Pray to remember, Gunpowder treason and plot, Therefore it shall not be forgot. "Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, Strove to blow all England up; But God's mercy did prevent, And sav'd our king and his parliament. Happy was the man, And happy was the day, That caught Guy, Going to his play, With a dark lanthorn, And a brimstone match, Ready for the prime to touch. "As I was going through the dark entry, I spied the devil, Stand back! stand back! Queen Mary's daughter, Put your hand in your pocket And give us some money, To kindle our bonfire. Huzza! Huzza!" In the parish accounts of Islip, Oxfordshire, for 1700, 18 the entry, "For ringing on gunpowder treason, 28. 6d." The following is the ballad now used in that village : "The fifth of November, Since I can remember, Gunpowder treason and plot : For Victoria's sake; I'll take two: The better for me, And the worse for you." The sovereign's name is of course adapted to the period; but the above has certainly been current in the parish for nearly a century.] OF MARTINMAS. NOVEMBER 11. FORMERLY a custom prevailed everywhere amongst us, though generally confined at present to country villages, of killing cows, oxen, swine, &c., at this season, which were cured for the winter, when fresh provisions were seldom or never to be had. In Tusser's Five Hundred Points of Husbandry, under June, "The Farmers Daily Diet," are the following lines : : "When Easter comes, who knows not than, And Martilmass Beefe doth bear good tacke, With this note in Tusser Redivivus, 1744, p. 78: "Martlemass beef is beef dried in the chimney, as bacon, and is so called because it was usual to kill the beef for this provision about the feast of St. Martin, Nov. 11." Hall, in his Satires, mentions -" dried flitcnes of some smoked beeve, "A piece of beef hung up since Martlemass" is also mentioned in the Pinner of Wakefield, 1599. In the Statistical Account of Scotland, 1793, vi, 517, parish of Forfar, we read: about fifty or sixty years ago, "between Hallowmass and Christmass, when the people laid in their winter provisions, about twenty-four beeves were killed in a week; the best not exceeding sixteen or twenty stone. A man who had bought a shilling's worth of beef, or an ounce of tea, would have concealed it from his neighbours like murder." In the same work, ix, 326, parish of Tongland, Kirkcudbright, we have some extracts from a Statistical Account, "drawn up about sixty or seventy years ago," i. e. from 1793, in which it is stated that "at Martilmass" the inhabitants "killed an old ewe or two, as their winter provision, and used the sheep that died of the braxy in the latter end of autumn.” Îbid. xiv. 482, parish of Wigton: "Almost no beef, and very little mutton, was formerly used by the common people; generally no more than a sheep or two, which were killed about Martinmass, and salted up for the provision of the family during the year." Ibid. xvi. 460, parishes of Sandwick and Stromness, Orkney, we read: "In a part of the parish of Sandwick, every family that has a herd of swine, kills a sow on the 17th day of December, and thence it is called Sow-day. There is no tradition as to the origin of this practice.' Two or more of the poorer sort of rustic families still join to purchase a cow, &c., for slaughter at this time, called always in Northumberland a mart; the entrails of which, after having been filled with a kind of pudding meat, consisting of blood, suet, groats,2 &c., are formed into little sausage links, boiled, and sent about as presents. They are called black-puddings from their colour. The author of the Convivial Antiquities, tells us that in Germany there was in his time a kind of entertainment called "The feast of Sausages, or Gut-puddings," which was wont to be celebrated with great joy and festivity. Butler mentions the black-pudding in his Hudibras, speaking of the religious scruples of some of the fanatics of his time: "Some for abolishing black-pudding, And eating nothing with the blood in." 1 Mart, according to Skinner, is a fair. He thinks it a contraction of Market. These cattle are usually bought at a kind of cow fair, or mart, at this time. Had it not been the general name for a fair, one might have been tempted to suppose it a contraction of Martin, the name of the saint whose day is commemorated. This word occurs in the Lawes and Constitutions of Burghs made be King David the 1st at the New Castell upon the Water of Tyne,' in the Regiam Majestatem, 1609, " Chap. 70, of buchers and selling of flesh. 2. The fleshours shall serve the burgessis all the time of the slauchter of Nairts; that is, fra Michaelmes to Zule, in preparing of their flesh and in preparing of their flesh and in laying in of their lardner." 2 Groats, i. e., Oats hulled, but unground.