shortly after the reign of the last-named emperor,—a period characterised by a return to the ideal models of the earliest period, and the cultivation of a purer and simpler style of sculpture. He dwelt at some length upon the valuable aid which paleography affords to the archæological student of the sculptures of antiquity, for by the form of the characters employed in the inscriptions the period at which those sculptures were produced was capable of being satisfactorily indicated. He then proceeded to direct attention to a few of the specimens presented to observation in the gallery, instancing the Colossal Hercules in the entrance hall as a specimen of the pantheistic period, while the colossal Apollo in the same place (engraved in the Pembroke Marbles as a Bacchus) indicated a transition to the retrospective period. Its arms and legs are of modern work, and the original attitude was more probably that of the Sauroctorios of the Tribune at Florence, where he is leaning against a pillar, than the one chosen by the restorer. The other works which Mr. Newton noticed were-a group of Hercules and the Achelous, very much restored, which has been supposed to represent the contest of Hercules and the centaur Nessus, and to which he pointed attention as being in its strong lights and shadows of the same school which attained its climax in the celebrated group of the Laocoon; an equestrian statue of Trajan's time, 2 feet 4 inc. high, very interesting from its details of costume; an Egyptian statue of a "priest of the goddess Neith, and chamberlain of the palace," (as the inscription can now be read,) height 2 feet 11 inc. which was engraved as an image of Isis, in Gordon's essay on Capt. Lethieullier's mummy, fol. 1707; a beautiful statue of Cupid bending his bow, probably copied from the celebrated Cupid of Praxiteles, as many repetitions of this figure exist, two of which are in the British Museum; the Ephesian Diana, the body of white marble, the extremities restored in black marble-and covered with figures of animals, the unmistakeable and hideous creation of a pantheistic age; the sarcophagus of Aurelius Epaphroditus, found near Athens, adorned with interesting subjects in basrelief; and a statue called Jupiter, with a ram on his shoulders, but rather Hermes Kriophorus, an ancient imitation of an archaic statue, most probably a copy of the statue by Calamis, a contemporary of Phidias, B.C. 440, described by Pausanias as existing in his time at Tanagra. This statue, which Mr. Newton believes to be perfectly unique, he pronounced to be a good specimen of the retrospective age, and a clever copy of the archaic style.

SUSSEX ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The 4th annual meeting of the Sussex Archæological Society was held Aug. 9, at Arundel, the attractions of which venerable spot combined with beautiful weather to collect a more numerous attendance than these meetings have ever hitherto secured. In the absence of the Duke of Norfolk (President of the Society), the chair was taken by the Earl of Arundel and Surrey, M.P.; and among those present were the Earl and Countess of Chichester, the Earl and Countess Waldegrave, Lord Headley, the Bishop of Oxford, and a great number of the gentry and clergy of the county. The company assembled at the Town Hall, where a great variety of interesting objects were exhibited. Among these, were a suit of clothes, a star, ruffles, a pair of slippers, and a watch, belonging to Charles I. the property of the Rev. T. Harvey, exhibited by Mr. Blencowe; some Roman lachrymatories and coins, found in digging the foundation of the new Subdeanery Church at Chichester, by the Rev. T. W. Perry; papal bulls, found in the Close at Chichester, and at Sullington, exhibited by the Rev. W. Watkins and S. Dixon, esq.; cinerary urns, from a Roman camp near Lewes, by Mr. W. Figg; a great quantity of ancient coins, by N. Borrer, esq. W. H. Blaauw, esq. E. Miller, esq. and others; and many original letters and official documents, by Mr. Cole, of Upper Norton-street, Portlandplace. Two antique keys, found in the Little Park, Arundel, were presented by the Duchess of Norfolk. Various rubbings were also suspended from the walls, with some beautiful drawings by Mr. Butler, jun. of Chichester cathedral.

The first paper read was on Knepp Castle, from Sir Charles Burrell's MSS. Mr. Blaauw (the hon. secretary), stated that the paper would appear in the third volume of the Society's Transactions. One of the documents quoted is an order of King John to burn the Castle of Knepp,

dated on June 13 in the 18th year of his reign.

The Rev. Mr. Tierney then read a paper describing some discoveries of coffins recently made while forming a family vault for the Duke of Norfolk in the College Chapel, Arundel, in 1847. The College was founded in 1380; it shared the fate of similar buildings at the dissolution of monastic establishments; and was granted by the Crown to the Earls of Arundel, who have used the chapel as a place of interment ever since. Some of the coffins bore inscriptions; others did not. Amongst the rubbish which must have been filled in when the chapel was first built, was the lower half of a statuette of Our Lady, beautifully cut in Caen stone, the blue dress, red slippers, and gilded ornaments quite fresh.

