same day rules and regulations for the approaching census were issued.

The new Korean minister, Yi-Pom-Chin, reached Washington Sept. 9. Seven Korean students are in Howard University, and an increasing number in other American schools.

In the spring of 1896 the Independence Club, composed of 2,000 natives interested in the social and the material development of their country, as well as in her independence, was formed. With financial aid from the Crown Prince, they laid, on Nov. 31, the corner stone of Korea's Independence Arch, to take the place of the old gateway of vassalage to China, which was torn down in the spring of 1895.

Enterprises. The telegraphs, which were made over to the Japanese during the war, are now in Government hands. The wires stretch from Wiju, on the Chinese frontier, to Seoul, with offices also at Ping-Yang and Sung-Do; and from Seoul to Fusan, affording communication in Korean, Chinese, or English with Europe by way of either China or Japan. Surveys have been made for railways along the same routes, and from Chemulpo to Seoul. Concessions for building the railways have been given to French, Japanese, and American par

ties, respectively. The contract with the Five-Lille Company to build, equip, and work the Seoul-Wiju line was signed July 3. James R. Morse, of the American Trading Company, has the privilege of constructing the Seoul-Chemulpo line. In each case the Korean Government gives the land for the roadbed, but allows no mining concessions, while holding the option of purchase after fifteen years from the running of the first train. In Seoul handsome brick buildings in Western style have been erected. The foreign quarter, with its pavements, improved drainage and the removal of garbage, and private and legation buildings, is a stimulating object lesson. A solid stone French Catholic Cathedral, capable of holding 3,000 worshipers, is in process of erection in Seoul, with subordinate seminaries, nunneries, orphanages, and churches in the capital, suburbs, and ports. Protestant churches, schools, and dispensaries have been erected in the same places, all of which shows the liberality of the Government. There are now 200 foreigners and 7,000 Japanese residents in Korea. The American Methodists report 818 probationists and members. The Tri-Lingual Press, which issues "The Korean Repository," a monthly magazine in English, printed 2,634,300 pages in 1896.

LITERATURE, AMERICAN, IN 1896. Of the making of books there is indeed no end. The record of book production in the United States during the year shows an increase of 234 books over the largest number ever previously sent forth. The total gives 5,703 new books and new editions for 1896, against 5,469, in 1895, but of this number only 3,300 were by American authors, whereas native talent was responsible for 3,396 the year previous; 5,189 new books appear against 5,101 in 1895, and 514 new editions show a marked increase over 368 of that year. Of the whole number of books produced in this country, 1,261 were by English or other foreign authors, and 1,142 were imported, either bound or in sheets. Exactly the same number of works of fiction appeared both years (1,114), and of these 270 were from the pen of native Americans. A decided improvemen mprovement in the character of the work done was noted, for not only is the American novel far beyond the average English production in point of morals and decency, but works in other departments achieved a higher level than usual, except, it is sad to say, in the case of poetry, which fell below the conceded low level of recent years. The greatest numerical increase was shown in books of literary history and miscellany, of history, of description and travel, of the fine arts, of sports, of law, and of biography, while works on theology and religion, on science, on political and social science, on physical and mathematical science, on mental and moral philosophy, as well as books of humor and satire, of poetry, and juvenile productions show

a decided increase.

Biography.-"The True George Washington," by Paul Leicester Ford, presents the Father of his Country more as a man than a historical figure, making him speak, as far as possible, for himself; and from Prof. Woodrow Wilson we had another exhaustive study of George Washington, illustrated by Howard Pyle, Harry Fenn, and others. "The Life, Public Services, Addresses, and Letters of Elias Boudinot, LL. D., President of the Continental Congress," was edited by J. J. Boudinot, and filled two volumes; a "Life of Major-General James

