the greatest pleasure as unflawed gems of art. The interiors of guard-rooms and of chymists' laboratories are worthy of unqualified praise; and the meetings of respectable parties at a festivity are conducted with a studied decorum without detracting from the hilarity. The kitchens are remarkable for the elaborate details; no painter of mere still life was ever more exact in representing the utensils, nor painter of dead game more correct in birds, venison, fish, and other provisions for a feast. A masterly effect of light and shade may be observed in these scenes. The temptations of St. Anthony (as they are called) and the incantations, owe all their value to the mechanical execution and the rich colouring so often bestowed on them; indeed, so beautiful are some in the last respect, that it may be supposed they were particularly favourite subjects with the artist. They who are desirous of seeing the finest works of Teniers must seek for them in Buckingham Palace, in Lord Ellesmere's Collec tion, and those of Sir Robert Peel, Lord Ashburton, the Dukes of Wellington and Rutland, Mr. Hope, the Marquis of Bute, Lord Radnor, and others that (as heir-looms) are likely to remain undisturbed by change of proprietorship. If the amateur seek them abroad he will find the Hermitage at St. Petersburg stored with numbers of the most valuable, and also the galleries of the Louvre, Munich, Dresden, and Berlin supplied with specimens well worthy of his inspection.

See the article David Teniers, under the head of Principal Painters; also, Exteriors, and other divisions.

TERBURG, GERARD. See the article under the head of Principal Painters. The finest specimens of this artist in England are in the Royal Collection, and in the Earl of Ellesmere's, Sir Robert Peel's, Mr. Hope's, and Lord Ashburton's; others there are in less known cabinets, more liable to change the proprietorship, so it might be misdirecting the amateur to name them. The Louvre, the Hermitage at St. Petersburg, the galleries at Dresden, Munich, and Amsterdam, possess some of very high value; the English National Gallery none.

THIELENS, JAN, flourished at Antwerp about 1694; he imitated Teniers in the representation of sculptors' and painters' studios, chymists' laboratories, &c.

TORRENTIUS, JOHANNES, painted conversations, domestic

subjects, and still life, and his pictures were greatly admired for the beauty of the finishing and the truth and delicacy of the colouring. Such were his earlier productions; but as he grew older he became depraved, and painted subjects that brought on him punishment from the magistrates and genèral contempt. He was born, either at Amsterdam or Haerlem, in 1589, and died in obscurity in 1640.

VANDERBURGH, ADRIAN, born at Dort in 1693, was a scholar of Houbraken, and an imitator of Mieris and Metsu. His conversations, domestic subjects, and small portraits are agreeably coloured, and painted in a neat, polished manner. He died in 1733.

VANDYCK, PHILIP, painted gallant assemblies, ladies at the toilet, practising music, or at other employments of females of the higher ranks. In these he imitated the styles of Mieris, Metsu, Vander Werf, and others remarkable for high finishing. He was skilful in adapting the style to the subject, and there is a remarkable air of gentility in all his figures, a liveliness in their actions, rich colouring in the draperies, and facility, united with care, in the execution. His pictures are to be found only in first-rate collections. He was born at Amsterdam in 1680, and died in 1752. See also Imitators of Metsu and Vander Werf

VERHELST, PETER, or PAUL. See Imitators of Gerard

Dou.

VERKOLIE, NICOLAS. See Imitators of Metsu.

VERMEER, JAN, generally called Vander Meer of Delft. See Imitators of Metsu and De Hooge.

VERSCHURING, WILLIAM, was a scholar of Verkolie, and painted interiors with domestic subjects and conversations, and also small portraits, in the manner of his master. His pictures were held in estimation, and no doubt, from what he produced, he would have obtained celebrity in the art if he had not abandoned it for commercial pursuits. He was born at Gorcum in 1657.

VOYS, ARY DE. The pictures of this master are generally of single figures, very highly finished, though freely executed, richly coloured, and harmonious in tone. He frequently painted a jolly toper, without disguise, holding a large globular Dutch glass in his hand filled with exhilarating liquor, or seated at a table on which is an ale pitcher, enjoy

ing his pipe with great apparent satisfaction; but there is nothing offensive. A sportsman holding game, or the keeper of a fish stall, also served him for a subject, and they are represented with great glee. His compositions of several figures are very few, and in these he blends the styles of Francis Mieris and Slingelandt; in others, imitations of various Flemish and Dutch masters, remarkable for their fine colouring and high finishing, may be detected.