-Gloss. of Lancashire words. The etymology is from the Anglo-Saxon. The common people, in the North of England, have a saying that "blood without groats is nothing," meaning that "family without fortune is of no consequence." There is some philosophy in this vulgarism, the pun in which is absolutely unintelligible except to those who are acquainted with the composition of a black-pudding. 366 Hujusmodi porrò conviviis in ovium tonsura apud Hebreos antiquitus celebrari solitis videntur similia esse illa quæ apud nos, cum in urbe, tum in pagis, post pecorum quorundam, ut ovium, boum, ac præsertim suuni mactationem summa cum lætitia agitari solent. 'Farciminum convivia' vulgo appellantur." p. 62. The Feast of St. Martin is a day of debauch among Christians on the Continent: the new wines are then begun to be tasted, and the Saint's day is celebrated with carousing. Aubanus tells us that in Franconia there was a great deal of eating and drinking at this season; no one was so poor or so niggardly that on the feast of St. Martin had not his dish of the entrails either of oxen, swine, or calves. They drank, too, as he also informs us, very liberally of wine on the occasion. 66 In the ancient Calendar of the Church of Rome, so often quoted in this work, I find the subsequent observations on the 11th of November. Martinalia, geniale Festum. Vini delibantur et defecantur. Vinalia, veterum festum huc translatum. Bacchus in Martini figura,” i. e. wines are tasted and drawn from the lees. The Vinalia, a feast of the ancients, removed to this day. Bacchus in the figure of Martin. In Nichols's Illustrations, 1797, among the churchwardens' accounts of St. Martin Outwich, London, pp. 272-3, are the following articles: 1517. "Payd on Seynt Marten's Day for bred and drynke for the syngers, vd." 1524. "It'm for mendyng of the hovell on Sent Marten, vjd. It'm for rose garlands, brede, wyne, and ale, on ij. Sent Marten's Days, xvd. ob." 1525. "Payd for brede, ale, and wyne, and garlonds, on Seynt Martyn's Day, the translacyon, xvjd." Stukely, Iter. vi. 131, speaking of Martinsall-hill, observes: "I take the name of this hill to come from the merriments among the northern people, call'd Martinalia, or drinking healths to the memory of St. Martin, practis'd by our Saxon and Danish ancestors. I doubt not but upon St. Martin's Day, or Martinmass, all the young people in the neighbourhood assembled here, as they do now, upon the adjacent St. Ann'shill upon St. Ann's Day." A note adds, "St. Martin's Day, in the Norway clogs, is marked with a goose; for on that day they always feasted with a roasted goose: they say, St. Martin being elected to a bishoprick, hid himself (noluit episcopari), but was discovered by that animal. We have transferred the ceremony to Michaelmas." The learned Moresin refers the great doings on this occasion, which, he says, were common to almost all Europe in his time, to an ancient Athenian festival, observed in honour of Bacchus, upon the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth days of the month Anthesterion, corresponding with our November.' Aubanus, before cited, seems to confirm this conjecture, though there is no mention of the slaughter of any animal in the description of the rights of the Grecian festival. The eleventh month had a name from the ceremony or "tapping their barrels on it;" when it was customary to make merry. See Potter's Grecian Antiquities. It is very observable that the fatted goose,2 so common in England at Michaelmas, is by the above foreign authors, and others, marked as one of the delicacies in common use at every table on the continent at Martinmass.3 1 Пootyta mense Novembri celebrabantur apud Athenienses. Plutarch, in 8. Sympos. 10, sicuti nostris temporibus in omni fere Europa undecima Novembris, quæ D. Martino dicata est. Mercur. variar. lect. lib. i. cap. 15. Papatus, p. 127. 2 The learned Moresin tells us: "Anser Isidi sacer erat. Alex. ab. Alex. lib. iii. cap. 12. In papatu autem ea cura est cuidam Gallo omnis commendata. Buling, cap. 34, lib. de Orig. Erron. Cult. Deorum." p. 12. I find the following epigram in a Collection in quarto, entitled, in Mensium Opera et Donaria Decii Ausonii Magni, Nov. :" "Carbaseo surgens post hunc indutus amictu Mensis, ab antiquis sacra deamque colit. Also in another collection, " de iisdem : Henrici Ranzovii Eq. et Proreg. Holsat. Nov. :" "Ligna vehit, mactatque boves, et lætus ad ignem Ad pastum in sylvam porcos compellit, et ipse Pinguibus interea vescitur anseribus." Miscellanea Menologica, 4to. Francof. 1590. In profesto autem Martini mos est apud Christianos ansere et musto liberaliter per singulas fere ædes fruendi. Unde et Martinianus anser ille appellatur: et mustum creditur mox sequenti die in vinum verti. hoc ritu ita canit Thomas Naogeorgus, lib. iv. Papistici Regni : "Altera Martinus dein Bacchanalia præbet, Quem colit anseribus populus, multoque Lyæo, De |