASSO, TORQUATO.-This poet, celebrated for his immortal works, as well as his unhappy fate, was born in the year 1544 at Sorrento. His talents early and rapidly developed themselves. From his seventh to his tenth year he attended the schools of the Jesuits in Naples, and learned the Latin and Greek languages thoroughly. He then accompanied his father to Rome, where, under his superintendence, he continued his studies with equal success for two years. He then went to Bergamo, and six months after to Pesaro, where his father had met with a favourable reception from the duke of Urbino. Here he shared the instruction of the duke's son. His favourite studies were philosophy and poetry; but he also devoted himself to mathematics and chivalrous exercises. When his father resided at Venice, he remained there with him for a year, and then went, at the age of thirteen years, to Padua, with the intention of studying law. But his genius drew him irresistibly to poetry, and, at the age of seventeen years, he came out with an epic poem in twelve cantos, which he dedicated to the cardinal Ludovico | of Este. Italy received this with universal applause. His father consented, after a long opposition, that he should relinquish the study of the law. Torquato now devoted himself with redoubled zeal to literary and philosophical studies, and, with this view, accepted an invitation to Bologna. Here he commenced the execution of a plan of an epic poem, which he had already formed in Padua-the conquest of Jerusalem under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon. But, in the midst of these occupations, he was unexpectedly disturbed. He was falsely accused as the author of a satirical poem in circulation, and was subjected to a judicial examination. This induced him to leave Bologna. He went to Modena, and then accepted the invitation of the friend of his youth, the young Scipio Gonzaga, who had founded an academy in Padua, and wished to see Tasso at the head of it. He studied with great assiduity the philosophy of Aristotle, but still more that of Plato, towards whom he felt himself drawn by the cords of sympathy. Meanwhile, he did not lose sight of his epic poem. How intently the theory of this species of poem occupied him may be seen by the three dia

his father; but neither this misfortune, nor other distractions, prevented him from labouring every day on his poem, of which he had finished eight cantos, when he travelled in the suite of the cardinal of Este to France, in 1571. Here he was received with distinction by Charles IX., as well as by the whole court. The poet Ronsard was his friend; and they communicated to each other their poetical labours. In the mean time Tasso may have expressed himself too freely and unguardedly concerning some subjects which then occupied the minds of all: he lost the favour of the cardinal, and, in consequence, appears to have been involved in some embarrassments, and finally departed for Italy. He returned to Rome, and soon entered, according to his wishes, into the service of the duke Alphonso, by the mediation of the princess of Urbino, Lucretia of Este, and the princess Leonora. The conditions were favourable and honourable, and left him in possession of entire freedom. But hardly had he applied himself again to the work, which the world expected with impatience, when the death of the duchess again interrupted his labours. Alphonso soon after made a journey to Rome, and Tasso took advantage of the leisure thus afforded him to compose his "Aminto," the plan of which had been for a long time in his mind.

The representation of an idyl in dialogue, written by Agostino degl'Argenti, at which he had been present six years before, in Ferrara, had delighted him, and suggested to him the idea of a similar work. which he now completed in two months, and which far surpassed all that Italy then possessed of this kind. From this dramatic performance the opera may be considered to have taken its rise. The duke was most agreeably surprised, on his return, by this performance, and ordered the representation of it to be made with the greatest splendour. Tasso's consideration and favour with the duke increased; but his good fortune excited the envy of many, who continually meditated his ruin. The princess of Urbino wishing to become acquainted with the poem which was the subject of general admiration, Tasso paid her a visit at Pesaro, where the old prince Guidobaldo, as well as his son and daughter-in-law, received him in a very flattering manner. For several months he lived in the charming castle of Durante, in