Jackson," by Thomas U. P. Charlton, commemorated another revolutionary hero in an edition limited to 250 copies; and "A Typical American, Benjamin Franklin," was the subject of an address by Joseph Medill, delivered before the Old-Time Printers' Association of Chicago, Jan. 17, 1896. Vol. III appeared of "The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King," edited by his grandson, Charles R. King, M. D., and to an earlier date belong "The Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay," by James X. Hosmer, and "The Journal of Captain William Pote, Jr., during his Captivity in the French and Indian War, from May, 1745, to August, 1747," with an account of the journal by its discoverer, John Fletcher Hurst, and a historical introduction and notes by Victor H. Palsits. "Samuel Gorton: A Forgotten Founder of Our Liberties, First Settler of Warwick, R. I.," found a biographer in L. G. James, and "The Life of Roger Sherman" was written by L. H. Boutell. Henry E. Legler published “Chevalier Henry de Tonty: His Exploits in the Valley of the Mississippi," enlarged (with illustrations) into "The Man with the Iron Hand," and "Nathaniel Massie: A Pioneer of Ohio," by David Meade Massie, gives much of the early political of that State. "Pioneers of Science in America" was the title of 50 sketches of their lives and scientfic work edited and revised by William J. Youmans, M. D., and accompanied with portraits, and Isabella Field Judson edited "Cyrus W. Field: His Life and Work (1819-1892)," outlining her father's remarkable career. Two volumes contained the "Life and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes," for which we are indebted to John Torrey Morse, Jr., and the same genial poet is again presented to us, with various of his contemporaries, by Mrs. Annie Adams Fields in "Authors and Friends," and in the charming autobiographic "Chapters from a Life" of Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. "A Few Memories" of Mary Anderson, Countess de Navarro, proved also delightful reading, and "My Reminiscences," by Louis Arditi, were sent out as an American book. Two distinguished American authors were commemorated, ings" in 16 volumes, with biographical introductions, and Eugene Field in a Sabine edition of his "Works" in 10 volumes, with a memoir by his brother, Roswell M. Field, and introductions by Richard Henry Stoddard, Edward Everett Hale, Francis Wilson, James Whitcomb Riley, and others. "Bayard Taylor" was added to the series of "American Men of Letters" by Albert H. Smyth, and a volume was collected of "Little Journeys to the Homes of American Authors" originally contributed to "Putnam's Monthly" in 1853 by various writers of distinction, all but two of whom have since died. "Whittier: Prophet, Seer, and Man," was from the pen of Benjamin O. Flower, while from John Burroughs we had "Whitman: A Study," and from Thomas Donaldson "Walt Whitman, the Man." The life, letters, and journals of "Maria Mitchell" were compiled by her sister, Phebe Mitchell Kendall, and Leaves from Juliana Horatia Ewing's Canada Home" were gathered and illustrated by Miss Elizabeth S. Tucker. “The Story of a Busy Life," by Dr. James Russell Miller, contained recollections of Mrs. G. A. Paull (Minnie E. Kenney). In the series of "Women of Colonial and Revolutionary Times" "Dolly Madison" was chronicled by Mrs. Maud Wilder Goodwin; "Mercy Warren," by Alice Brown; and "Eliza Pinckney" (with facsimile reproduction), by Harriott Horry Ravenel. Great educators were not neglected: “Horace Mann" was the subject of an address delivered by Hon. William T. Harris, United States Commissioner of Education, before the National Educational Association; "The Life of James McCosh," a record chiefly autobiographical, was edited by William Milligan Sloane; "Memoirs of Frederick A. P. Barnard, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L., Tenth President of Columbia College, in the City of New York," were prepared by John Fulton, and the "Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Appointment of Professor William Henry Green as an Instructor in Princeton Theological Seminary, May 5, 1896," contained a bibliography of his published writings. "The Life and Letters of Charles Bulfinch, Architect," with other family papers, were edited by his granddaughter, Ellen Susan Bulfinch, proving a most timely and instructive record of the work of the builder of the Statehouse of Massachusetts and Faneuil Hall, who also completed the Capitol at Washington; and another architect of distinction, "John Wellborn Root," designer of the general plans for the structures of the Chicago Exposition of 1893, had a study of his life and work made by his relative, Miss Harriet Monroe, accompanied with etchings and drawings and facsimiles of his designs. The life of "Edward Hodges," at once founder and representative of the Anglican Cathedral School of Music in America, was written by his daughter, Faustina Hasse Hodges. Frederick E. McKay and Charles E. L. Wingate edited the 45 sketches of "Famous American Act ors of To-day." In the "American Statesman Series" we have "William Henry Seward," by Thornton K. Lothrop; "The True Story of Abraham Lincoln, the American," was told for boys and girls by Elbridge S. Brooks; "The Lives and Campaigns of Grant and Lee" was a new and interesting narrative comparison of the two great opponents in the civil war by Samuel W. Odell, to which introductory personal reminiscences were contributed by Gen. O. O. Howard and Bishop John P. Newman; "Lincoln and his Cabinet" were the subject of a lecture delivered by Charles A. Dana, March 10, 1896, before the New Haven Colony Historical Society; "Words of Lincoln" were compiled by Osborne H. Oldroyd, and furnished with an introduction by Hon. Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Hon. Ten