Mr. Blencowe next read extracts from the Diary of Timothy Burrell, of Oakenden House, Cuckfield. He was generally known as "Counsellor Burrell." Two wives died childless; his third died in giving birth to his only child, who afterwards married Lord Trevor, and died leaving a daughter, afterwards the wife of the second Duke of Marlborough. His entries in the journal were Greek or Latin, even when the entry related to so homely an item as new tinning a copper stewpan. His neighbours were in the habit of sending him presents, all which were duly entered, from a couple of cauliflowers presented by a cottager, to the half buck from Sir Henry Goring.

Mr. M. A. Lower read a description of the Castle of Bellencombre, in Normandy, from his own inspection and inquiries during a recent visit to the neighbourhood of Dieppe. The place is interesting to Sussex Archæologists, from its being the place whence the Warrens came to England.

Mr. Lower also read a paper on the Romance of Sir Bevis and his horse Hirondelle or Arundel. The romance itself relates to a number of events of the kind found in the "Seven Champions," and tradition gives some local application of the tale, founded, it seems, on the identity of the names, and the fact that one of the towers of Arundel Castle bears the name of Beves.

The Rev. Mr. Tierney then read a paper on an old house which existed some 20 years ago at Arundel, bearing the singular name of Nineveh, and containing some oak carving and ornamental stone-work.

Mr. Blaauw produced some letters of William Earl Warren, in the 13th century,

and also the lists of the burgesses of Arundel at that and subsequent periods. There was also a letter from the steward of the Bishop of Chichester in 1230, complaining of the cruelty of the Earl of Arundel against the tenants of the church of Chichester, whereby they were constantly forced into appeals to the Hundred Court for justice. Another letter from the Earl contains an urgent application for a loan of 1097. at any rate of interest, and concludes by a statement that the immediate receipt of that sum would do the writer more service than 1,000l. after the feast of St. John.

Mr. Blencowe here remarked that before the meeting broke up he would call attention to several articles now in the room possessing peculiar interest. Knowing that Mr. Harvey, of Cowden, Kent, was in possession of some relics of Charles I. he wrote to him, and Mr. Harvey very kindly placed them at his disposal. On the return of Charles II. he wrote to Lord Leicester, soliciting his courtesy towards the Queen of Bohemia; Lord Leicester placed his house at her disposal. Mr. Spencer, his lordship's steward, was most assiduous in attention to her Majesty ; and in return she presented him with the camp watch of Charles I. and a suit of his clothes. Mr. Harvey was a descendant of Mr. Spencer, and these articles had remained in possession of the family ever since.

Mr. Blaauw pointed out another large silver watch given to Mr. Herbert by King Charles on the morning of his execution, and mentioned in Herbert's Memoirs. It has been in the family of W. Townley Mitford, esq. of Pitt's Hill, many generations, having come from a lady of the Howell family who married into the Mitford family.

Mr. Figg produced some Roman coins found a fortnight ago at Balmer, by some labourers, while digging flints.

It was now two o'clock, and the company left the Hall to view the Castle. The picture gallery, the principal drawing room, the library, &c. were all open to the members for three hours, as were likewise the keep, the splendid flower garden, the dairy, &c. The Rev. Mr. Tierney headed a large party, to whom he delivered an ambulatory description of the various objects of interest, both in the castle, and the scenery of the neighbourhood. five o'clock a dinner took place at the Norfolk Hotel, which was as fully attended as the morning meeting.

At

ROME.

The President of the French Republic has written a letter to Colonel Ney, in which he states clearly and emphatically the object of the French mediation in Rome. The French army was not sent to stifle Italian liberty, but to preserve it from excesses. The establishment of the temporal power of the Pope, a general amnesty, the secularization of the administration, the Code Napoleon, and a liberal government, are the objects upon which the President insists. The letter expresses confidence in the benevolent intentions of the Holy Father, and insinuates that these intentions and the good deeds of the French remain unfruitful through hostile priestly influence.

VENICE.

Venice capitulated on the 22d August. The capitulation took place in the presence of General Gorskowski aud Baron Hess on the part of Austria, and three commis-. sioners on the part of Venice. The surrender is unconditional. The officers who have fought against Austria to be allowed to leave Venice, as well as all foreign soldiers, of whatever rank they may be, and certain civic functionaries and persons, of whom a list was to be furnished by the Austrian General-in-Chief. The paper money of Venice to be reduced to one half of its nominal value, and only have forced circulation at Venice and in the coast district. The Austrians were in complete possession of the city on the 28th, and President Manin, General Pepe, and forty persons most compromised in the revolution, embarked for Corfu. neral Garzkewski was appointed Civil and Military Governor, and M. Mazzani Prefect of Venice. Marshal Radetzky entered the city on the 30th, escorted by a flotilla of gondolas, and proceeded by the Grand Canal to the Imperial Palace, a modern building close to the old Palace of the Doges. The Austrian batteries, it is said, expended not less than 60,000 shot and shells on Venice, besides 57,000 which were thrown into the fort of Malghera on the main land. The amount of damage caused by all this expenditure of powder and shot is incredibly small. St. Mark's church and the Palace of the Doges are untouched. The Austrian loss during the GENT. MAG. VOL. XXXII,

