line, with valves and openings that pass the steam from the top of the first piston to the bottom of the second, and vice versa ; and three-fold engines, having cranks more than ninety degrees apart, have been used; and marine engines, with cranks set at ninety degrees apart, each operated by a separate and unconnected cylinder, are in common use; yet no one of these operates in the manner herein proposed; the nearest approach to which has been made with two cylinders and pistons operating on a pair of right-angled cranks, the valves set to admit the steam from the boiler only when the first crank had passed upwards or downwards to an angle of forty-five degrees, and at one hundred and thirty-five degrees passing the steam expansively from the first to the second cylinder, to the end of the stroke of the first piston, and thus making the second piston carry the first crank past the dead centres, each piston traveling without steam operating on it during the first quarter of each stroke. All these and many other modifications of steam engines, for the same end, are variant from my invention and improvements, by not acting in so direct concert to produce an expansive, direct, and continuous action of the steam in the same direction, or both pistons through the relative positions of the cylinders and cranks, and the arrangement and combination of the acting parts."

Claim. Having, in the commencement of this specification, set forth the general differences between these arrangements, and those that have preceded them, it will be understood that I do not claim to have originally invented an expansively acting steam engine; neither do I claim to have invented any of the parts herein described, as used by me for these purposes, the whole of them having been long well known and in general use; neither do I claim the application of two cylinders with a pair of cranks irrespective of an arrangement for the admission of the steam from the first cylinder into the second at the half stroke (more or less) of the first piston; but I do claim as new, and of my own invention, and desire to secure by letters patent—

"First. The mode of constructing and arranging two steam cylinders, side by side, with steam passages from one to the other direct, at each end, in combination with valves so arranged and operated as to admit the steam from the boiler into one cylinder only, and from that one into the same end of the other cylinder at the half stroke (more or less) of the piston of the first cylinder, substantially as described and shown.

"Second. I claim as new the mode of working the expansion and exhaust valves, contradistinguished from the working of all other valves, they each being opened by the toe of one rock-shaft, in advance of the regular, or usual, period; the one, at the proper time to allow the steam to pass into the second cylinder, to act by expansion, and the other, at the proper time to prevent the compression of steam, or reaction between the two pistous; from which toes the valves are each taken by a toe of another rock-shaft, for the purpose of being sustained, and kept open, the requisite length of time for the attainment of the ends sought, as described and shown.

"Third. I claim as new the arrangement for disconnecting the two VOL. XV.—3RD SERIES.—No. 1.—January, 1848,

cylinders, by simply opening the exhaust valves to the second cylinder, and unhooking the eccentric which works the expansion valves between the two cylinders, where the first cylinder is used, as a single engine, worked in the ordinary way or by hand, for the purpose of reversing the motion, or stopping, or starting, the engine, as described and shown.

"Fourth, and lastly. I claim the arrangement and application of the several parts with each other which I have above described and set out as new; in combination with a pair of cranks which are attached to one main, or driving shaft, set to a right angle, or either more or less than a right angle, with each other, for the purpose of working the pistons of the two cylinders in the same direction by the primary and expansive action of the steam, and exhausting to the air, or a condenser, forming a vacuum, each working by one channel from the same end of the two cylinders at the same time, substantially as described and shown."

37. For an Improvement in the Machine for Cutting Straw; Isaac Mayfield, Elkton, Kentucky, September 19.

The patentee says, "The nature of my invention and improvement consists in compressing the article to be cut at the mouth of the box, at the moment of cutting, or descent of the kuives, by means of a presser of a prismoidal shape, caused to move in the arc of a circle by mechanical means; said presser being attached to a horizontal transverse bar, by rods, said bar having two parallel arms moving on centres, or pins, attached to a vertically sliding frame containing the bearings of the feed roller; said bar, to which the presser is attached, and into which said arms are inserted, being caused to move in the arc of a circle, by means of a rod, or sweep, attached to it and to the top of a vertical lever, that has a vibratory movement on a bolt, or pin, inserted into the side of the cutting-box; the lower end of said lever being connected by a rod, to one end of a horizontal vibrating lever that turns on a vertical bolt at the rear end of the cutting-box, the other end of said lever having a vertical pin, or cog, which enters a serpentine groove made in the periphery of a revolving cylinder fixed on the end of a horizontal crank shaft, to which the revolving cutting wheel is affixed."

Claim." From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the motions of feeding and pressing are not only positive, (effected by the motion of the serpentine grooved wheel, levers, rods, &c.,) but completely alternate and independent of each other. During the operation of pressing, the feeding roller is stationary, and during the raising of the presser the feed roller is in action. I do not intend to claim the principle of compressing the straw at the mouth of the cutting-box at the moment the knives pass through the straw, as I am aware that this has been done in various ways; for instance, by the treadle, by hand rake, and lastly, by levers and cams; but what I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is—

"First. The combination and arrangement of levers and rods, and

reaching arm, and serpentine grooved wheel, as described, for raising the presser and turning the feed roller simultaneously, and for bringing down the presser at the moment the feed, or reaching arm, slides loosely over the teeth of the rag wheel.

Second. Constructing the feed roller with curved teeth, in the manner and for the purpose described, for raking forward the straw without causing it to become entangled upon the teeth, or roller, as described.

"Third. I also claim the combination of the shaft-edged triangular shaped plates, or stops, with the steel plate, at the mouth of the cutting-box, constructed, arranged, and operating in the manner set forth."