was

"Hamilton, Lincoln, and Other Addresses"; William H. Egle, M. D., edited "Andrew Gregg Curtin : His Life and Services"; and Josiah Morrow performed a similar service for the "Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin, Orator, Lawyer, and Statesman." "A Hero's Grave in the Adirondacks," by Katherine Elizabeth McClellan, tells the story of John Brown. The "Life of William McKinley" written by Robert P. Porter, the life and speeches of the same statesman being again given by Byron Andrews under the title of "One of the People," while "McKinley's Masterpieces" were edited by R. L. Paget for the "Famous Men Series." John S. Ogilvie edited the "Life and Speeches of William J. Bryan" in the "Peerless Series," Col. A. C. Fisk supplying an introduction. The first of the four superb volumes in which William Milligan Sloane tells the "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte" was published at the close of the year, and a volume of "McClure's Biographies" commemorated "Napoleon, Gladstone, Bismarck, Dana, Stevenson, and Others." One of the surprises of the year was the revelation of Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) as the anonymous author of the “Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc," purporting to be those of the Sieur Louis de Conte, her page and secretary. Another exhaustive study of "Joan of Arc" we owe to Francis C. Lowell. M. Louise McLaughlin entitled her memoir of Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orleans, "The Second Madame," and Ida M. Tarbell made use of newly discovered data in her biographical study of "Madame Roland." "François-Séverin Marceau, 1769-1796," was the subject of a memoir by T. G. Johnson. To religious biography belong "Adoniram Judson Gordon," by E. B. Gordon, accompanied with letters and illustrative extracts; a "Memorial of the Life and Labors of Right Rev. Stephen Vincent Ryan, D. D., Second Bishop of Buffalo, N. Y.," by Rev. Patrick Cronin; "Myron Adams: A Memorial"; the "Life, Letters, and Journals of the Rev. and Hon. Peter Parker" the "Life of Alonzo Ames Miner, S. T. D., LL. D.," by George H. Emerson, D. D.; the "Autobiography of A. C. Morehouse," an itinerant minister of the New York East Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which Bishop Newman contributed an introduction; "Fifty Years on the Skirmish Line," also an autobiography of Elisha B. Sherwood, D. D.; the “Sunset Memories" of Rev. Nicholas Van Sant; and "The Indian Chief Journeycake," whose record as a Christian minister is given by Rev. S. H. Mitchell. "Mary Dyer, of Rhode Island, the Quaker Martyr, hanged on Boston Common, June 1, 1660," was commemorated by Horatio RogA volume was devoted to "Robert W. McAll, Founder of the McAll Mission, Paris"; "Heroes of the South Seas" were the theme of Martha Burr Banks; "For His Sake" was the title given to extracts from the letters of Elsie Marshall, martyred at Wha-Sang, Aug. 1, 1895; and "The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier, and Citizen," by Simon Wolf, was edited by Louis E. Levy. John Mullin Batten, M. D., entitled his autobiographic reminiscences "Random Thoughts," and William Dean Howells vouchsafed a number of his "Impressions and Experiences." "The Story of the Hutchinsons (Tribe of Jesse)," told by John Wallace Hutchinson and edited by Charles E. Mann, proved no less interesting than remarkable. "American Lutheran Biographies" came from J. C. Jensson. Nearly one hundred of "Our Army Nurses" are the subject of the sketches, addresses, etc., compiled by Mary A. Gardner Holland, while "Mothers of Maine" were treated by Mrs. Helen Coffin Beedy, and a second edition was issued of "Authors and Writers associated with Morristown," by Mrs. Julia Keese Colles. "Lees of

:

Virginia, 1642-1892," edited by Edmund Jenning Lee, M. D., contained biographical and genealogical sketches of the descendants of Col. Richard Lee, with brief notices of the related families; "The Cabells and their Kin," was a memorial volume, historical, biographical, and genealogical on Dr. William Cabell, the founder of the family in Virginia and his descendants and kinfolk, by Alexander Brown; "The Genealogy of the Steiner Family, especially of the Descendants of Jacob Steiner of Frederick Co., Md.," was traced by Bernard C. Steiner; and Samuel M. Sener compiled "The Sehner Ancestry." "The Ashley Genealogy," by Francis B. Trowbridge, was the history of the descendants of Robert Ashley, of Springfield, Mass.; "A Partial History of the French Huguenots by Name Soblets, who emigrated to America in 1700 and settled at Manakin, in Powhatan Co., Va., 18 Miles West of Richmond City," was written by Samuel S. Sublett, as was the story of the "Early Family," by Samuel S. Early. "The Century Book of Famous Americans," by Elbridge S. Brooks, told the story of a young people's pilgrimage to historic homes, and Vol. VIII was issued of John Lord's "Beacon Lights of History, covering Nineteenth Century Writers," and containing also a life of the author by Dr. Alexander S. Twombly. "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian of the City of New York, 1816-1860," were vouchsafed by Charles H. Haswell and were full of local interest, while "Famous Givers and their Gifts" were chronicled by Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton. Vol. IV completed the collection of "The Writings of Thomas Paine," made and edited by Moncure D. Conway; a memorial edition in four volumes was made of the "Writings of Severn Teackle Wallis"; A. W. Stevens edited "Enfranchisement and Citizenship," addresses and papers by Edward Lillie Pierce; as did James De Witt Andrews the "Works of James Wilson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States," in two volumes. "Selected Arguments, Lectures, and Miscellaneous Papers of Randell Hunt," were edited by his nephew, William Henry Hunt.

Criticism and General Literature. Among books falling under this head are to be mentioned Charles Dudley Warner's discussion of "The Relation of Literature to Life"; "Mere Literature and Other Essays," by Prof. Woodrow Wilson; "Books and Culture" and "Essays on Nature and Culture," by Hamilton Wright Mabie; and "Aspects of Fiction, and Other Ventures in Criticism," by James Brander Matthews, who also contributed "An Introduction to the Study of American Literature." Two unpublished essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson upon "The Character of Socrates" and "The Present State of Ethical Philosophy" were given to the public in one volume, with an introduction by Edward Everett Hale; "The Spirit in Literature and Life" was the theme of the E. D. Rand Lectures in Iowa College for the year 1894, delivered by John Patterson Coyle, D. D.; Theodore Whitefield Hunt made a study of "American Meditative Lyrics"; "A History of American Literature" was written by Prof. Frederick Lewis Pattee; "Some Representative Poets of the Nineteenth Century" was the title of a syllabus of University Extension lectures by Melville B. Anderson; and William H. Hudson contributed "Studies in Interpretation: Keats, Clough, Matthew Arnold." A new edition was issued of Hon. William T. Harris's study upon "The Spiritual Sense of Dante's Divina Commedia" and "The Masterpieces of Michelangelo and Milton" were examined by Rev. Alexander Stevenson Twombly. "Shakespeare the Boy" was presented to us by Prof. William J. Rolfe, the well-known authority upon all things concerning the Bard of