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siege is nearly 600 in killed and wounded; that of the Venetians probably more, without reckoning deaths from cholera. It was the scarcity of provisions, rather than the effects of the bombardment, which obliged the town to capitulate. Mr. Dawkins, the English Consul, was slightly wounded during the bombardment whilst in bed at his own house, by a splinter caused by a ball.-The cholera has been raging fearfully in Venice. Upwards of

400 attacks and 235 deaths had been counted per day. Mr. Sparks, the American Consul, died lately of the epidemic.

HUNGARY.

Nothing certain is known at Vienna re specting the fate of Komorn and Peterwardein. Georgey arrived at Vienna on the 8th Sept. with his wife and physician, having been ten days on the road from Grosswardein. He was accompanied by Major Andrassy, with whom he left on the same day for Klagenfurth, which is to be his future residence. Kossuth, Bem, Dembinski, Guyon, Messaros, and many of the other Hungarian leaders, have taken refuge in Turkey. The Austrians and Russians are trying to make the Sultan give them up; but it is to be hoped that the English and French ambassadors will prevent this. The little fortress Deva, in Transylvania, has been blown up by the insurgents, 300 strong, rather than surrender. It took place in sight of the Russians, as they were approaching to storm it. The besiegers, on coming up, found only the blackened corpses that had been hurled down the rocks, which were here from four to five hundred feet high. Not a man survived to tell the tale and explain the catastrophe.

CEPHALONIA.

Serious disturbances broke out in this island on the 26th August, arising partly from political motives and partly with the object of plunder. For some days previously the police were aware that a conspiracy was in course of formation. A sergeant and two constables who were ordered to reinforce the police picket at Scala were watched and fired upon by 12 of the insurrectionary band. One of the constables was killed, and the sergeant wounded. On the 27th the insurgents increased in

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strength, and not only intercepted all the police reports, but drove the constabulary out of Scala. A respectable citizen, named Cavaliere Metaxo Zannato, having given the government authorities some information connected with the designs of the rebels, in consequence of a letter which had accidentally fallen into his hands, was burnt alive in his own house, as were also two of his domestics. His son-in-law was made prisoner, and a large ransom demanded for his liberty. Troc ps were immediately dispatched to Argostoli from Corfu, in order to quell the insurrection, and martial law was proclaimed.

CANADA.

Canada has been the scene of renewed disturbances. On the 15th of August the Government made several arrests of persons implicated in the riot which resulted in the destruction of the Parliament house. These arrests were made without opposition, except in one or two cases, but in the evening a large mob assembled and proceeded to the house of M. Lafontaine, the Attorney-General, which had been filled with men to protect it, and as soon as the assault commenced those inside fired some 30 shots upon the mob. Only one shot took fatal effect, killing a young

man named Mason. One or two barricades were thrown up in the streets, but they were speedily demolished by the troops, who were in considerable force. The funeral of Mason was attended by an immense concourse, the coffin being dressed with red. Donegana's Hotel, in Montreal, the finest in Canada, was entirely consumed by the fire on the 16th.

INDIA.

The Moolraj has been tried for the murder of Mr. Vans Agnew, late of the Bengal Civil Service; and Lieut. Anderson, late of the Bombay Military Service. The Court found that Moolraj aided and abetted the murder, instigated his troops to the murder, and finally rewarded the actual murderers, thus completely disposing of the defence that Moolraj was to a greater or less degree forced to the course he took by a mutinous soldiery. The Court, however, which found him guilty of the three charges enumerated above, has accompanied the finding with a recommendation to mercy, as, in the opinion of the Court, he was the victim of circumstances. The punishment of death has been commuted to imprisonment for life in Chunar fort.

LONDON AND ITS VICINITY.

