the exception of three narrow areas extending nearly to the poles, which are smooth and slightly depressed and contain the openings.

35. Algarroba. Algarroba pollen most abundant. Others were Malvastrum, Cruciferous, and Ellipsoidal types.

62. Prickly Pear. Large quantities of Algarroba pollen were found. Others were Malvastrum, Cactus, Grass (possibly sugar-cane pollen), and Composite types, the last of the Chicoriaceous subtype as in No. 97.

87. Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.). Eucalyptus pollen was about the least abundant of any type found in this sample. Others were Algarroba, Composite (two kinds), and Mezoneuron types. Bright yellow, spherical pollen grains of a coarsely granular appearance and having eight openings and a diameter of 20 μ to 22 μ were common. There were also a few light-colored spherical grains, 24 μ in diameter, with three openings and a coarsely indented surface. 88. Ohia Lehua (Metrosideros villosa Smith). Metrosideros, Eucalyptus, Composite (two kinds), Algarroba, Cucurbitaceous types, spherical yellow pollen as in No. 87, and a few others lacking distinctive characters.

94. "Seaweed with blue flowers." This sample contained very little pollen. There were a few stray grains of the Waltheria and Algarroba types and some too much collapsed to be recognized.

95. Verbena bonariensis, Ipomoea, Thevetia nereifolia, Malvastrum americanum, Lantana, Guava, and Keawe. Magnolia (two kinds), Leguminous, Composite, Guava, Algarroba, Lantana, Mezoneuron types, and spherical granular pollen 60 μ in diameter. Neither Ipomoea, Thevetia, nor Malvastrum pollen, which are all quite characteristic, was found.

96. Honeydew from sugar cane. The pollen found was of the Algarroba and Acacia types. The grains were few.

97. Honeydew from sugar cane; flowers of Lantana, Waltheria americana, Heteropogon contortus, Verbena bonariensis, and Guara. Pollen of Acacia and Malvastrum types predominated. Others were Guava, Waltheria americana (very few), Lantana, Mezoneuron, and Composite types. There were two kinds of pollen of the Composite type, one of them like that of the Chicoriaceous subtype, but smaller. than that of the Dandelion, 24 μ in diameter. 98. Thimbleberry and forest flowers. Eucalyptus, Leguminous, and a few grains of the Algarroba type. Reticulated pollen 55 in diameter as in the Polygonum type, Composite pollen of the Chicoriaceous subtype as in No. 97. Round, dark colored, pollen 40 μ to 44 μ in diameter with indented walls and three or four openings. Pollen 28 μ in diameter and resembling the Basswood type but subtriangular in outline instead of round.

μ

99. Honeydew from sugar cane; flowers of Algarroba. Algarroba pollen very abundant. Others were composite (two kinds, one of

them of the Chicoriaceous subtype as in No. 97), Waltheria, Mezoneuron, Subtriangular, Cactus, Eucalyptus, Leguminous, and Malvastrum types.

100. Honeydew from sugar cane; flowers of Algarroba and weeds. Algarroba pollen very abundant. Others were Malvastrum, Acacia (70 μ to 75 μ in diameter), Balsam, Composite, and Magnolia types and a few grains lacking distinctive character.

KEY TO POLLENS COMMONLY FOUND IN AMERICAN HONEYS.

The following key has been prepared to facilitate the identification of pollens found in honeys. It is necessarily incomplete and will probably lead to only approximately accurate results for reasons already explained. The pollens are described as they appear in honey or after standing some time in a glucose solution, and not necessarily as they appear when mounted in water or other ordinary mounting media:

I. Pollen grains, compound.

A. Granules 4, symmetrically arranged.

a. Grains under 50 μ in diameter..

b. Grains 60 μ to 65 μ in diameter.

Mountain laurel.

Azalea.

c. Grains 80 μ in diameter, dark colored surface covered with polygonal rough areas...

B. Granules 16, in 3 parallel planes__.

II. Pollen grains, simple.

A. Pollen spiny.

Catalpa.
Acacia.

a. Pollen grains over 50 μ in diameter, spherical___Malvaceous type.
1. Pollen grains 100 μ or more in diameter.

A. Spines conical, closely arranged Cotton, Morning-glory.
B. Spines pointed and nearly cylindrical; less numerous:
several openings
Squash.

b. Pollen over 50 μ in diameter; subtriangular, spines very small.

a. Pollen grains with single opening or with no definite opening.
1. Purse-shaped pollen_-_.

Magnolia type.

2. Ovoidal pollen with opening at larger end_______Grass type. 3. Pollen grain provided with two membranous floats or wings. Coniferous type.

b. Pollen grains normally with three openings; spherical, ellipsoidal or triangular.

1. Surface of the grains coarsely reticulated.

A. Pollen grains ellipsoidal; over 75 μ in length.

Liliaceous type.

B. Pollen grains ellipsoidal; under 75 μ in length.
a. Pollen dark colored; about 50 μ in length.

Buckwheat.