the most intimate friendship with Lucretia, who will- But all this care was not sufficient to restore the ingly listened to the verses in which he immortalized poet's peace, and the duke at last saw himself under her. With rich presents he returned to Ferrara, and the necessity of letting him return, according to his occupied himself again with his epic poem, which he desire, to the Franciscans in Ferrara. His situation once more reluctantly discontinued, to accompany became continually worse: he imagined himself surthe duke to Venice, whither the latter went to meet | rounded by perils, gave himself the most painful reKing Henry III., who had just exchanged the throne proaches, and at last, in a state of mental disorder, of Poland for that of France, and who was now in- took advantage of a moment when he was not watched, vited to visit Ferrara. This journey took place in and, destitute of every thing, without even his manuthe hottest season of the year, and brought on the scripts, made his escape on the 20th of July, 1577. poet a fever, which continued a long time and inter- He hastened to his sister Cornelia, who lived in a rupted all his labours. During his convalescence, state of widowhood at Sorrento, in Naples, and who he finished, in the early part of the year 1575, his received him most tenderly. By her care he at last "Goffredo"-the fruit of so much exertion, and the began to grow composed. He repented of his presource of such great misfortunes to him. But he cipitate flight, and presented to the duke and princess wished, before publishing it, to obtain the judgment a petition that he might be restored to his place, but of his friends; and their discordant opinions per-particularly to their favour. He, indeed, went back plexed and agitated him to such a degree as to occa- to Ferrara; but his old malady soon returned, and sion another burning fever, from which, however, he he escaped a second time. In vain did he seek soon recovered. He immediately examined his work shelter in Mantua, Padua, and Venice; at the court anew, in order to retouch or alter it in particular of Urbino he first met with a worthy reception. But places. The duke treated him with redoubled atten- notwithstanding all the friendship and care with tion and distinction. Tasso accompanied him on his which he was treated, his melancholy acquired new journeys of pleasure to Belriguardo, and Lucretia, strength: he thought himself not secure; and, while who had separated from her husband, and had re- he fled from imaginary dangers, he rushed upon real turned to her brother, wished to have the poet always ones. He went at last to Turin. Here a friend rewith her. cognised him, extricated him from his embarrassments, and presented him to the marquis Filippo d'Este, who received him in a very friendly and liberal manner. The archbishop of Turin, an old friend of Bernardo Tasso, introduced him to Duke Charles Emanuel, who received him under the same conditions as those on which he had lived in Ferrara. Once more the unhappy Tasso took courage, and bright sparks shone through the gloomy mist which had veiled his mind, and which but too soon resumed the ascendency. He longed to be once more in Ferrara, and thought that the nuptials of the duke with Margareta Gonzaga would be the most suitable time for his appearance there. He went, but was bitterly disappointed. He was received on every side with indifference, even with mockery and contempt: neither the duke nor the princess admitted him to their presence; and he poured forth loud invectives against Alphonso and the whole court. The duke, instead of bestowing pity upon the unfortunate poet, commanded that he should be placed in St. Anne's hospital, and confined there as a madman. A new affliction to him was the information that his poem had appeared in print at Venice in a very mutilated condition. This first edition was quickly followed in different places by others, of which every successive one surpassed the preceding in correctness and completeness. Thus, in six months, six editions of the "Jerusalem Delivered" were printed. The printers and publishers enriched themselves, while the unhappy poet languished in close imprisonment, sick and forgotten. It was not till two years after that he was allowed by the duke, in consequence of his repeated entreaties, several apartments, instead of his prison-like abode. Here he enjoyed greater freedom, received visits from friends and strangers, and was permitted, from time to time, accompanied only by one person, to walk out, and to visit some society or place of amusement. The duke even once sent for Tasso at a time when some French and Italian noblemen were with him: he received him with kindness, and promised him a speedy release.