The Cholera.-The following statistics relating to the epidemic which has been raging so destructively in London, and throughout the kingdom, are condensed from the Registrar General's Return. The mortality from cholera has now rapidly declined. The deaths from all causes registered in London in the three weeks ending Sept. 22, were 3,160, 2,842, and 1,981. The decrease has been exclusively in the cholera deaths, which were 2,026, 1,682, and 839 in the three weeks. From the first appearance of the disease this year more than 53 in 10,000 of the inhabitants of London have died of it. all causes the mortality has been 116 in 10,000, or equivalent to 4.64 per cent. 35 in 10,000 of the inhabitants on the north side of the Thames, and 104 in 10,000 of those on the south side of the Thames, have died of cholera; the mortality has been therefore three times as great on the south as it was on the north side of the river. The highest rate of mortality in the north districts has been in Chelsea, the low parts of Westminster, the Belgrave sub-district, the London City West district (traversed by the Fleet ditch),

From

Whitechapel, St. George-in-the- East, Stepney, and Poplar. The mortality on the south side the river has been highest in the districts of St. Saviour, St. Olave, and St. George, Southwark, where the deaths have been 141, 151, 142, in 10,000; in Bermondsey, where they have amounted to 163; in Rotherhithe, where they have reached the maximum 225 in 10,000, or 24 per cent.; in Lambeth, where the river-side districts show as great a mortality as St. Saviour, St. Olave, &c.; and Camberwell and Newington. The parts on the south side the river where the cholera has prevailed with so much violence are below the Trinity high-water mark. The physical causes of cholera, or rather of the mortality of cholera, may thus be investigated in the soil, atmosphere, and people of the several districts of London.

City improvements. For some days past workmen have been employed in re. moving a very large portion of the houses lying between Queen-street, St. Thomasthe-Apostle, and Cloak-lane, preparatory to the formation of a broad and continuous thoroughfare extending from Earl-street, Blackfriars, to London Bridge. The for

mation of this line of street will materially relieve Cheapside, Ludgate-hill, and St. Paul's-churchyard from the present inconvenient amount of carriage traffic, and will be the means of removing a great many close streets which are neither convenient nor healthy. The new street will intersect Bow-lane and Bennet's- hill, avoiding the churches of St. Bennet and St. Anne, Blackfriars. It will be neces sary to interfere with the graveyard of St. John Zachary and St. John the Baptist.

Sept. 10. The London New Fever Hospital, erected in the Liverpool-road, Islington, was opened for the reception of patients. The building contains accommodation for 200 persons, and cost about 20,0007.

CHESHIRE.

July 21. The Bishop of Chester consecrated the new church of St. Peter, Macclesfield. The district is one of those constituted under Sir R. Peel's Act, and has now become a separate parish. The Rev. William Crump, now Vicar of Rowley Regis, Staffordshire, was the originator

of the church labours in the district of St. Peter's. He commenced, in 1844, by lecturing to a small congregation in a house occupied by a Mr. Tunock, on Sunday evenings. He soon succeeded in bringing together sufficient numbers as to render a large room necessary, and in Jan. 1845 he caused to be erected a small wooden

church for temporary use. A subscription list was opened, and the amount gradually accumulated so much that the building committee were led last year to engage the services of Mr. T. Trubshaw, architect, of Newcastle. The church stands on an eminence called "Windmill Brow,' and is capable of accommodating 600 or 700 persons. It adjoins the new schools of St. Peter's, and is built of stone, in the early-English style of architecture. It contains three aisles. There is a singinggallery, for the school-children only, at the west end. The choir are to be accommodated near the communion rails. The windows of the chancel are of stained glass. A procession, consisting of the mayor, corporation, the clergy of the town and neighbourhood, and the police authorities, moved from the town hall to the church, where a sermon was preached by the Lord Bishop, and a collection was made, amounting to about 451.

The district church of St. Paul, Danebridge, Northwich, has also been consecrated. It was built by private subscription and grants from the different churchbuilding societies, and is capable of accommodating 600 persons.

KENT.

The old church at Speldhurst was struck with lightning on the 20th Oct. 1791, which destroyed the beautiful spire, 160 feet high, and the tower, in which was a peal of five heavy bells, as well as the whole body of the church, in which were a number of ancient monuments, especially of the Waller family, of Groombridge-place. The bells were melted. A new peal of five bells, cast at Messrs. Mears' foundry, Whitechapel, weight of tenor 144 cwt. were opened on Monday, Sept. 10.

The porch of Hunstanton church, near Lynn, which is an elegant specimen of Decorative work, has lately been restored most successfully under the superintendence of Frederick Preedy, esq. principally at the expense of some liberal but unknown subscriber.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.

During the last three months the east end of the Peterborough Cathedral has been greatly beautified by the restoration of the ornaments which time had injured, and the tracery of the windows, which had been disfigured by the substitution of plaster for stone, blocking up the fine openings with mortar, &c. The windows, which had been mildewed by time, have undergone an entire cleansing.

Aug. 9. The Bishop of Peterborough was present at the re-opening of Braunston church. The church replaced by the present building was in a most dilapidated condition, and totally inadequate to the wants of the large and increasing parish. The spire had fallen out of the upright,