Avon, and Alfred Trumble lured us into spending hours "In Jail with Charles Dickens." "The Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac" possess a melancholy interest as being the last work from the pen of Eugene Field, and is full of a delicious literary flavor. "Chap-Book Essays" of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Louise Chandler Moulton, and others were collected into a volume, and "Love in Letters" was traced by James Grant Wilson as illustrated in the correspondence of eminent persons, of whom biographical sketches are included. "Myths and Legends of Our Own Land," by Charles M. Skinner, filled two volumes, and H. А. Guerber considered "Legends of the Virgin and Christ" and "Legends of the Middle Ages" with special reference to literature and art. "Regeneration" was an anonymous reply to Nordau. "Nugæ Literariæ," by William Mathews, was the title of brief essays on literary, social, and other themes, and Dr. George Birkbeck Hill was irresistible in his "Talks about Autographs." Benjamin W. Wells, made a study of "Modern French Literature"; "The Mastery of Books," by Harry Lyman Koopman offered hints on reading and the use of libraries; Arthur Shadwell Martin wrote "On Parody"; and "How to study History, Literature, and the Fine Arts" was told in a pamphlet for Chautauquans by Albert Bushnell Hart, Maurice Thompson, and Charles Mason Fairbanks. "Mystic Masonry was dealt with by J. D. Buck, M. D., and Fanny D. Bergen compiled "Current Superstitions" collected from oral traditions of English-speaking folk in America, published among the memoirs of the American Folklore Society, with notes and an introduction by William Wells Newell. Marie Ada Molineux was the author of "A Phrase-Book from the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert Browning," and "Metaphors, Similes, and Other Characteristic Sayings of Henry Ward Beecher " were compiled from discourses reported by T. J. Ellenwood, with an introduction by Homer B. Sprague. Vol. I of "Studies in Classical Philology" of the University of Chicago was issued; "Sunrise Stories," by Roger Riordan Roger and Tozo Takayanagi, gave a glance at the literature of Japan. "Rational Elocution" was a thoroughly practical treatise on the science and art of human expression by Isaac Hinton Brown; Arlo Bates gave "Talks on Writing English"; Edward Everett Hale, Jr., discoursed on "Constructive Rhetoric"; William B. Cairns upon "The Forms of Discourse," with an introductory chapter on style; a new and revised enlarged edition was issued of "The Verbalist," by Alfred Ayres (Thomas Embley Osmun); "Pitfalls in English," by Joseph Fitzgerald, was a manual of customary errors in the use of words; "Public Speaking and Reading" was the title of a treatise on delivery according to the principles of the new elocution by E. N. Kirby; while from Henry Hardwicke we had an exhaustive "History of Oratory and Orators." Lorenzo Lears wrote "The History of Oratory from the Age of Pericles to the Present Time." Lilian Whiting gave us a second series of "The World Beautiful"; Katharine Abbott Sanborn, "My Literary Zoo"; and, coming to that delightful class of books about Nature, we have" Notes of the Night and Other Outdoor Sketches," by Dr. Charles Conrad Abbott, who published also "Birdland Echoes," illustrated by William E. Cram, in line with which was "Spring Notes from Tennessee," by Bradford Torrey. "A Book of Country Clouds and Sunshine" was welcomed from Clifton Johnson, who also repeated "What they Say in New England" in a book of signs, sayings, and superstitions. Rowland E. Robinson was at home "In New England Fields and Woods"; and Joseph Edgar Chamberlin was delightful alike as "The Listener in the

Country" and "The Listener in the Town." "The Singing Mouse Stories" were told by E. Hough; "A Year in the Fields," selections from the writings of John Burroughs, was illustrated from photographs by Clifton Johnson; and Mary E. Burt edited "Little Nature Studies for Little People," in two volumes, from the essays of the same student of Nature, who published "A Bunch of Herbs and Other Papers. Brief "Studies in American Colonial Life" were contributed by Edward Everett Hale, and Mrs. Alice Morse Earle wrote two books, on "Colonial Days in Old New York" and on "Curious Punishments of Bygone Days." Mrs. Mary Alden Ward entitled her five essays "Old Colony Days," while William Root Bliss gave his attention to "Quaint Nantucket." "The Colonial Parson of New England" was pictured by Frank S. Childs, and Dr. John Wright wrote a descriptive account of "Early Prayer Books of America." "The Happy Life" was outlined for young people by President Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard; "The Perfect Whole," by Horatio W. Dresser, was the title of an essay on the conduct and meaning of life; "Around the Hearthstone: or, Hints for Home Builders" and "Men who Win" and "Women who Win" were from the pen of William Makepeace Thayer; while "Architects of Fate: or, Steps to Success and Power," by Orison Swett Marden, was intended as a companion volume to his "Pushing to the Front." Bishop Anthony Wilson Thorold wrote "On Marriage" and "On Money"; Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney published timely "Friendly Letters to Girl Friends"; and Mrs. Helen E. Starrett asked "After College, What? For Girls." "With my Neighbors," by Mrs. Margaret E. M. Sangster, offered suggestive hints, while "Tracings," by E. Scott O'Connor purported to be a reflection of Nature. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe asks "Is Polite Society Polite?" with other essays. Katharine B. Woods compiled "Quotations for Occasions," and other compilations worthy of note were "About Children," by Rose Porter; "Concerning Friendship," by Eli Atkins Stone; "Tobacco in Song and Story," by John Bain, Jr.; and "Blossoms of Thought," at," by by C. E. Russell. "Sermonettes from