38. For an Improved Mode of Applying Power to Fire Engines; Gardner Barton, Jr., and Lysander Button, Waterford, New York, September 19.

Claim." What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the combination, arrangement, and application of the outside lever, as described, and their agreement with the inside levers, in such manner that when force is applied to the hand poles of the inside levers, both powers will agree in forcing the piston of the pump in one and the same direction, while the reverse motion of the levers will prevent the engine from rocking."

39. For Improvement in the Double Seaming Machine; George R. Moore, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 19.

Claim. Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the combination of the roller with the head, constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

"I further claim the combination and arrangement of the gauge, in the manner and for the purpose described, supporting the inside of the vessel at the bottom while being operated upon, when the sides thereof are flaring.

"And lastly, I claim the employment of the shoulder which terminates the base of the conical part of the head, to keep the bottom in place while making the first bend, as described."

40. For an Improvement in the Construction of Head Blocks for Log Carriages for Saw Mills; Henry Mellish, Walpole, New Hampshire, September 19.

Claim." What I claim, and desire to secure, as my invention, by letters patent, is the reversed rows of teeth on the under side of the slide, the jack, and the angular lever, and the dog for moving and setting the slide, the horizontal bar, on which the lever rides, for guiding the jack in the direction parallel to that of the slide, and the movable fulcrum in its block, for gauging the thickness of the stuff to be sawed,

and it is to be expressly understood that I claim them not separately, but in combination, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth."

41. For an Improvement in the Glass Furnace; Thomas Leighton, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, assignor to the New England Glass Company, September 19.

Claim. Having thus described my invention, that which I claim is my improved mode of arranging the base hole or fuel opening of the fireplace, with respect to the siege and the cave of the furnace, viz. the placing it below the siege, and in the cave, substantially as above specified."

42. For an Improvement in Cooking Stoves; Jacob Cornelison, Danville, Pennsylvania, September 26.

The patentee says,-"The nature of my improvement consists in the combination and arrangement of the flues, in a stove having two ovens, with the fire between them so as to distribute the heat equally around either or both."

Claim. Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the construction and arrangement of the flues, combined in the manner described, with the double oven stove, having a fire chamber between them."

43. For an Improvement in the Machine for Rolling Iron; Benjamin Norton, Boonton, New Jersey, September 26.

The patentee says,-" In rolling the billets of iron that are to be converted into hoop iron, or into scroll, band, or other iron of a like character, the apparatus used, as ordinarily constructed, consists of three rollers, the axes of which are in the same vertical plane. The billet is passed through a groove in the lowermost pair, and is returned through a groove in the uppermost pair, by which it is prepared to be passed through the smooth or finishing rollers. In my improved apparatus I use but two rollers in which the billet is first passed in the usual way; as it passes from between these rollers on the rear side, it enters a curved trough which I call a receiver, and this trough conducts it round the rear side of the upper roller towards the workman in front, who passes it into the groove in the first instance, and who then passes it into a second groove formed in the same rollers;" by which arrangement much time and friction is saved and other obvious advantages obtained.

Claim. Having thus fully described the nature of my improvement in the manner of constructing and combining the rollers and other apparatus used in the rolling of hoop-iron, what I claim therein. as new, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the combining of the covered trough or receiver with a pair of rollers, for the purpose of conveying the strand to the front of the rollers, in combination with

the employment of the second groove or grooves, in the lower roller, and thereby admitting of the widening out of the collars,-the said combination and arrangement being made substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein fully made known; not intending, however, to limit myself to the exact form of the receiver, as described and expressed, as this may be varied without changing the principle."

44. For an Improvement in the Construction of that part of the Hume, commonly called the "Clip" of the common Hame in Hame Harnesses; Kasson Frazer, Fayetteville, New York, September 26.

The patentee defines the "clip" to be "that part of the common hame which connects the hame tug to the hame wood by a rivet or rivets as the case may be;" and further says his invention "consists in so constructing the clip' in a circular form at the forward end as to prevent it from passing inwards upon the collar of the harness and the shoulder of the horse. I call my invention the circular self-adjusting clip.""

Claim." What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters patent, is the attaching the curved clips to the front sides of the hames, by means of double joints, so as to render themselves adjustable, and to keep the draught directly in a line from the point of attachment of the clips to the hames, to the point of attachment of the tugs to the whiffletree, in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth."

45. For an Improved Apparatus for Drying Grain; William W. Alcott, Boston, Massachusetts, September 26.

Claim. Having thus described my invention, I wish it distinctly understood that I do not intend to confine myself to the precise mode of constructing it as above detailed, but to vary the same in such manner as I may hereafter deem requisite, so long as I do not change its principle, new features, or novelty of action.

"What I claim is a series of two or more hollow cylinders, or other proper shaped vessels, as combined, arranged, connected, and operating together, and with a hot air chamber, or any proper equivalent therefor, substantially in the manner and for the purpose of acting upon grain or other matter, (to be dried by exposure to heat or hot air,) as above specified. I also claim the combination with the cylinders, or other shafts, of suitable mechanism, (such as the wedges and other contrivances as above described, or any proper equivalents,) by which the ends of the said shafts may be elevated or depressed, in order to change the angles of inclination of the said shafts, or either of them, to the horizontal, and thereby cause the grain or other matter to move faster or slower through the cylinder, according to the velocity required during the operations of drying the same."

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