It was with difficulty that he obtained, under these circumstances, in November 1575, permission to go to Rome, in order to subject his poem to a new and thorough examination. Here he was well received, in particular by his friend Scipio di Gonzaga. By him he was presented to the cardinal Ferdinand de' Medici (brother, and afterwards successor, of the grand-duke of Tuscany), who, knowing that the poet was no longer pleased with Ferrara, proposed to him the service of the grand-duke. Tasso, however, declined, from a feeling of gratitude towards the house of Este He therefore soon returned to Ferrara, where, not long after, arrived the young and beautiful countess Leonora Sanvitali, wife of the count of Scandiano, a lady whom Tasso ardently admired, and whom he has celebrated in his poems. She also, on her part, was not insensible to his friendship; and the duke about this time conferred upon him the vacant office of historiographer to the house of Este: thus, to his misfortune, he found himself bound more closely to Ferrara; and the hatred of his rivals and enemies was increased. He was greatly troubled by the information that his poem had been printed in a city of Italy, as it did not appear to him sufficiently finished for the press, and as he saw himself, also, by this means, deprived of the advantages which he had hoped for from the labour of so many years. This and other troubles, partly real, partly imaginary, increased his melancholy: he believed himself persecuted by his enemies, calumniated, accused. In this state of mind, one evening, in the apartment of the duchess of Urbino, he drew his sword against one of her servants. This induced the duke to arrest him, and confine him in a house near the palace; but upon his entreaty he restored him to liberty, and merely desired that he would put himself under the care of a physician. A cure appeared to be effected, and the duke took him on a journey of pleasure to Belriguardo, in order to console and divert him, after he had caused the grand inquisitor to satisfy some scruples of conscience which had arisen in Tasso's mind, on account of doubts upon religious subjects.