Mother Goose" for big folks were delivered by Fanny M. Harley. Robert Hunter and others edited "The Encyclopædic Dictionary," in four volumes, and S. Pollock Linn supplied a want with his "Dictionary of Living Thoughts of Leading Thinkers." Among editions de luxe published during the year may be mentioned that of Henry J. Van Dyke's "Little Rivers," limited to 150 copies. Education.-"Teaching in Three Continents," by W. Catton Grasby, consists of personal notes on the educational systems of the world, while "Education," by H. Holman, was intended as an introduction to its principles and their psychological foundations, and Herman T. Lukens traced "The Connection between Thought and Memory" in a contribution to pedagogical psychology on the basis of F. W. Dörpfeld's monograph "Denken und Gedachtnis." In Appleton's "International Education Series" appeared "Herbart's ABC of Sense-Perception and Minor Pedagogical Works," translated, with an introduction, notes, and commentary, by William J. Eckoff; the "Principles and Practice of Teaching," by James Johonnot, first published in 1878 and now revised by Sarah Evans Johonnot; Compayre's "Intellectual and Moral Development of the Child," part I; and "The School System of Ontario (Canada)," by George W. Ross. Patterson Du Bois dwelt upon "The Point of Contact in Teaching." David Starr Jordan delivered a series of addresses on the higher education, published under the title "The Care and Culture of Men," and Harry Pratt Judson considered briefly "The Higher Education as a

Training for Business." "The Schoolmaster" was the subject of the address of George E. Hardy as President of the New York State Teachers' Association, at Saratoga, July 9, 1894. "School Interests and Duties" were developed by Robert M. King, from Page's "Mutual Duties of Parents and Teachers," from various public reports and documents, and from the bulletins of the National Bureau of Education, and a second revised and enlarged edition was printed of "The History of Modern Education," by Samuel G. Williams. Frederick Ludlow Luqueer wrote upon "Hegel as Educator" in the "Columbia University Contributions to Philosophy, Psychology, and Education," and Levi Seeley treated of "The Common-School System of Germany and its Lessons to America." In the "Republic of Childhood Series" appeared "Kindergarten Principles and Practice," by Kate Douglas Wiggin (Mrs. George C. Riggs) and "Froebel's Occupations," by the same author in collaboration with Nora Archibald Smith, and "The Songs and Music of Friedrich Froebel's 'Mother Play" had the songs newly translated and furnished with new music by Susan E. Blow for the "International Education Series." Marion Strickland offered "Suggestions for Kindergarten Work," and Frank Sewall considered the kindergarten in the education of the citizen "The Angel of the State." Yet another issue of the "International Education Series " was Burke A. Hinsdale's volume upon "Teaching the Language Arts-Speech, Reading, Composition": William Morton Payne edited "English in American Universities"; Elizabeth H. Spalding proposed suggestions for the solution of "The Problem of Elementary Composition"; C. G. Ainsworth compiled "Lessons in Literature," with illustrative selections, as a text-book for schools and academies; Mary E. and Abby L. Sargent prepared a "Supplement to Reading for the Young,' by John F. Sargent," James Baldwin retold "Old Stories of the East"; Emerson E. White added "A School Algebra," designed for use in high schools and academies to "White's Series of Mathematics"; Hudson A. Wood devised "Short Cuts in Arithmetic"; Book VII of "Macmillan's Geography Readers" covered "The United States Ocean Currents and Sides"; "А Manual of Clay Modeling." for teachers and scholars, was the work of Mary L. H. Unwin; W. A. Stecher edited "Gymnastics," a text-book of the German-American system of gymnastics; and John W. Tufts proffered " A Handbook of Vocal Music, illustrating Normal Methods through The Normal Music Course,' 'The Cecilian Series of Study and Song,' and 'The Commonschool Course." Vol. I appeared of "Union College Practical Lectures (Butterfield Course)." For primary pupils Nellie Walton Ford wrote of natural science as "Nature's Byways," and Mrs. M. A. B. Kelly told "Short Stories of our Shy Neighbors." "A History of the Public Education Association of Philadelphia," by L. R. Harley, had an introduction by Edmund J. James, and "Stanford University and Thereabouts" was described by O. L. Elliott and O. V. Eaton.

