The ancient manor of Lambeth, even in its earliest associations, is replete with interest. It dates back about eight centuries, and has been the Archi-

The ex

pense of its erection was imposed by the Pope upon Archbishop Boniface, as a punishment for an of fence he had committed against His Holiness. The Lollards' Tower is rife with the melancholy story of the suffering followers of Wickliffe. The great hall is beautifully decorated, and there is a noble collection of rare books: this library was founded in 1610. It contains upwards of 25,000 volumes, some. of which are very choice. Monuments of Arch

bishop Laud, Parker, Latimer, Cranmer, etc., are here. Many celebrated councils were held at Lambeth Palace. The much admired Hall was built by Bishop Juxon, in 1662. Lambeth Palace was the ancient residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury. At the top of one of its towers is the prison in which the Lollards were confined.

The original building, erected in 1191, was first intended for a college of canons; but, as the Pope refused his consent to its establishment, it was converted into an archiepiscopal palace, and has ever since been the town residence of the primate of all } England. Great additions were made to it about 1250, and in the fifteenth century Archbishop Chichele built a square stone tower towards the river, called the Lollards' Tower. Subsequent additions were made by Cranmer, Pole, Parker, Juxon, Sancroft, and Tillotson; but the whole, as seen from the outside, is a very dull-looking brick structure, little interesting except from its antiquity. The additions, completed in 1833, at a cost of nearly 80,000l., are executed in better taste.

The Lollards, a sect of liberal opinions, grew out of a schism in the Romish Church, which took its rise about the middle of the 14th century. As early as 1322, one Walter Lollard is said to have suffered martyrdom at Cologne, for similar heretical

opinions. Fierce persecutions pursued the Lollards; the first victim was Sawtre, Rector of Lynn, in Norfolk. He was burned in Smithfield, 1401. In 1413, happened the ill-judged and fatal rising of the Lollards under Sir John Oldcastle. They were speedily overthrown, and the grievous spectacle of the stake and the faggot was the frequent result. The Lollards' Tower, the stronghold of tyranny and persecution, was used for the incarceration of these unfortunate victims of Romish bigotry.

Returning over Westminster Bridge, we shall have to retrace our steps in passing up to the Strand and its vicinity. Instead, however, of going through Parliament-street, let us take a dingy, dirty, narrow lane running parallel, a little to the west. It is called King-street, and through this same thoroughfare were performed the royal progresses of the dainty Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., to the Parliament House. Oliver Cromwell and "his iron band" trudged through the same street. Cromwell, indeed, once lived in it, as is seen by the following extracts from the newspapers of the time.

Referring to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, continues the writer:

"This aftern one, when the House was rising, and had adjourned untill the Thursday following, Cromwell did take his

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leave of Master Speaker and all the members then present, and taking horse at his house in King-street, he advanced towards Windsor, it being his way towards Ireland, attended with a retinue of gallant men for his life-guard; the trumpets sounding all the way as they marched through the streets.”*

"This evening, about five of the clock, (July 10,) the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland began his journey, by the way of Windsore, and so to Bristol; he went forth in that state and equipage as the like has hardly been seen; himselfe in a coach of six gallant Flanders' mares, whitish-grey, divers coaches accompanying him, and very many great officers of the army; his life-gaurd consisting of 80 gallant men, the meanest whereof a commander or esquire in stately habit, with trumpets sounding almost to the shaking of Charing Cross, had it been now standing. Of his life-gaurd many are collonels, and believe it, it's such a gaurd as is hardly to be parallel'd in the world. The Lieutenant's colors are white and blue." †

The following passage from Ben Jonson's conversations with Drummond will speak for itself:

"The Irish having rob'd Spenser's goods, and burnt his house and a little child new born, he and his wife escaped; and after, he died for lake of bread in King street, and refused 20 pieces sent to him by my Lord of Essex, and said He was sorrie he had no time to spend them."

In King Street, Westminster, lived Lord Howard of Effingham, the great Lord Admiral against the Armada in Queen Elizabeth's time. Spenser, the poet, also resided in this street.

As we emerge from this obscure street, we catch

*Mercurius Pragmatisus, July, 1649.

+ Moderate Intelligencer, Ibid.