At length Alphonso was softened, and, at the most

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argent entreaties, yielded up the person of the poet, | tion. The pope overwhelmed him with praises, and after an imprisonment of more than seven years, to said to him, his brother-in-law Vincenzo Gonzaga, prince of Man-receive as much honour from you as it has conferred "I give to you the laurel, that it may tua, who promised to keep such a watch over him upon those who have had it before you." The sothat Alphonso should have nothing to fear from him. lemnity was, however, delayed till the spring in order In Mantua Tasso met with the most friendly and ho- to give it the greater splendour. During the winter nourable reception, but his malady had taken too Tasso's health failed more and more: he felt his end deep root to leave him entirely. He, nevertheless, approaching, and ordered himself to be carried into resumed his literary labours: he completed, among the monastery of St. Onofrio, where he died, April other things," Floridante," which had been com- 25, 1595, the very day which had been appointed for menced by his father, and published it with a dedi- his coronation. We annex his autograph. ̧ cation to the duke of Mantua and Bologna. He also recomposed his tragedy "Torrismondo. In the next year he enjoyed the happiness of visiting Bergamo, where his appearance was celebrated by the whole city. The death of the duke of Mantua recalled him to that city. His son and successor manifested towards the poet the same kindness, but not the same friendship and confidence. Tasso began to be discontented with his residence in Mantua. He TAYLOR, JOHN, usually called the "Water received an honourable invitation to be professor in Poet," from his being a waterman, was born in Glouthe academy at Genoa, but was prevented by his cester, about 1580. He was taken young to London, sickness from accepting it. He then formed the re- and apprenticed to a waterman. He was at the taksolution of going to Rome. Here he was so well re-ing of Cadiz, under the earl of Essex, in 1596, and ceived, not only by Scipio Gonzaga, but also by seve- afterwards visited Germany and Scotland. At home ral cardinals, that he again entertained new hopes; he was many years collector for the lieutenant of the but nothing was effected, and he repaired in 1588 to Tower of London, of his fees of the wines from all Naples for the purpose of recovering the confiscated the ships which brought them up the Thames. When fortune of his parents. Here he occupied himself the civil wars broke out he retired to Oxford, where with a recomposition of his "Jerusalem Delivered," he kept a common victualling-house, and wrote pasin order to purge it from the faults which he per- quinades upon the Roundheads. He afterwards ceived in it, as well as from the praises bestowed in kept a public-house at Westminster. He died in it upon the house of Este. From Naples he re- 1654, aged seventy-four. His works are published turned to Rome, and finding there also occasion for under the title of "All the Works of John Taylor, discontent, he accepted the invitation of the grand- the Water Poet, being Sixty and Three in Number, duke of Florence. He repaired, in consequence of collected into One Volume by the Author, with sunurgent entreaties, to Mantua, to visit the duke Vin-dry new Additions, corrected, revised, and newly cenzo Gonzaga; and it would have been well for him imprinted." to have remained here if his continually declining TAYLOR, JEREMY, an eminent divine and prehealth had not made him desirous to go to Naples. late of the Irish church, was born in the year 1613, At the invitation of his friends he went thither at Cambridge, where his father was a barber. He in January 1592, and took up his abode with his was educated at Perse's free school in his native patron, the prince Conca. The completion of " Jeru- place, and entered in 1626 a sizar in Caius college, salem Conquered" was his first employment, and where he continued until he had graduated master was almost concluded when he became suspicious of arts. Entering into orders, he occasionally lecthat the prince_wished to take possession of his tured for a friend at St. Paul's cathedral, where he manuscripts. He communicated his apprehension attracted the attention of Archbishop Laud, who proto his friend Manso, who, with the consent of the cured him a fellowship of All Souls college, Oxford, duke, and without any violation of gratitude or friend- and in 1640 obtained for him the rectory of Uppingship, received him into his house, which was most ham. In 1642 he was created doctor of divinity at charmingly situated on the sea-coast. In the mean Oxford, at which time he was chaplain in ordinary to time Hippolitus Aldobrandini had ascended the papal Charles I. After the parliament proved victorious, chair as Clement VIII. Tasso had congratulated his living being sequestrated, he retired into Wales, his former patron upon this event, as he had before where he was kindly received by the earl of Carbery, done Urban VII., in an excellent canzone, and was under whose protection he was allowed to exercise at last obliged to comply with the repeated invitation his ministry and keep a school. In this obscure of the pope to come to Rome. The pope, as well as situation he wrote those copious and fervent disboth his nephews, in particular the cardinal Cintio courses, whose fertility of composition, eloquence of Aldobrandini, paid him the most delicate and friendly expression, and comprehensiveness of thought, have attentions. Tasso, from gratitude, dedicated to the rendered him one of the first writers in the English latter his "Jerusalem Conquered;" and the return language. The death of three sons within a short of his malady alone induced him to leave Rome and period rendered a change of place necessary for the again to return to Naples. Here he passed four restoration of his tranquillity; and he removed to months very happily in the circle of his friends. London, and officiated, not without danger, to priMeanwhile, Cintio, in order to draw him back to vate congregations of royalists. At length he acRome, had procured for him from the pope the ho- cepted an invitation from Lord Conway to reside at nour of a solemn coronation in the Capitol. At this his seat in Ireland, where he remained until the renews Tasso set off for Rome, where he arrived in No-storation, when he was elevated to the Irish see of vember 1594, and was received with great distinc- Down and Connor, with the administration of that of

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Dromore. He was also made a privy counsellor for lation of the works of Plato and the Platonic comIreland, and chosen vice-chancellor of the university of Dublin. He conducted himself on his advancement with all the attention to his duties, public and private, which had ever distinguished him in humble situations. Piety, humility, and charity, were his leading characteristics; and on his death, at Lisburne, in 1667, he left but very moderate fortunes to his three daughters.

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mentators. Mr. Taylor also laboured for the booksellers; but the remuneration which he received from them was inadequate to his toil. For his translation of "Pausanias" he was paid only 60l. If we contemplate the numerous obstacles which opposed his progress, it is impossible not to admire the steady perseverance with which he pursued his course; and it is little to the credit of England, that a man of such powers of mind, and such extensive learning, should so long have been left to struggle through the world with no other patronage than that of a few private individuals.