B. Pollen lighter colored and usually smaller than in a--

C. Pollen grains spherical....

Eriogonum.
Polygonum.

D. Pollen grains spherical or subtriangular; over 50 μ in
Cactus type.

length

2. Surface of the ellipsoidal grains covered with fine longi

tudinal striations

Strawberry.

3. Surface of the grains not striated or coarsely reticulated. A. Grains ellipsoidal or spherical.

a. Openings located in longitudinal three-curved

grooves.

a. Grains over 50 μ in length; nearly spherical.

Persimmon.

b. Grains about 40 μ in length.

Sumac and others.

c. Grains under 35 μ in length.

Willow, poplar, lobelia, and others.

B. Longitudinal grooves when present not three

curved.

a. Pollen grains less than 20 μ in length.

Chestnut, yellowwood, cleome. b. Pollen grains between 20 μ and 35 μ in length. 1. Grains very narrow in proportion to the length; the length being to the diameter as 3 or 4 to 2. Umbelliferous type. 2. Grains less narrow in proportion to the length; length about 30 μ____Melilotus. 3. Grains still less narrow in proportion to the length.

*Protuberances large; length of grain 24 μ to 28 μ.

+Protuberances in equator of grain.

B. Grains triangular, subtriangular, or lenticular.
a. Openings subtended by clear areas.

a. Lenticular pollen 30 μ to 35 μ in diameter,
presenting the appearance of a three-lobed
figure inscribed in a circle_ Basswood.

b. Pollen nearly spherical, about 25 μ in diame-
ter
Hop type.

c. Pollen triangular; angles clear; diameter 20

++Pollen grains subtriangular; diameter 32 μ to 45 μTupelo type.

c. Pollen grains normally with more than three openings.

1. Pollen grains oblong and sac-shaped, with four openings situated at the corners. Balsam type.

2. Pollen grains nearly spherical, normally with four or five openings arranged equatorially; diameter 30 μ to 40 μ. Citrus type.

3. Pollen grains approximately spherical, but having a number of faces each provided with an opening; the intervening space reticulated; diameter over 100 μ.

Cactus type (Opuntia).

4. Pollen grains having the shape of flattened ellipsoids; openings six, about equally distributed around the greatest circumference_. Labiate type.

CHEMICAL LITERATURE ON HONEY FROM 1892 TO 1907.

Compiled by A. H. BRYAN.

1892.

DIETERICH, EUGEN. The Value of Dialysis in Distinguishing Honey and the Chemistry of Honey, by Oscar Haenle. Helfenberger Annalen, 1892 (1893), 61; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (2): 1035.

MORPURGO, GIULIO. Honey. Zts. Nahr.-Unters. Hyg. Waarenk., 6: 307, 337; abs. Centrbl., 1892, 63 (2): 516, 614.

PLUGGE, P. C. Poisonous Honey of Rhododendron Ponticum. Abs. Centrbl., 1892, 63 (1): 70.

SENDELE, A. Chemical Analysis of Honey according to Haenle's Method. Zts. Nahr.-Unters. Hyg. Waarenk., 6: 271; abs. Centrbl., 1892, 63 (2): 428. WILEY, H. W. Honey from the Aphis or Leaf Louse. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 14: 350; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (1): 691.

1893.

BEISTERFELD. Honey Analysis. Rev. intern. falsific., 7: 43; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (1) 118.

DELTOUR, EM. Chemical Analysis of Honey. Rev. intern. falsific., 7: 182, 204; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (2) : 455, 672.

FAJANS, A. The So-called Turkish Honey. Chem. Ztg., 17: 1826; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (1): 244.

MANSFIELD, M. The Dialysis of Honey. Zts. Nahr.-Unters. Hyg. Waarenk., 7: 33; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (1): 805.

MAQUENNE. Composition of the Exudation of the Linden. Compt. rend., 117: 127; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (2): 460.

NEUBERGER, A. The Haenle Method for Honey. Zts. Nahr.-Unters. Hyg. Waarenk., 7: 163; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (2) :,164.

VILLARET, W. L. Composition of Russian Honey. Pharm. Z. Russland, 32: 55; Viertelj. Fortschr. Chem. Nahrungsm., 8: 26; abs. Centrbl., 1893, 64 (2): 613.

WEIGLE, TH. The Examination of Honey by Dialysis.

Lebensm., 1: 65; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (1): 526.

Forschungsber.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF SWISS ANALYTIC CHEMISTS ON METHODS OF EXAMINING HONEY. Schweiz. Wochens. Chem. Pharm., 32: 4; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (1): 397.

1894.

HEFELMANN, RUDOLF. Dextrorotatory Bees Honey. Pharm. Centralh., 35: 481; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (2): 585.

HEFELMANN, RUDOLF. Dextrorotatory Floral Honey. Pharm. Centralh., 35: 527; abs. Centrbl., 1894, 65 (2): 656.