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abounding mercy, as though he had in his wrath inflicted double punishment for our transgressions, compensates for our affliction with a double measure of consolation. Isai. xl. 2. "speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned; for she hath received of the hand of Jehovah double for all her sins." lxi. 7. "for your shame ye shall have double, and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion; therefore in their land they shall possess the double; everlasting joy shall be unto them.' This compensation is more than an hundredfold, Matt. xix. 29. even an infinite weight of glory. 2 Cor. iv. 17. "for our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory." Rom. viii. 18. “I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us." Psal. xxxiv. 18, 19. "Jehovah is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart, and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit: many are the afflictions of the righteous, but Jehovah delivereth him out of them all." lxxi. 23. "thou which hast showed me great and sore troubles, shalt quicken me again." cxxvi. 5. "they that sow in tears shall reap in joy." Acts xiv. 22. "we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God."

We ought not therefore to form rash judgments respecting the afflictions of others. This was the error of Eliphaz, Job iv. and ix. 22, 23. and of the most despicable of men, chap. XXX. Psal. iii. 2. " many there be which say of my soul, There is no help for him in God." xli. 8. " Ian evil disease, say they, cleaveth fast unto him." John ix. 3. "neither hath this man sinned."

On the contrary, it is said of those who are not chastened, Psal. xvii. 14. "they have their portion in this life." Hos. iv. 17. "Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone."

Hence arises consolation to the afflicted. 2 Cor. i. 4. "who comforteth us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort them that are in any trouble by the comfort wherewith we ourselves are comforted of God." 1 Thess. iii. 3. "that no man should be moved by these afflictions; for yourselves know that we are appointed thereunto." 2 Tim. ii. 3. "thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ." Rev. ii. 9. "I know thy works and tribulation."

CHAP. XX.-OF SAVING FAITH.

THE other effect of regeneration is SAVING FAITH.

SAVING FAITH IS A FULL PERSUASION OPERATED IN US THROUGH THE GIFT OF GOD, WHEREBY WE BELIEVE, ON THE SOLE AUTHORITY OF THE PROMISE ITSELF, THAT WHATSOEVER THINGS HE HAS PROMISED IN CHRIST ARE OURS, AND ESPE

CIALLY THE GRACE OF ETERNAL LIFE.

THROUGH THE GIFT OF GOD. Eph. ii. 8. " by grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God." Philipp. i. 29. "unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake;" given, that is, by the Father, through the Son and the Spirit. Matt. xi. 25. "at that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father.... because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes.” xvi. 16, 17. "thou art Christ.... flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven." Luke xxii. 32. "I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not." John vi. 44, 45. no man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him.... every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me." 2 Thess. i. 11. "that our God would count you worthy of this calling, and fulfil all the good pleasure of his goodness, and the work of faith with power." Heb. xii. 2. "looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith." 1 Cor. xii. 3, no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost." 2 Cor. iv. 13. "we having the same spirit of faith." Gal. v. 22. " the fruit of the Spirit is faith."

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A FULL PERSUASION. Jer. xxxi. 34. " they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith Jehovah : for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more." John xvii. 3. "this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent." Rom. iv. 18-21. "who against hope believed in hope.... and being fully persuaded, that what he had promised, he was able also to perform." viii. 38. "I am persuaded that neither death- 1 Thess. i. 5. only, but also in

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our gospel came not unto you in word

VOL. IV.

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power, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance." 2 Tim. i. 12. 66 I know in whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed to him." Heb. x. 22. "let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith." James i, 6. "let him ask in faith, nothing wavering." Heb. xi. 1. "faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen ;" where by substance is understood as certain a persuasion of things hoped for as if they were not only existing, but actually present. John viii. 56. "your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day, and he saw it." Hence implicit faith, which sees not the objects of hope, but yields belief with a blind assent, cannot possibly be genuine faith, except in the case of novices or first converts, whose faith must necessarily be for a time implicit, inasmuch as they believe even before they have entered upon a course of instruction. Such was that of the Samaritans. John iv. 41. of the nobleman and his family, v. 53. of Rahab, Heb. xi. 31. and of the disciples, who believed in Christ long before they were accurately acquainted with many of the articles of faith. Those also belong to this class, who are slow of understanding and inapt to learn, but who nevertheless believe according to the measure of their knowledge, and striving to live by faith, are acceptable to God. Isai. xlii. 3. “a bruised reed shall he not break, and 'the smoking flax shall he not quench." Mark ix. 24. "Lord, I believe, help thou mine unbelief." Faith is also called TETOίdedis, or trust, with the same meaning. 2 Cor. iii. 4. "such trust have we through Christ to God-ward." Eph. ii. 11, 12. "in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him ;" where however trust or confidence seems rather to be a particular effect or degree of faith, or a firm hope, than faith itself, inasmuch as it is said to come by faith: or perhaps by faith in this passage we are to understand the doctrine on which this confidence is founded. John xvi. 33. "be of good cheer" (confidite), "I have overcome the world." Hence to trust and to believe are indiscriminately used in the same sense, both in the Old and New Testament. Psal. lxxviii. 22. "because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation." İsai. x. 20. "it shall stay upon Jehovah, the Holy One of Israel, in truth” (fide). Psal. xxxvii. 5.