Fiction. From the well-known authors of fiction came a reasonable supply of new works. Gilbert Parker's "Seats of the Mighty" was one of the successes of the year. "Taquisara" was a new Italian story by Marion Crawford, and his "Adam Johnstone's Son," had an English hero. William Dean Howells published "The Day of their Wedding: A Novel" and "A Parting and a Meeting," more modestly described as a "story," both dealing with life among the Shakers: "The Other House" and "Embarrassments," by Henry James, delighted the admirers of that author; and Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett made a new departure in her portrayal of " A Lady of Quality" of the olden time. Eugene Field described humorously "The House: An Episode in the Lives of Reuben Baker, Astronomer, and of his Wife, Alice"; T. Hopkinson Smith dealt with the labor question in the forceful pages of "Tom Grogan"; Bret Harte contributed only a volume of tales entitled "Barker's Luck and Other Stories"; Richard Harding Davis was represented by "Cinderella, and Other Stories"; and James Brander Matthews by "Tales of Fantasy and Fact." From the new novelist Stephen Crane we had "The Little Regiment, and Other Episodes of the American Civil War," "George's Mother," and "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets"; Frank R. Stockton gave "Captain Chap: or, The Rolling Stones" and "Mrs. Cliff's Yacht"; Joel Chandler Harris (Uncle Remus) told of "Sister Jane: Her Friends and Acquaintances"; and a rising author of the same State, Harry Stillwell Edwards, aroused creditable comment by his story of "Sons and Fathers." Julian Russell Sturgis portrayed " A Master of Fortune." Albion W. Tourgée finally raised "The Mortgage on the Hip-roof House"; Elizabeth Knight Tompkins did not reach the level of her last year's venture, "Her Majesty," with her romance of "The Broken Ring"; Margaret Sherwood, who published "An Experiment in Altruism" in 1896, under the pen name of Elizabeth Hastings, described "A Puritan Bohemia"; and from Katharine Pearson Woods, the author of "Metzerott, Shoemaker," we had "The Crowning of Candace" and "John: A Tale of King Messiah, the last of singular excellence. Molly Elliot Seawell wrote, this time for grown-up people, "The Sprightly Romance of Marsac" and "A Strange, Sad Comedy," while Maria Louise Pool published no less than four of her attractive studies of life and character, entitled "Buncombe County," "In a Dike Shanty," "In the First Person," and "Mrs. Gerald." Anna Fuller described "A Venetian June" with the romance then transpiring, and "Madelon" was the sole production of Mary Eleanor Wilkins. Lilian Bell, the author of "The Love Affairs of an Old Maid," protrayed "The Under Side of Things"; Harold Frederic gave us the benefit of observations in Philistia under the title of "Mrs. Albert Grundy"; he was successful also in delineating "The Damnation of Theron Ware" and in his cheerier tale of "March Hares." Rev. Edward Everett Hale republished his popular account of "My Double and How he Undid me," telling its history (of thirty-three years) in a preface; "Rose of Dutcher's Coolly" was a realistic novel by Hamlin Garland; and "Summer in Arcady," a tale of Nature, by James Lane Allen. Ruth McEnery Stuart wrote "Sonny" and "Solomon Crow's Christmas Pockets, and Other Tales"; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (Mrs. Herbert D. Ward) "The Supply at St. Agatha's"; and Julia Magruder, the author of "The Princess Sonia," "The Violet," and "Miss Ayr of Virginia, and Other Stories." Capt. Charles King was heard from in four military novels, "Trumpeter Fred: A Story of the Plains," "A Garrison Tangle," "An Army Wife," and "A Tame Surrender," the last a story of the Chicago strike. Mrs. C. Stewart Daggett told the story of "Mariposilla," and Cornelia Atwood Pratt that of "The Daughter of a Stoic," in addition to a number of short stories entitled "A Book of Martyrs." "A Knight of the Nets" was Mrs. Amelia E. Barr's only novel; Julian Hawthorne proclaimed "Love is a Spirit" and also portrayed "A Fool of Nature"; "Missing" was a romance by Julius Chambers; and "One of the Visconti," a novelette by Mrs. Eva Wilder Brodhead (formerly Eva Wilder McGlasson). Mrs. Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren in "The Secret Directory" revealed a romance of hidden history. Langdon Elwyn Mitchell, a son of Dr. Weir Mitchell, pub