See Imitators of F. Mieris.

WALRAVEN, ISAAC, painted interiors with children sporting and small historical subjects. He was a good colourist, and understood chiaroscuro. His pictures would be more esteemed were they not defective in drawing. Several pictures in the Dusseldorf Gallery were copied by him. was born at Amsterdam in 1686, and died there in 1765.

He

WERF, ADRIAN VANDER. The cabinet pictures of interiors, of what are called fancy subjects, by this eminent painter are very few; the greater number of his being taken from history, sacred and profane, or from ancient mythology and poetical inventions, and represented mostly in landscapes; or they are portraits of German princes, and other persons of rank. See the article, under the heads of Princi pal Painters, Historical and Portrait Painters.

WINTER, GILES DE, painted boors carousing, in the manner of Brakenburg; his pictures are ingeniously composed and the colouring good, but negligent in the drawing. He was born at Leewarden in 1650, and died in 1720.

WULFRAET, or WULFRAAT, MATTHIAS, painted assemblies and conversations of persons of a superior class, which he composed with taste and finished with delicacy. He also painted domestic and historical subjects, and portraits in small. He was born at Arnheim in 1648, and died at Amsterdam in 1727.

WYCK, THOMAS, painted chymists' laboratories and other interiors; his penciling and colouring resemble Peter van Laer's and Jan Miel's. See Exteriors, Seaports, &c.

ZACHTLEVEN, or SAFTLEVEN, CORNELIUS, painted corpsde-garde with soldiers amusing themselves at cards; armour and warlike weapons; interiors of farm-houses; kitchens, and objects of still life; in all of which he displays considerable talent. See also Exteriors, &c.

ZORG, OF SORGH, properly HENRY MARTIN ROKES, painted interiors of Dutch apartments with objects of still life and peasants of both sexes, amusing themselves, or employed in domestic occupations. His penciling is light and free, and his colouring subdued and harmonious, occasionally approaching to that of Adrian Brouwer; and the chiaroscuro is commendable. His interiors are generally of small size, well composed, and neatly finished. It is supposed that he received some instruction from Teniers, but his pictures have more of the Dutch than Flemish manner, though they sometimes partake of both. See also Painters of Exteriors, &c.

ZYL, or ZEYL, GERARD PIETERSZ VAN, sometimes called Gherard van Leyden, painted conversations and familiar subjects, but was more distinguished as a portrait painter, and as an assistant to Van Dyck in the draperies and backgrounds of his pictures, when in England. He was born in 1606, and died in 1667.

EXTERIORS,

VILLAGE FESTIVALS, MARKETS, FAIRS, ETC.

ANCHILLUS, N

painted rural and other scenes, sometimes in the manner of Teniers, and others in the manner of Watteau. His talent consisted in copying. See Animals and Dead Game.

BALTEN, PETER, painted landscapes with village festivals and fairs, in the style of Peter Breughel; they are quite Flemish in character; the figures are well drawn and neatly penciled. He was born at Antwerp in 1540, and died

in 1611.

BERKHEYDEN, JOB, painted village festivals and merrymakings with considerable ability; the figures in his brother Gerard's architectural views are by him. See also Small Landscapes and Figures.

BEUCKELAER, JOACHIM, who painted interiors of kitchens, dead game, &c., also painted market-places, fairs, kermesses, and humorous subjects, in which he introduced a great number of figures. He is spirited in his handling, and his colouring is appropriate. See Painters of Still Life.

BLOOT, PETER. The subjects in which he excelled were the pastimes of the lowest orders in the scale of civilized society, insomuch that many of the parties appear to have lost all sense of decency, if they ever possessed it, and can only be recognised as human in their uncouth vulgar forms. Boors drinking, dancing, quarrelling, fighting; villagers celebrating a wedding, feasting, toying, and otherwise nauseously indulging, are his general compositions. The figures and the propensities are suited to each other; the figures are short and ungraceful, the propensities merely animal and