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mit thy way unto Jehovah, trust also in him." Jer. xvii. 7. "blessed is the man that trusteth in Jehovah, and whose hope Jehovah is." Matt. ix. 2. "Son be of good cheer" (confide);

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thy sins be forgiven thee." As to the three divisions into which faith is commonly distinguished by divines, knowledge of the word, assent, and persuasion or trust, the two former equally belong to temporary, and even to historical faith, and both are comprehended in, or, more properly, precede a full persuasion.

ON THE SOLE AUTHORITY OF HIS PROMISE. John xx. 29. "blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." Rom. iv. 18. "who against hope believed in hope." v. 21. "being fully persuaded, that what he had promised, he was able also to perform." 1 Cor. ii. 4, 5. "my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power; that your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God." 2 Cor. iv. 18. "while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen." v. 7. we walk by faith, not by sight." 1 Thess. ii. 13. " when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God." Heb. xi. 7. "by faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet." v. 19. "accounting that God was able to raise him up.' 1 Pet. i. 8. "whom having not seen, ye love; in whom though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice.' Tit. i. 2. "which God, that cannot lie, pro

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mised." Herein is manifested the excellence of faith, inasmuch as it gives to God the highest glory of righteousness and truth. John iii. 33. "he that hath received his testimony, hath set to his seal that God is true." Rom. iv. 20. "he was strong in faith, giving glory to God." Eph. i. 12. “that we should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ." 2 Thess. i. 10. "when he shall come to be admired in all them that believed." Heb. xi. 6. "without faith it is impossible to please him; for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him." v. 11. "because she judged him faithful who had promised." 2 Pet. i. 1. "to them that have obtained like precious faith with us, through the righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ." Hence the title of

faithful is frequently applied to God by believers.
9. x. 13. 2 Tim. ii. 13. "he abideth faithful."
"he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins."

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1 Cor. i. 1 John i. 9.

WHATSOEVER THINGS HE HAS PROMISED. Acts xxiv. 14. believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets. Rom. iv. 3. "Abraham believed God." v. 16. therefore it is of faith.... to the end the promise might be 1 John v. 14. "this is the confidence that we have in him, that if we ask anything according to his will, he heareth

sure.

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OURS s; that is, ours who believe. John i. 12. as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe in his name." xvii. 20. "neither pray I for these alone, but for them also that shall believe on me through their word." 1 Cor. iii. 22, 23. "all are yours, and ye are Christ's, and Christ is God's." Gal. ii. 20. "the life which I now live in the flesh, I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."

IN CHRIST. John vi. 29. "this is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent." xiv. 1. "ye believe in God; believe also in me." 1 John iii. 23. "this is his commandment, that we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ." Rom. x. 9. "if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." 2 Cor. iii. 4. "such trust have we through Christ to Godward." Gal. iii. 22. " that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe." v. 26. "by faith in Jesus Christ." 1 Pet. i. 21. “who by him3 do believe in God.... that your faith and hope might be in God." Heb. vii. 25. "wherefore he is able to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him." John xii. 44. "he that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me." Hence, as was shown in the fifth chapter, the ultimate object of faith is not Christ the Mediator, but God the Father; a truth which the weight of scripture evidence has compelled divines to acknowledge. For the same reason it ought not to appear wonderful if many, both Jews and others, who lived before Christ, and many also who have lived since his time, but to whom he has never been revealed, should be saved by faith in God alone: still however through the sole merits of

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