"A Chord

lished two stories, "Love in the Backwoods: Two Mormons from Muddlety" and "Alfred's Wife," in one volume, while Mrs. Rebecca Harding Davis filled two with the adventures of "Frances Waldeaux" and "Doctor Warwick's Daughters." Harriet Prescott Spofford traced the evolution of "A Master Spirit." "The Picture of Las Cruces" was a romance of Mexico by Frances C. F. Tiernan (Christian Reid), and from the same author we had also " A Woman of Fortune." John Kendrick Bangs amused us with "The Mantelpiece Minstrels, and Other Stories," in addition to the difficulties experienced with "A Rebellious Heroine." "Vawder's Understudy" was a study in platonic affection by James Knapp Reeve; Clive Holland, who achieved success last year with his story of "My Japanese Wife." published "The Lure of Fame." "An Art Failure," by John W. Harding, claimed to be a story of the Latin Quarter as it is, and art is again the theme of "Alida Craig," by Pauline King. from a Violin" opened a love story, according to Winifred Agnes Haldane, and "The Baritone's Parish." by James M. Ludlow, appeared in the series of "Renaissance Booklets." Historical novels were "King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay," by Frederick Stimson (J. S., of Dale), who also wrote "Pirate Gold"; "White Aprons," a romance of Bacon's rebellion, Virginia, 1676; "The Regicides," a tale of early colonial times, by F. Hull Cogswell; "The Governor's Garden" (the executive in question being "Thomas Hutchinson, sometime Captain-General and Governor-in Chief of his Majesty's Province of Massachusetts Bay"), by George R. R. Rivers; "А Lady of the Olden Time," by Emily Malbone Morgan; “Saxenhurst," a story of the Old World and New, in which Roger Williams is prominent, by Daniel C. Eddy, D. D.; "Massasoit," by Anna Holman Burton, a romantic story of the Indians of New England; "Sir Mark," a tale of the first capital of the country, by Anna Robeson Brown, who also wrote "The Black Lamb"; "John Littlejohn of J.," being in particular an account of his remarkable entanglement with the king's intrigues against Gen. Washington, by George Morgan; "The Scarlet Coat," a tale of the siege of Yorktown, by Clinton Ross; "Will o' the Wasp," a sea yarn of the War of '12, by Robert Cameron Rogers, the author of "The Wind in the Clearing”; “Ocean Rovers," another story of the same period, by William H. Thomes; "His Perpetual Adoration: or, The Captain's Old Diary," by Rev. Joseph F. Flint, a story of the civil war; and "At the Sign of the Guillotine," as its name bespeaks, a story of the French revolution, by Harold Spender. A local flavor attaches to "Uncle Scipio." a story of uncertain days in the South, by Mrs. Jeannette R. H. Walworth; "The Peacemaker of Bourbon," a tale of the new South, by S. J. Bumstead; "The Wonderful Wheel," with its scene among the Creoles of Louisiana, by Mary Tracy Earle; "Betty of Wye." by Amy E. Blanchard; "Stories of a Sanctified Town," by Lucy S. Furman; "Princess Anne: A Story of the Dismal Swamp, and Other Sketches," by Albert R. Ledoux; "My Young Master," "The Jucklins," and "The Captain's Romance," by Opie P. Read (The Arkansas Traveler); "The Country of the Pointed Firs," by Sarah Orne Jewett, meaning, of course, the State of Maine; "The Tin Kitchen," by Rev. J. Hatton Weeks, and "The End of the Beginning," anonymous, both with the scene laid in New England; "The Victory of Ezry Gardner," an idyl of Nantucket, by Imogen Clark; "Behind Manhattan Gables," a story of New Amsterdam, 1663-'64, by Rev. Edward A. Rand; "Green Gates: An Analysis of Foolishness," by Mrs. Katharine Mary Cheever Meredith (Johanna Staats); "Stonepastures," by Eleanor Stuart, the