TAYLOR, JANE, an amiable and accomplished female writer, who was born in 1783, in London. Her father was a highly respectable artist. While quite young, she gave evident indications of poetic talent. Mr. Taylor became, in 1792, pastor of a dissenting congregation at Colchester, whither he carried his daughters, and taught them his own art of engraving. In the intervals between these pursuits, Miss Taylor committed the effusions of her genius to writing, and contributed to "The Minor's PocketBook," a small publication, in which her first work, "The Beggar Boy," appeared in 1804. From this period until 1813 she continued to publish, occasionally, miscellaneous pieces in verse, of which the principal are, "Original Poems for Infant Minds,"

TAYLOR, JOHN, LL. D., a distinguished scholar and critic, the son of a barber at Shrewsbury. He received the rudiments of education at the grammar school of his native town, and was entered of St. John's college, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow in 1730. In 1732 he was appointed librarian of the university, which office he soon after quitted for that of registrar. He published an edition of Lysias in 1739, and in 1742 became a member of Doctors' Commons. Two years afterwards he was made chancellor of Lincoln; and in 1751, entering into orders, was presented to the living of Lawford, an Essex. He published, in 1755, "Elements of Civil Law." He died in 1766, after having just completed an edition of Demosthenes, in two volumes. TAYLOR, THOMAS, well known by the title of the Platonist," was born in London, of obscure parents, in 1758, and at the age of nine years was placed at St. Paul's school, it being intended to educate him as a dissenting minister. Disgusted, how-" Rhymes for the Nursery," and some verses in ever, with the manner in which the dead languages are taught, he prevailed on his father to relinquish this plan. He was then only twelve years old; yet he became deeply enamoured of a Miss Morton, who afterwards gave him her hand. While at home, Ward's "Young Mathematician's Guide" inspired him with a love of mathematics, and, though his father was adverse to the study, the youth soon contrived to become a proficient in his favourite science. When he was fifteen he was placed under an uncle, at Sheerness, who was an officer of the dock-yard-a situation irksome in its nature, and rendered more so by the tyranny of his uncle. After enduring it for three years he became pupil to a dissenting preacher, with the view of entering into the church. At this period he also renewed his acquaintance with Miss Morton, to whom he was secretly married. Their secret was, however, betrayed, and they were thrown upon the world with scarcely sufficient resources to prevent them from starving. At length Mr. Taylor obtained employment as usher to a school at Paddington, which, as it kept him absent from his wife, he exchanged for that of a clerk in a banking-house in the city. Still his pecuniary means were so limited that in the course of the day he could not obtain a proper quantity of food, and he often fell senseless on the floor when he reached his home. At length his circumstances were somewhat amended.

Having made himself master of the works of Aristotle, he passed on to those of Plato, and the commentators on Plato's philosophical writings. After he had been nearly six years in the banking-house, the failure of his health, and the nature of his occupation, determined him to procure some more eligible mode of living. An attempt to construct a perpetual lamp made him advantageously known to several eminent persons, who enabled him to emancipate himself from the drudgery of the banking-house. The munificence of a private individual, Mr. William Meredith, now put it in his power to publish a trans

"The Associate Minstrels." A prose composition of higher pretensions, which appeared in 1815, under the name of "Display," met with much success. Her last and principal work consists of "Essays in Rhyme on Morals and Manners," didactic poems, written with much elegance and feeling. This amiable and intellectual female died of a pulmonary complaint in April 1823.

TELL, WILLIAM, a distinguished Swiss patriot, who was born in the canton of Uri. His parents were in humble circumstances, and Tell having offended Gesler, the Austrian governor, he was condemned to fire at a mark placed on the head of his own son. This he succeeded in doing, and afterwards killed Gesler, while riding near Kusnacht,

which led to the establishment of Swiss independ ence in 1308. A chapel was afterwards erected to mark the spot where Tell effected his escape from Gesler; and it is represented in the above engraving.

TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, an eminent statesman, who was born in London in 1628. At the age